Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24660780More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	587	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	5,000,879	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	211	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	2,211,694	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	197	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	2,041,834	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	8,030.1	...	...	4.2	...	...	5.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	0.07	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	920,686.55	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	590	285	305	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	115	55	55	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	716,900	369,250	347,650
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	35	20	15	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	216,825	111,015	105,805
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	25	10	10	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	244,290	125,810	118,485
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	50	25	30	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	255,790	132,425	123,365
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	375	180	190	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	45	20	25	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	253,690	131,245	122,445
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	35	20	20	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	294,650	151,505	143,145
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	35	20	15	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	337,090	170,500	166,585
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	30	15	20	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	358,585	178,925	179,660
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	35	15	20	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	353,350	175,175	178,175
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	45	15	25	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	319,740	156,480	163,260
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	35	25	15	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	310,035	149,520	160,515
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	45	20	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	329,005	158,540	170,460
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	35	15	15	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	356,345	172,520	183,825
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	35	25	15	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	355,130	170,210	184,920
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	95	40	55	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	1,016,365	473,640	542,720
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	35	15	20	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	319,405	152,705	166,700
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	25	10	15	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	272,365	130,370	141,995
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	15	5	10	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	181,075	86,060	95,015
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	15	10	10	840,545	370,905	469,645	121,055	55,285	65,780
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	10	0	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	122,465	49,225	73,235
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	5	0	0	525,445	212,735	312,705	74,315	32,315	42,005
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	10	0	10	258,035	87,300	170,735	36,840	13,715	23,120
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	9,790	2,865	6,925
100 years and over	465	90	375	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	1,515	330	1,185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	19.5	19.3	18.0	16.3	16.9	15.6	14.3	15.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	63.6	63.2	62.3	64.8	65.4	64.2	65.3	65.7	65.0
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	16.1	14.0	18.0	19.0	17.7	20.2	20.3	19.3	21.3
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	1.7	0.0	1.6	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	39.4	39.0	39.8	41.9	41.0	42.8	43.1	42.2	43.9
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	39.6	38.8	39.6	41.6	40.4	42.8	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	200	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	30	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	866,340	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	15	...	...	746,560	...	...	62,890	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	168,590	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	75	...	...	821,490	...	...	249,835	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	80	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	417,475	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	221,845	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	3,760	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	51,100	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	45	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	600,705	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	50	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	719,865	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	40	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	296,200	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	35	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	256,700	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	30	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	168,355	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	580	280	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140
Average household size	2.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	475	225	245	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	225	115	115	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	195	95	100	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	30	20	15	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	427,970	214,680	213,285
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	25	15	10	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	313,560	158,045	155,515
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	17,220	8,940	8,285
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	5	5	0	721,715	365,760	355,950	87,370	43,700	43,670
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	9,815	3,995	5,820
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	245	115	135	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	1,819,845	858,415	961,435
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	180	90	90	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	1,202,625	653,345	549,280
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	10	5	0	741,135	319,045	422,090	110,710	47,290	63,420
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	35	15	25	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	283,035	109,615	173,420
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	25	5	20	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	223,475	48,165	175,310
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	145	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	1,399,405	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	55	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	763,875	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	30	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	290,335	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	35	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	255,295	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	20	...	...	855,960	...	...	89,900	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.3	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	2.1	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	145	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	1,399,405	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	110	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	1,190,930	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	95	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	977,010	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	70	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	496,240	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	25	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	480,770	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	15	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	213,925	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	5	...	...	808,645	...	...	64,570	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	10	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	149,355	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	35	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	208,475	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	30	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	161,820	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	46,655	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	580	280	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	475	230	245	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	220	115	105	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	30	10	25	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	208,475	46,660	161,820
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	225	115	110	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	1,307,575	695,790	611,785
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	170	80	90	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	1,001,235	529,410	471,830
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	50	30	20	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	306,340	166,380	139,960
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	105	45	55	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	1,018,030	483,010	535,015
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	45	15	25	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	600,705	273,740	326,960
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	25	10	20	927,345	393,085	534,260	139,900	56,735	83,160
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	35	20	15	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	277,425	152,535	124,890
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	2,041,830	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	115	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	1,157,520	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	90	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	1,002,775	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	65	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	463,945	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	25	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	538,825	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	25	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	154,745	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	5	...	...	441,745	...	...	75,700	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	20,325	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	15	...	...	450,415	...	...	79,015	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	15	...	...	663,835	...	...	108,570	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	45	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	600,705	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	470	225	245	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	440	215	230	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	31,600	36,400	28,400	41,200	46,400	36,800	40,800	47,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	440	215	230	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	29,600	32,400	26,600	36,800	40,800	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	375	180	195	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	21,800	28,200	16,800	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	43,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	305	155	150	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	24,400	31,200	20,600	37,200	43,200	32,000	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	405	195	210	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	11,300	10,000	12,200	9,800	8,500	11,000	10,000	9,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	50	25	25	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	370,345	168,520	201,825
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	4,840	4,480	5,200	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	180	95	80	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	1,106,935	526,910	580,025
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,200	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	495	250	245	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	475	250	220	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	41,000	41,200	40,800	54,450	62,650	46,560	54,450	63,500	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	475	250	220	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	35,600	35,600	35,600	44,920	50,320	39,680	45,600	51,900	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	415	215	205	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	32,600	33,600	31,800	50,240	59,500	41,000	50,520	60,800	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	355	195	160	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	34,200	33,600	35,200	50,280	58,050	42,000	50,520	59,800	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	430	230	205	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	13,500	13,900	13,000	11,170	10,180	12,060	11,030	10,490	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	60	40	0	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	368,410	167,495	200,910
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	5,400	5,400	...	7,050	6,710	7,370	6,540	6,030	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	200	125	75	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	1,102,145	524,940	577,205
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	9,400	10,600	7,800	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,110	8,940	9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	495	255	240	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	135	70	60	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	1,301,410	737,105	564,300
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	44,000	43,200	49,200	63,600	69,000	58,000	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	58,000	54,000	62,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	77,700	86,600	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	165	90	75	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	1,195,830	547,835	647,995
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	14,400	15,700	14,300	18,400	21,000	16,600	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	21,000	22,000	20,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	30,560	36,160	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	70.0	70.0	71.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	83.2	87.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	62.4	62.0	63.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	30.0	30.4	29.6	17.8	13.7	23.1	16.8	12.9	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.6	2.2	x	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	10.9	13.4	8.0	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.6	4.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	9.8	12.4	6.8	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	470	225	245	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	25	10	15	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	124,155	60,445	63,710
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	445	210	230	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	50	15	35	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	385,230	166,325	218,900
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	60	25	30	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	474,245	197,530	276,715
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	110	45	60	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	627,895	264,860	363,035
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	60	35	25	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	515,780	222,825	292,955
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	60	35	25	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	442,130	198,985	243,150
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	35	20	15	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	363,335	172,380	190,950
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	25	10	15	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	284,130	149,100	135,030
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	15	10	5	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	221,755	125,565	96,190
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	10	5	5	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	172,110	101,195	70,915
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	5	0	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	136,185	81,180	55,005
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	15	5	10	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	453,550	307,905	145,645
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	15	5	5	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	297,440	194,595	102,850
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	0	0	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	156,105	113,310	42,800
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	470	225	245	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	25	10	15	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	121,690	59,120	62,575
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	445	210	230	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	55	15	35	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	402,375	172,800	229,575
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	65	25	40	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	490,875	204,625	286,255
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	115	50	65	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	705,795	299,550	406,245
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	85	50	30	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	593,485	261,620	331,865
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	55	30	25	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	502,775	233,645	269,135
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	40	15	20	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	387,850	198,895	188,955
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	15	10	10	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	283,825	160,510	123,315
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	10	0	10	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	207,535	122,690	84,840
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	5	0	5	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	150,155	91,640	58,515
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	0	0	0	643,700	402,325	241,380	99,015	63,800	35,220
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	10	5	5	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	255,125	179,415	75,715
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	10	5	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	127,025	86,835	40,195
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	128,100	92,585	35,515
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	470	225	245	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	165	70	95	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	1,314,135	576,965	737,165
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	305	155	155	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	55	25	30	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	397,640	182,895	214,745
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	40	20	20	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	234,130	99,970	134,165
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	45	20	25	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	339,265	147,650	191,615
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	30	10	25	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	266,065	118,485	147,580
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	40	25	10	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	257,235	116,285	140,950
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	40	15	20	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	247,550	116,085	131,470
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	15	10	5	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	230,030	112,805	117,220
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	15	10	5	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	190,470	105,215	85,260
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	15	5	5	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	154,990	91,615	63,375
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	5	5	0	929,490	539,395	390,095	128,265	77,550	50,715
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	0	0	0	760,035	439,505	320,530	105,855	64,420	41,430
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	10	5	5	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	334,875	238,370	96,505
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	0	0	0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	154,515	102,955	51,560
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	10	5	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	180,360	135,420	44,940
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	470	225	245	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	425	200	225	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	26,600	31,000	24,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	38,400	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	425	200	225	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	24,800	29,200	23,200	35,200	40,000	31,200	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	370	180	190	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	24,000	30,600	19,400	36,800	44,000	30,800	36,400	44,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	295	150	145	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	26,000	32,000	23,600	38,000	44,400	32,800	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	360	170	190	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	5,440	2,820	8,800	4,240	1,960	6,450	5,880	4,520	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	35	20	20	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	258,710	115,865	142,845
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	6,550	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,480	5,120	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	495	250	245	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	460	240	225	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	43,600	50,400	36,000	52,350	61,250	43,800	52,300	62,250	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	460	240	225	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	36,800	42,000	31,200	42,920	49,000	37,160	43,400	50,520	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	415	210	200	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	39,600	49,200	29,400	51,040	60,800	41,320	51,080	61,850	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	345	190	150	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	42,600	50,000	33,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	49,120	58,700	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	385	190	190	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	9,520	7,850	11,200	7,950	6,990	8,800	8,330	8,200	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	45	15	30	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	258,380	115,595	142,790
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	10,800	6,000	14,000	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,140	6,310	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	495	255	240	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	125	65	60	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	1,288,260	729,135	559,120
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	45,200	45,200	42,800	60,000	66,000	53,600	60,400	68,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	55,000	52,000	58,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	72,800	82,200	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	140	85	55	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	1,128,665	516,540	612,120
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	17,600	27,400	12,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	25,200	29,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	45,000	65,000	15,600	35,200	41,280	29,720	36,280	43,320	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	82.0	88.0	74.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	89.0	92.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	73.0	80.0	62.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	18.0	12.6	26.4	12.3	8.9	16.9	10.9	8.0	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	2.4	0.8	4.5	1.2	1.0	1.6	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	74,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	45	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	600,705	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	31,600	...	...	41,600	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	28,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	155	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	1,441,130	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	95,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	82,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	40	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	600,425	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	30,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	28,000	...	...	44,360	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	165	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	1,441,410	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	111,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	30,080	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	13,160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	19,290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	41,735	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	10	...	...	637,695	...	...	82,340	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	10	...	...	505,875	...	...	63,830	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	0	...	...	488,735	...	...	64,895	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	5	...	...	560,950	...	...	75,105	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	5	...	...	572,650	...	...	73,975	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	5	...	...	559,155	...	...	73,180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	15	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	144,895	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	15	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	139,140	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	25	...	...	986,460	...	...	131,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	10	...	...	921,205	...	...	122,530	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	10	...	...	844,835	...	...	112,775	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	70	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	853,065	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	30	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	235,680	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	178,970	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	20	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	221,175	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	5	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	217,240	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	0	...	...	186,735	...	...	34,265	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	13,550	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	19,930	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	5	...	...	289,545	...	...	43,390	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	10	...	...	681,900	...	...	86,585	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	10	...	...	589,110	...	...	72,515	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	5	...	...	582,275	...	...	74,810	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	5	...	...	666,675	...	...	85,940	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	5	...	...	676,995	...	...	85,575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	5	...	...	655,100	...	...	85,000	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	25	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	168,315	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	30	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	160,070	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	15	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	149,385	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	10	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	136,615	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	15	...	...	911,515	...	...	121,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	50	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	704,010	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	30	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	243,560	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	15	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	167,850	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	10	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	292,600	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	140	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	1,364,485	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	25	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	562,590	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	62,400	...	...	79,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	75	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	561,965	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	30	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	188,585	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	72,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	80	35	40	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	878,130	426,275	451,855
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	27,600	27,400	28,000	38,400	40,000	36,800	39,200	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	26,600	27,000	25,600	34,800	36,000	33,600	36,000	37,200	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	155	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	1,363,860	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	114,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	25	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	561,775	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	76,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	90	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	563,000	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	110,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	30	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	186,930	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	110,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	90,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	65	40	25	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	875,470	423,270	452,200
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	31,000	33,000	26,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	50,240	53,050	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	28,000	29,000	26,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	42,720	44,400	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	585	280	305	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	140	70	70	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	866,210	446,475	419,740
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	40	25	20	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	264,100	135,340	128,760
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	355	170	180	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	95	40	50	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	964,710	454,590	510,120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	55	20	30	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	528,870	246,885	281,980
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	5	0	0	854,565	439,490	415,075	98,830	51,230	47,600
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	5	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	29,460	15,150	14,310
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	35	20	20	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	297,960	141,460	156,505
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	10	5	5	985,745	391,695	594,050	132,075	54,200	77,875
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	9.2	8.0	10.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	4.0	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	11.2	11.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	12.0	x	16.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	13.7	11.9	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	580	280	300	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	135	65	70	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	848,955	437,500	411,455
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	40	25	20	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	259,060	132,740	126,320
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	350	170	180	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	90	40	50	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	942,860	444,195	498,660
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	40	20	20	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	279,035	139,265	139,770
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	5	0	5	319,545	164,490	155,060	44,480	23,070	21,410
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	0	0	5	99,435	50,875	48,560	11,690	6,045	5,640
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	30	15	10	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	201,000	101,455	99,545
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	5	0	5	199,155	83,010	116,145	33,555	14,740	18,815
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	6.8	7.2	6.8	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	7.6	9.0	7.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.6	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	8.0	x	10.0	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	580	280	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	405	200	205	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	50	25	25	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	516,435	247,990	268,445
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	55	25	30	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	444,845	206,090	238,750
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	95	50	45	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	436,965	208,575	228,385
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	120	55	65	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	442,745	214,155	228,590
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	80	40	35	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	459,740	224,315	235,420
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	180	85	95	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	70	30	40	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	475,780	234,975	240,805
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	50	25	25	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	494,480	246,315	248,165
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	45	25	25	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	518,565	260,640	257,925
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	0	0	0	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	550,860	278,965	271,890
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	10	5	10	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	575,535	294,785	280,750
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	580	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	4,915,940	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.228	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.408	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.203	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	580	280	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	225	105	120	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	45	25	25	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	1,785	810	970
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	295	145	150	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	326,865	146,310	180,565
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	15	5	10	689,725	284,170	405,555	161,720	67,240	94,475
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	580	280	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	375	185	190	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	145	70	80	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	56,495	28,130	28,370
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	50	25	30	476,175	237,635	238,535	18,145	8,260	9,885
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	10	5	10	673,100	275,685	397,420	158,820	65,825	92,995
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	580	280	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	505	250	260	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	275	140	135	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	170	90	80	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	105	50	55	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	57,420	28,645	28,780
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	235	110	125	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	1,379,145	644,515	734,630
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	5,490	2,600	2,890
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	820	390	430
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	30	15	15
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	630	310	320
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	95	35	60	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	620	305	320
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	15	5	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	50	20	25
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	170	75	95
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	85	55	30
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	305	150	155
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	15	10	5
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	10	10	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	155	65	90
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	15	5	5
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	135	55	85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	30	5	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	100	45	55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	1,560	710	850
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	1,545	705	840
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	615	280	335
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	90	40	50
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	70	40	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	5	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	60	25	35
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	20	5	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	40	20	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	85	45	40
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	5	5	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	10	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	460	210	250
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	5	0	5
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	110	55	60
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	10	5	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	40	20	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	50	15	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	5	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	135	30	105	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	35	10	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	355	150	205	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	0	0	0	275	115	155	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	30	15	15
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	25	10	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	1,080	510	565
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	180	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	100	45	50
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	180	95	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	265	120	140
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	95	40	45
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	55	25	30
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	10	5	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	5	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	5	0	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	1,005	505	505
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	575	295	275
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	320	155	165
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	115	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	760	380	385
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	80	30	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	295	180	115
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	215	90	125
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	20	5	10
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	25	15	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	70	25	40
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	235	110	125	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	1,373,655	641,910	731,745
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	25	15	10	698,355	359,625	338,730	33,195	17,710	15,485
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	110	70	40
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	70	45	30
Tamazight	985	570	415	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	25	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	0	0	0	395	225	170	10	10	5
Chadic languages	335	180	160	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	50	35	15
Hausa	175	100	70	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	40	25	15
Mina	165	80	90	0	0	0	675	340	335	10	10	5
Coptic	165	90	75	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	10	5	5
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	2,005	1,025	980
Bilen	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	30	15	15
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	310	165	140
Somali	735	345	390	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	1,590	805	785
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	755	400	350	75	40	35
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	25	15	10	618,450	320,045	298,405	31,020	16,575	14,450
Amharic	495	235	255	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	1,620	790	835
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	15	5	5	508,410	265,350	243,060	22,970	12,330	10,640
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	1,505	770	735
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	580	295	280
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	800	405	390
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	125	65	60
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	15	10	15
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	10	10	5	19,495	10,505	8,995	2,260	1,275	980
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	170	85	90
Tigrigna	705	360	340	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	2,455	1,310	1,150
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	450	235	220	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	5	5	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	34,145	15,270	18,875
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	1,530	670	865
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	5	5	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	32,560	14,580	17,985
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	0	0	0	460	230	225	50	25	30
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	70	20	45	565,375	238,875	326,500	104,100	42,685	61,415
Bikol	85	40	50	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	425	180	240
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	1,375	550	825
Cebuano	680	250	430	5	0	5	18,945	7,800	11,145	3,585	1,405	2,175
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	345	180	170
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	1,895	755	1,140
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	15	5	5	33,520	14,140	19,380	6,325	2,650	3,675
Indonesian	405	165	240	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	4,080	1,730	2,345
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	200	85	120
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0	0	0	670	275	395	125	45	80
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	35	15	20
Merina	285	120	160	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0	835	415	425	30	15	20
Malay	45	20	30	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	365	180	185
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	870	400	470
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	395	165	230
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	55	15	35	461,150	194,805	266,345	82,835	33,800	49,045
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	300	125	175
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	945	425	525
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	925	465	460
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	115	60	50
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	600	315	290	40	25	15
Krio	10	10	5	0	0	0	795	365	435	35	20	15
Morisyen	910	440	470	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	375	170	205
Sango	50	25	20	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	180	100	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	170	85	90
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	10	5	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	13,260	7,225	6,035
Kannada	225	140	90	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	565	290	270
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	4,740	2,590	2,155
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	10	5	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	5,055	2,645	2,405
Telugu	1,350	915	430	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	2,810	1,650	1,160
Tulu	15	10	5	0	0	0	615	310	305	70	40	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	370	170	195	25	10	15
Georgian	105	45	55	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	160	95	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	85	40	45
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	95	45	50	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	657,345	321,395	335,955
Albanian	1,795	885	910	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	1,645	850	795
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	1,350	650	695
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	20	10	10	648,810	297,100	351,710	81,655	37,525	44,135
Baltic languages	315	125	195	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	1,065	475	595
Latvian	115	55	60	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	545	250	290
Lithuanian	205	70	140	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	525	220	300
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	20	10	10	638,250	292,670	345,580	80,590	37,050	43,540
Belarusian	30	15	15	0	0	0	720	325	395	70	30	40
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	2,025	960	1,065
Czech	555	255	300	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	5,855	2,770	3,090
Macedonian	95	40	55	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	330	170	165
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	15,810	7,190	8,625
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	15	5	10	197,905	89,100	108,800	28,660	12,825	15,835
Rusyn	5	5	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	25	5	15
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	16,425	8,055	8,365
Bosnian	340	170	175	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	1,655	805	855
Croatian	865	415	450	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	6,805	3,255	3,545
Serbian	1,300	645	650	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	7,665	3,855	3,815
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	300	145	155
Slovak	345	130	220	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	3,275	1,475	1,805
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	950	430	520
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	7,120	3,120	4,000
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	440	235	205	40	25	20
Celtic languages	40	25	10	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	415	225	190
Irish	10	5	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	110	60	40
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	80	40	35
Welsh	15	10	5	0	0	0	825	410	420	200	100	100
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	230	135	95	30	20	10
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	10	5	5	463,400	221,365	242,035	84,375	39,695	44,675
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	200	95	105
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	10	5	5	301,570	142,580	158,990	53,255	24,820	28,435
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	50,695	23,575	27,125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	15	10	5
Swiss German	235	125	110	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	2,330	1,130	1,205
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	215	110	105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	23,295	11,250	12,040
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	3,700	1,830	1,870
Dutch	740	390	345	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	17,345	8,325	9,020
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	235	100	130
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	110	60	50
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	1,580	775	810
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	320	165	155
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	7,530	3,465	4,060
Danish	150	70	80	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	3,625	1,700	1,925
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0	905	430	480	215	100	115
Norwegian	65	35	30	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	1,520	720	795
Swedish	230	120	110	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	2,175	940	1,230
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	95	60	35
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	5	5	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	5,545	2,925	2,625
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	15	5	10	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	368,635	184,325	184,310
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	15	10	10	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	306,465	153,205	153,260
Assamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	545	265	280	75	40	35
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	10	0	5	87,580	45,160	42,425	4,765	2,640	2,125
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	5	0	5	138,985	73,335	65,655	8,250	4,130	4,120
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	32,390	16,270	16,120
Kacchi	90	40	45	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	1,195	510	680
Kashmiri	25	15	5	0	0	0	745	395	350	80	50	30
Konkani	55	35	20	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	280	145	135
Marathi	345	200	145	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	1,605	840	770
Nepali	330	170	160	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	1,725	900	825
Oriya languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	110	55	55
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	65	40	30
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0	645	325	320	45	20	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	240,865	119,945	120,915
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	65	35	30
Sindhi	45	30	20	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	285	155	125
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	1,935	960	970
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	12,210	6,195	6,015
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	625	325	305
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	62,135	31,100	31,030
Baluchi	5	5	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	65	35	35
Kurdish	435	245	190	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	2,775	1,510	1,265
Parsi	25	20	10	0	0	0	555	310	240	155	85	70
Pashto	975	525	450	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	1,365	760	600
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	57,700	28,670	29,030
Dari	1,085	520	565	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	6,005	2,965	3,045
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	46,395	23,045	23,355
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	5,295	2,665	2,630
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0	815	425	390	75	45	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0	0	0	305	165	140	40	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	45	25	20	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	113,685	55,180	58,505
Catalan	190	90	95	0	0	0	905	470	440	200	115	90
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	5	5	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	19,805	10,000	9,800
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	24,320	11,490	12,840
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	5	0	5	93,160	44,185	48,975	8,775	4,250	4,525
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	30	15	15	538,870	259,500	279,375	60,465	29,260	31,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	120	65	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	385	195	185	35	20	15
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	22,030	7,135	14,895
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	59,935	26,815	33,125
Mongolian	100	35	65	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	435	185	250
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	4,910	2,455	2,455
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	545	300	240
Bamanankan	665	360	310	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	15	10	5
Edo	60	25	35	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	75	35	35
Éwé	330	185	150	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	110	60	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	40	20	20
Ga	45	25	20	0	0	0	815	400	415	50	25	25
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	160	75	90
Gikuyu	0	5	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	70	30	35
Igbo	90	55	35	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	290	150	140
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	295	145	145
Lingala	1,680	750	930	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	90	50	40
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	0	0	0	520	245	275	10	5	10
Mòoré	150	85	70	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	10	0	0	0	695	365	325	30	15	10
Ndebele	30	15	20	0	0	0	920	420	500	50	20	30
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	225	100	120
Shona	80	40	40	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	355	170	185
Soninke	205	135	70	0	0	0	505	315	190	5	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	520	200	320	65	25	35
Swahili	795	385	400	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	1,090	520	570
Wojenaka	485	225	255	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	10	5	5
Wolof	1,495	800	690	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	50	25	25
Yoruba	625	325	295	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	555	305	250
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	735	360	375
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	420	215	200
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	105	50	50
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	220	120	105
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0	575	305	270	45	20	25
Sign languages	275	140	135	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	1,000	560	440
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	895	500	390
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	0	0	0	990	520	465	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	105	55	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	15	10	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	419,855	189,740	230,115
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	15	10	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	417,290	188,495	228,795
Hakka	210	85	125	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	2,080	895	1,185
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	10	5	5	679,255	310,750	368,510	205,205	91,455	113,750
Min Dong	15	5	5	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	185	90	95
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	11,780	5,240	6,540
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	3,200	1,405	1,795
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	0	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835	192,140	88,195	103,945
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	2,560	1,155	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	630	295	330	135	60	80
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	2,485	1,205	1,280
Burmese	45	15	30	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	1,015	485	535
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	210	90	120
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	725	345	380
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	645	305	335
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	85	40	40
Tibetan	65	30	35	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	395	215	185
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0	890	445	440	140	75	65
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	585	285	295	75	40	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	5	0	5	22,350	8,605	13,745	4,395	1,380	3,015
Lao	1,280	615	665	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	1,100	525	580
Thai	405	115	295	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	3,170	800	2,365
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0	410	165	240	120	50	70
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	6,055	3,325	2,730
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	625	345	280
Kazakh	25	15	15	0	0	0	540	230	305	115	40	75
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	4,765	2,685	2,080
Uyghur	140	65	75	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	240	120	120
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	150	70	80
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	165	65	95
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	15	5	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	11,275	5,160	6,115
Estonian	70	30	40	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	575	235	340
Finnish	140	55	85	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	3,005	1,240	1,760
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	15	5	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	7,700	3,685	4,015
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	130	70	60
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	75	35	45	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	190,055	91,010	99,040
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	10	5	10	291,325	142,420	148,905	17,320	8,415	8,905
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	50	20	25	921,480	450,685	470,800	150,730	72,755	77,980
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	10	5	5	117,910	57,875	60,040	2,395	1,135	1,260
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	5	0	5	52,880	25,900	26,975	2,960	1,335	1,630
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	5	5	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	16,645	7,375	9,270
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	580	280	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	175	90	85	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	70	35	30	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	11,050	5,420	5,625
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	60	25	35	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	464,235	216,230	248,005
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	645	320	325
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	60	25	35	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	463,590	215,910	247,685
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	55	25	30	953,760	465,560	488,205	42,645	19,975	22,670
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	145	65	85	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	880,090	419,520	460,570
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	35	15	20	395,320	188,195	207,125	1,065	480	585
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	40	25	15	455,760	217,995	237,770	21,610	9,790	11,820
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	5	0	5	200,320	93,165	107,155	39,565	17,910	21,660
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	580	280	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	505	245	260	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	365	185	175	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	260	130	125	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	105	50	50	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	17,245	8,400	8,845
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	145	60	85	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	847,550	400,695	446,850
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	1,215	595	615
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	130	55	70
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	10	10	5
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	110	50	60
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	40	20	25	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	100	45	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	10	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	20	5	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	70	30	35
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	10	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	5	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	465	235	230
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	460	230	230
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	215	95	120
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	20	10	5
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	20	10	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	15	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	5	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	30	15	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	25	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	10	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	10	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	250	120	125
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	40	15	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	30	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	80	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	15	10	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	210	115	100
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	80	40	40
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	65	20	40
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	30	10	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	30	15	15
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	145	60	85	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	846,335	400,100	446,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	5	5	0	395,840	197,010	198,830	19,805	10,000	9,805
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	40	20	20
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	30	10	15
Tamazight	360	195	165	0	0	0	840	455	380	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0	0	0	280	155	130	5	5	5
Chadic languages	125	60	65	0	0	0	835	425	410	10	5	5
Hausa	80	45	45	0	0	0	635	330	305	5	0	5
Mina	40	15	25	0	0	0	200	95	105	5	5	0
Coptic	120	65	60	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	1,150	570	585
Bilen	10	5	10	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	25	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	155	80	75
Somali	345	160	185	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	930	455	475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	45	20	25
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	5	5	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	18,605	9,405	9,195
Amharic	240	115	125	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	765	345	415
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	5	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	13,845	6,995	6,850
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	1,110	545	575
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	390	195	195
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	600	290	310
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	120	55	65
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	20	5	15
Hebrew	715	375	335	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	1,030	535	500
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	5	0	5
Tigrigna	445	230	215	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	1,810	975	840
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	250	135	115	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	10	5	5	127,730	58,660	69,070	21,705	9,915	11,790
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	780	360	425
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	10	5	5	116,785	53,735	63,055	20,890	9,535	11,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0	300	160	135	40	20	15
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	40	15	25	326,245	149,550	176,700	54,720	24,615	30,105
Bikol	35	15	15	0	0	0	760	370	395	130	65	60
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	585	260	325
Cebuano	425	180	250	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	1,735	780	950
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	110	60	50
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	865	390	480
Ilocano	960	415	545	10	5	10	18,350	8,350	10,000	3,280	1,480	1,795
Indonesian	170	85	90	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	1,375	675	700
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	105	45	60
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	0	0	0	320	150	170	55	20	30
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	0	0	0	725	370	355	15	10	10
Merina	65	30	35	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0	0	0	390	205	190	15	10	10
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0	280	145	140	55	30	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	425	195	225
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0	0	0	680	310	375	130	55	75
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	30	10	15	275,045	125,870	149,170	45,380	20,305	25,080
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0	680	325	360	115	65	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	355	175	180
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	430	200	230
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	25	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0	300	125	175	25	15	10
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	20	5	10
Morisyen	475	225	250	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	230	110	115
Sango	10	10	5	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	75	35	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0	0	0	870	395	475	60	20	35
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	10	0	5	169,705	85,265	84,440	8,005	4,180	3,825
Kannada	115	65	50	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	240	125	105
Malayalam	970	520	445	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	2,890	1,545	1,345
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	5	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	3,185	1,585	1,595
Telugu	820	550	275	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	1,645	895	750
Tulu	10	5	5	0	0	0	240	120	120	25	15	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	205	105	105	25	10	15
Georgian	45	20	25	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	100	60	40
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	35	15	20
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	65	25	45	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	364,340	179,590	184,745
Albanian	1,050	505	540	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	690	345	345
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	675	315	355
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	20	5	15	303,480	143,495	159,985	33,875	16,185	17,690
Baltic languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	225	115	105
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0	880	395	485	90	45	45
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	135	70	65
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	20	5	15	300,985	142,375	158,610	33,650	16,070	17,580
Belarusian	5	5	5	0	0	0	215	100	115	15	5	5
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	900	430	465
Czech	165	75	90	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	1,760	875	890
Macedonian	60	25	30	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	125	65	60
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	5,250	2,470	2,785
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	20	10	10	125,780	59,290	66,490	16,090	7,655	8,435
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	6,745	3,270	3,480
Bosnian	170	80	90	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	720	345	380
Croatian	365	165	200	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	1,940	885	1,050
Serbian	645	320	325	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	4,010	1,990	2,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0	0	0	640	315	325	75	40	35
Slovak	70	30	40	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	1,040	510	535
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	85	35	50
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	1,630	755	870
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	5	5	0
Celtic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	45	30	15
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	20	15	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	20	15	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	5	0
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	12,280	5,870	6,410
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0	270	110	155	10	5	5
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	7,805	3,690	4,115
German	510	245	270	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	7,320	3,455	3,865
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	5	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	480	230	245
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	3,785	1,850	1,930
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	1,725	850	870
Dutch	105	55	50	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	1,485	720	770
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	60	30	35
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	45	25	20
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	440	215	230
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0	220	100	120	30	20	15
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	670	320	350
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0	615	280	340	220	105	115
Icelandic	15	5	10	0	0	0	175	75	95	50	25	25
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0	260	125	135	95	40	55
Swedish	45	20	25	0	0	0	890	435	450	305	145	160
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	740	355	390	5	5	5
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	5	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	1,915	900	1,015
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	10	5	5	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	263,030	130,695	132,330
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	5	5	5	962,820	490,815	472,000	220,735	110,140	110,605
Assamese	5	5	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	20	15	10
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	2,720	1,410	1,305
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	5	0	5	92,005	47,790	44,215	4,160	2,050	2,115
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	17,670	8,855	8,815
Kacchi	60	30	35	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	455	185	275
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	30	15	10
Konkani	15	5	5	0	0	0	880	415	470	45	20	25
Marathi	160	90	70	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	780	400	380
Nepali	225	115	105	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	1,120	570	555
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	40	20	20
Odia	5	5	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	25	15	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	184,065	91,825	92,240
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	60	30	25
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	130	60	70
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	940	445	495
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	8,235	4,095	4,135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	265	145	125
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	42,285	20,560	21,725
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	40	20	20
Kurdish	220	120	105	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	1,765	900	865
Parsi	15	5	5	0	0	0	280	130	150	75	35	40
Pashto	750	405	350	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	900	490	410
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	39,475	19,095	20,375
Dari	675	320	355	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	3,690	1,785	1,900
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	32,375	15,665	16,710
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	3,405	1,640	1,765
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	475	250	225	35	25	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	125	70	55	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	25	10	15	577,735	273,965	303,770	51,830	25,240	26,590
Catalan	75	30	40	0	0	0	370	185	190	80	40	35
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	4,475	1,930	2,545
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	12,670	6,055	6,615
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	5	5	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	3,620	1,740	1,885
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	20	5	10	317,365	155,005	162,360	30,960	15,455	15,500
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	425	210	220	35	15	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	190	95	95	5	0	0
Japanese	705	285	425	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	10,220	4,190	6,035
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	45,525	20,925	24,600
Mongolian	55	25	30	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	220	115	105
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	1,485	705	780
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	165	85	80
Bamanankan	205	100	105	0	0	0	560	280	280	5	5	0
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0	365	150	215	10	5	5
Éwé	85	45	40	0	0	0	470	225	245	45	20	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	15	10	10
Ga	20	10	10	0	0	0	260	115	150	15	10	5
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0	555	260	295	30	20	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	10	5	10
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	85	40	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	105	50	55
Lingala	570	255	320	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	25	10	10
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	25	10	10	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	10	5	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0	0	0	295	130	160	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	130	60	75
Shona	35	15	20	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	65	35	35
Soninke	95	65	30	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	5	5	0
Swahili	290	155	135	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	375	175	205
Wojenaka	130	50	80	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	600	325	275	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	15	10	5
Yoruba	180	85	90	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	160	80	80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	210	105	110
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	155	75	80
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	30	15	10
Nuer	5	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	20	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	90	40	50
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	140	75	70	20	10	15
Sign languages	515	300	220	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	1,720	970	745
American Sign Language	90	45	40	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	1,390	790	605
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	325	180	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	15	5	5	967,965	450,210	517,755	310,860	141,235	169,630
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	15	5	5	955,685	444,115	511,565	309,165	140,385	168,780
Hakka	75	35	35	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	605	270	335
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	10	5	5	530,945	249,675	281,270	162,130	73,835	88,295
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0	775	370	405	95	45	50
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	6,285	2,850	3,440
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	2,010	930	1,080
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	136,525	61,785	74,745
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	1,455	650	805
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	225	110	115	60	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	1,665	830	835
Burmese	30	10	20	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	670	325	345
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	170	85	85
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	530	270	260
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	475	240	240
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	50	30	20
Tibetan	35	20	15	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	240	130	110
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	60	25	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	290	135	155	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	1,570	655	915
Lao	715	350	370	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	500	235	265
Thai	150	60	90	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	1,010	390	620
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	60	25	30
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	3,030	1,540	1,490
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	295	140	155
Kazakh	5	0	5	0	0	0	105	55	50	15	5	10
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	2,500	1,290	1,205
Uyghur	100	45	60	0	0	0	850	420	435	125	60	60
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0	950	470	480	65	30	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	410	195	210	40	15	25
Uralic languages	695	285	415	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	2,375	1,100	1,280
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	65	30	35
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	500	210	290
Hungarian	675	275	400	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	1,815	855	955
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	390	195	195	20	15	15
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	80	35	45	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	198,040	94,560	103,480
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	15	0	10	230,955	112,070	118,880	7,210	3,415	3,800
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	40	20	20	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	183,010	87,560	95,445
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	10	5	5	125,525	60,405	65,125	535	245	295
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	10	5	10	56,805	27,370	29,430	1,525	735	785
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	5,760	2,605	3,160
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	580	280	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	355	175	180	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	55	25	30	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	304,845	147,605	157,245
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	35	20	15	571,040	268,530	302,510	34,575	15,995	18,575
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	90	35	55	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	379,250	176,935	202,310
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	5,140	2,360	2,785
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	90	35	55	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	374,105	174,580	199,525
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	5	5	5	86,185	42,600	43,585	2,740	1,245	1,490
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	25	10	20	323,845	161,995	161,850	46,940	22,760	24,175
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	10	10	0	134,565	61,575	72,995	11,880	5,335	6,550
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	655	300	360
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	5	5	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	40,580	19,180	21,395
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	585	300	280	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	570	300	275	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	540	270	265	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	345	185	160	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	327,350	145,985	181,370
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	385	170	215	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	1,780,325	838,795	941,525
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	16,560	7,740	8,820
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	1,985	885	1,100
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	60	20	45
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	1,450	675	775
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	15	15	10
Cree languages	150	60	90	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	1,425	660	770
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	10	10	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	95	25	70
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	435	195	245
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	160	80	80
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	745	360	385
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	10	10	0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	65	20	40
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	60	15	40
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	10	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	440	175	260
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	20	15	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	25	10	15
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	400	160	240
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	80	30	45
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	50	10	40
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	275	115	160
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	3,540	1,580	1,955
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	3,490	1,570	1,920
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	1,530	675	855
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	205	100	105
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	205	95	110
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	15	10	10
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	85	30	50
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	25	10	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	10	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	55	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	235	125	105
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	220	125	95
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	15	10	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	855	395	465
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	25	10	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	15	0	10
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	245	120	130
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	35	15	15
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	20	0	20
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	225	80	145
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	205	100	100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	35	20	15
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	30	15	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	310	75	235	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	175	90	90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	100	60	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	45	20	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	90	45	35
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	190	90	105
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	240	100	140
Salish languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	5,145	2,450	2,695
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	1,400	665	735
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	590	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	465	270	200
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	1,060	475	580
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	345	165	175
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	315	130	180
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	690	315	375
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	325	155	170
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	100	60	35
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	15	10	10
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	30	20	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	50	35	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	2,610	1,310	1,295
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	1,120	545	575
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	1,080	585	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	455	205	250
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	2,145	965	1,180
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	285	145	140
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	330	160	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	790	335	460
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	685	300	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	45	20	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	355	165	185
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	285	140	145
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	385	170	215	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	1,764,475	831,400	933,075
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	65	25	40	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	50,895	27,105	23,785
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	235	140	95
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	140	90	45
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	65	30	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	35	20	15
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	315	155	160
Hausa	575	370	210	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	285	135	150
Mina	625	290	340	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	25	20	10
Coptic	745	385	360	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	60	40	25
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	2,745	1,470	1,275
Bilen	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	30	15	20
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	500	280	220
Somali	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	2,215	1,180	1,030
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	50	30	15
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	65	25	40	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	48,405	25,830	22,570
Amharic	780	375	405	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	3,100	1,605	1,495
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	20	10	10	838,045	436,510	401,540	35,595	19,250	16,355
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	2,270	1,165	1,100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	895	495	400
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	1,050	510	535
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	380	190	190
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	20	0	20
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	45	25	30	83,205	42,515	40,685	6,995	3,570	3,430
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	270	130	150
Tigrigna	820	400	420	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	3,435	1,890	1,550
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	60	35	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	45	25	15	260,030	120,035	139,995	44,030	19,965	24,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	2,210	1,020	1,190
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	40	20	15	232,800	107,435	125,355	41,975	19,020	22,950
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	0	0	0	910	455	455	65	30	40
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	125	35	90	793,275	336,445	456,840	148,455	61,285	87,165
Bikol	175	65	110	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	810	370	445
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	1,655	655	1,005
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	5,995	2,485	3,510
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	1,020	500	525
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	3,135	1,215	1,920
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	25	0	20	61,680	25,280	36,400	11,285	4,555	6,725
Indonesian	805	365	440	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	6,810	3,175	3,640
Kankanaey	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	330	115	215
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	0	0	0	860	345	510	200	70	130
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	100	45	60
Merina	655	320	335	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	20	10	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	85	35	50
Malay	355	190	165	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	3,485	1,665	1,820
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	1,550	675	875
Pangasinan	120	55	65	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	925	375	550
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	120	35	85	737,565	310,735	426,830	133,780	54,495	79,285
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	865	360	505
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	3,590	1,580	2,005
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	3,230	1,610	1,615
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	470	225	245
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	265	115	155
Krio	60	25	40	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	160	65	90
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	1,070	520	550
Sango	185	100	80	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	15	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	835	450	385
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	555	280	275
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	20,585	11,060	9,530
Kannada	540	325	215	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	1,615	885	735
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	6,765	3,705	3,060
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	9,740	5,125	4,610
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	4,860	2,760	2,095
Tulu	30	10	10	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	205	110	95
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	970	450	520	45	25	30
Georgian	150	75	70	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	240	140	95
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	160	85	80
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	130	70	55	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	906,560	443,600	462,960
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	2,195	1,045	1,155
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	1,600	765	830
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	50	15	30	820,305	384,390	435,915	101,395	47,765	53,630
Baltic languages	530	215	315	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	1,480	695	790
Latvian	190	85	105	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	730	330	400
Lithuanian	340	135	210	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	750	365	390
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	50	15	30	809,985	380,025	429,960	100,340	47,265	53,075
Belarusian	160	55	105	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	330	140	190
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	2,475	1,190	1,285
Czech	990	455	535	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	7,935	3,815	4,115
Macedonian	215	80	135	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	505	260	245
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	19,640	9,130	10,510
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	45	15	30	309,235	145,375	163,860	42,390	19,800	22,590
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	45	15	25
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	21,625	10,790	10,835
Bosnian	675	315	365	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	3,150	1,540	1,605
Croatian	1,515	775	740	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	11,060	5,345	5,715
Serbian	1,725	840	885	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	11,070	5,640	5,425
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	480	255	225
Slovak	590	250	340	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	4,315	1,945	2,370
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	1,280	585	695
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	12,205	5,430	6,775
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0	770	385	385	70	35	35
Celtic languages	275	150	125	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	2,675	1,430	1,245
Irish	120	65	55	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	1,665	920	745
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	260	130	125
Welsh	35	20	15	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	610	290	320
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0	910	495	415	160	100	55
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	15	10	10	658,705	319,800	338,905	128,605	60,765	67,835
Frisian	40	20	25	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	375	210	165
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	15	10	10	453,995	222,215	231,780	86,275	41,190	45,085
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	84,325	40,275	44,050
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	25	15	15
Swiss German	300	120	175	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	3,030	1,415	1,620
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	15	10	10	20,155	10,105	10,045	480	225	255
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	34,480	16,520	17,965
Afrikaans	205	95	105	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	9,755	5,050	4,705
Dutch	1,645	825	820	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	22,380	10,375	12,005
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	345	175	170
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	55	25	30
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	2,180	1,055	1,130
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	405	200	205
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	12,425	5,520	6,910
Danish	425	190	230	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	4,950	2,235	2,720
Icelandic	45	20	20	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	330	130	200
Norwegian	285	155	130	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	3,125	1,420	1,710
Swedish	820	445	370	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	4,730	2,125	2,610
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	210	135	75
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	9,005	4,630	4,375
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	30	20	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	477,485	240,310	237,175
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	25	25	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	406,375	204,750	201,625
Assamese	35	25	15	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	100	55	45
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	6,565	3,480	3,080
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	20	15	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	14,340	7,060	7,280
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	15	10	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	134,950	67,645	67,300
Kacchi	195	95	95	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	2,925	1,295	1,630
Kashmiri	40	25	15	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	185	95	90
Konkani	155	95	60	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	775	400	370
Marathi	780	440	340	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	3,555	1,910	1,645
Nepali	485	270	220	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	2,445	1,270	1,180
Oriya languages	45	20	35	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	180	90	90
Odia	30	15	15	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	95	45	45
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	85	35	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	315,000	158,625	156,375
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	55	35	20
Sindhi	100	50	50	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	645	350	295
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	3,440	1,630	1,810
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	25,780	13,590	12,190
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	1,645	855	785
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	73,745	37,010	36,730
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	155	85	70
Kurdish	780	465	315	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	3,875	2,110	1,760
Parsi	80	35	40	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	290	115	175
Pashto	1,225	645	580	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	2,645	1,545	1,105
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	68,960	34,500	34,460
Dari	1,280	645	640	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	8,235	4,005	4,230
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	55,745	27,930	27,815
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	5,780	2,995	2,785
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	200	135	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	210	135	75
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	35	20	15	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	211,725	100,750	110,975
Catalan	715	400	315	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	565	270	290
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	36,370	17,200	19,170
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	33,005	16,050	16,955
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	11,210	5,470	5,745
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	30	15	15	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	143,900	68,245	75,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	655	380	275
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	320	135	185
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	41,835	17,590	24,240
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	69,935	31,335	38,600
Mongolian	180	55	120	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	565	250	315
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025	13,290	6,795	6,495
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	1,365	695	670
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	65	40	25
Edo	245	115	125	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	175	85	90
Éwé	865	505	360	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	290	155	135
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	85	30	50
Ga	220	145	75	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	215	125	90
Ganda	75	40	30	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	415	205	215
Gikuyu	45	0	40	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	130	35	100
Igbo	485	280	205	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	980	485	490
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	605	280	325
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	475	260	225
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	60	30	30
Mòoré	620	340	280	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	15	10	0
Mwani	20	15	10	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	10	10	0
Ndebele	115	70	40	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	190	90	105
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	335	130	205
Shona	245	150	95	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	725	345	380
Soninke	465	310	155	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	105	60	40
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	5,205	2,735	2,475
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	25	10	10
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	165	95	70
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	1,815	935	880
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	2,275	1,215	1,060
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	670	315	350
Dinka	10	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	115	55	60
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	60	30	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	490	235	265
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	130	75	55
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	7,965	3,150	4,815
American Sign Language	495	160	330	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	7,020	2,700	4,320
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	15	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	1,105	515	595
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	45	20	15	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	491,660	225,430	266,230
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	45	20	15	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	488,465	223,825	264,650
Hakka	335	170	160	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	3,615	1,645	1,970
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	25	15	10	987,300	452,995	534,305	312,625	140,985	171,640
Min Dong	35	20	20	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	215	90	130
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	24,065	10,615	13,450
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	4,760	2,020	2,740
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	246,045	112,580	133,465
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	2,215	1,025	1,190
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	255	135	125
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	3,375	1,710	1,665
Burmese	65	10	60	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	1,730	870	865
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	295	130	165
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	770	375	395
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	705	340	365
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	85	45	45
Tibetan	95	50	50	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	590	320	270
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	275	150	125
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	215	95	120
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	6,725	2,635	4,085
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	1,635	735	900
Thai	1,085	390	695	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	5,310	1,960	3,350
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0	800	330	465	170	85	95
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	10,910	5,605	5,305
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	1,665	880	790
Kazakh	60	35	25	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	230	70	165
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	9,230	4,805	4,425
Uyghur	205	95	110	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	235	115	125
Uzbek	140	85	55	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	275	135	135
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	295	125	170
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	13,510	6,345	7,165
Estonian	85	35	50	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	695	310	385
Finnish	245	120	125	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	3,635	1,675	1,960
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	9,230	4,395	4,840
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	585	285	300
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	585	300	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	290,210	141,210	148,995
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	279,670	136,400	143,265
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	180,085	87,860	92,225
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	97,860	47,745	50,120
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	1,720	795	925
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	5,980	2,730	3,245
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	4,560	2,075	2,485
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	585	300	285	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	585	300	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	136,875	66,610	70,265
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	585	300	285	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	115	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	1,363,190	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	85	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	669,450	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	9,190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	15	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	482,755	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	190	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	1,559,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	30,855	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	35	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	354,020	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	50	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	569,180	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	100	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	539,910	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	20	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	547,870	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	90	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	766,380	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	35	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	300,895	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	25	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	248,045	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	30	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	205,105	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	20	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	521,410	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	5.2	...	...	6.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	200	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	1,984,655	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	57,180	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	170	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	1,919,140	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	35	...	...	805,650	...	...	122,700	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	120	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	256,175	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	55	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	550,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	15	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	289,940	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	10	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	336,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	122,855	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	164,165	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	135,725	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	185,965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	185	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	1,922,640	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	20	...	...	919,545	...	...	119,195	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	100	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	1,003,245	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	90	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	904,960	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	20	...	...	687,485	...	...	133,630	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	57,980	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	25	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	282,195	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	40	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	343,380	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	35	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	354,340	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	40	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	407,735	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	35	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	347,335	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	15	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	182,155	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	10	...	...	457,900	...	...	66,710	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	205	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	1,988,210	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	160	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	1,481,365	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	45	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	506,850	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	35	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	434,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	2,041,830	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	100	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	683,985	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	40	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	451,550	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	30	...	...	595,110	...	...	89,300	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	20	...	...	645,465	...	...	80,200	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	23,945	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	29,585	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	7,640	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	1,770	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	110	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	1,357,845	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	195	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	1,915,755	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	20	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	257,090	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	180	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	1,658,665	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	115	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	1,330,795	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	65.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	13.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,640	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,640	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	785,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	630,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	983,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	85	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	663,870	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	29.4	...	...	33.2	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	23.5	...	...	20.0	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	950	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	1,000	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	9,190	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	368	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	585	300	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	120,245	59,370	60,880
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	118,210	58,475	59,730
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	100,805	49,745	51,060
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	16,830	8,485	8,350
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	570	245	325
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	2,040	890	1,145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	1,870	830	1,040
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	70	40	35
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	60	15	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	35	10	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	191,640	92,300	99,335
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	184,975	89,155	95,825
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	123,735	59,635	64,100
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	59,905	28,840	31,070
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	1,330	680	655
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	6,665	3,145	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	6,390	3,035	3,360
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	170	60	110
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	80	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0	0	0	330	125	210	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	585	300	285	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	580	300	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	520	270	250	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	105	60	45	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	812,305	418,815	393,495
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	415	210	210	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	65	35	35	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	556,895	267,560	289,330
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	580	300	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	255	140	115	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	315	160	160	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	1,425,710	665,630	760,085
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	40	10	30	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	280,160	133,415	146,745
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	65	40	25	924,320	443,805	480,520	164,445	76,815	87,630
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	85	50	40	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	299,115	137,275	161,840
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	75	30	45	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	316,915	145,825	171,090
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	45	25	20	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	365,075	172,295	192,780
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	10	10	0	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	167,650	78,200	89,450
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	30	20	15	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	197,425	94,095	103,325
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	20	0	10	924,850	499,490	425,365	171,000	87,440	83,560
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	315	155	160	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	1,425,715	665,630	760,085
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	10	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	117,555	59,560	57,995
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	55	25	25	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	226,910	116,660	110,250
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	75	35	45	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	275,435	124,860	150,575
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	165	90	80	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	639,200	288,950	350,255
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	10	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	166,605	75,600	91,010
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	315	155	160	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	1,425,715	665,630	760,085
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	35	20	15	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	126,075	58,445	67,635
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	8,765	4,120	4,645
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	5,450	2,440	3,010
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	5,770	2,990	2,780
Guyana	1,350	660	690	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	1,400	585	815
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	490	285	210
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	4,295	2,190	2,105
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	13,385	5,910	7,480
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	3,510	1,535	1,975
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	2,725	1,255	1,470
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	15	15	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	59,920	27,535	32,380
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	10	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	20,355	9,600	10,760
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	55	35	25	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	307,495	151,050	156,445
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	4,510	2,205	2,305
Croatia	760	390	375	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	5,390	2,670	2,725
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	7,025	3,650	3,380
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	30,910	14,710	16,200
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	3,350	1,895	1,460
Hungary	1,365	650	720	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	5,115	2,395	2,720
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	13,410	6,920	6,490
Netherlands	500	310	190	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	16,070	7,985	8,085
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	14,305	6,610	7,700
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	7,785	3,765	4,020
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	9,370	4,490	4,885
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	12,170	5,240	6,930
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	4,565	2,275	2,285
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	15	10	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	9,450	4,390	5,060
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	116,525	58,485	58,045
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	47,545	23,380	24,170
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	25	15	15	821,735	412,365	409,375	53,330	27,245	26,085
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	510	325	185
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	1,005	540	465
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	3,310	1,900	1,410
Eritrea	495	250	250	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	2,485	1,440	1,050
Ethiopia	660	305	355	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	2,590	1,305	1,285
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	1,270	610	655
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	3,585	1,880	1,700
Somalia	400	200	200	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	1,240	625	620
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	15,380	7,710	7,670
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	21,955	10,905	11,050
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	205	90	110	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	905,585	412,460	493,125
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	6,245	3,065	3,185
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	45,970	23,175	22,795
Iraq	1,610	890	725	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	7,000	3,750	3,245
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	2,455	1,390	1,065
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	6,545	3,420	3,130
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	3,095	1,690	1,410
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	25	15	10	715,835	317,970	397,860	217,970	94,905	123,065
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	78,855	36,815	42,035
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	47,520	21,345	26,180
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	40,445	18,100	22,340
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	110	35	75	719,580	305,115	414,460	131,645	54,350	77,300
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	25	15	10	182,095	82,670	99,425	32,390	14,475	17,915
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	3,035	1,520	1,520
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	15	10	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	197,115	96,630	100,480
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	13,345	6,910	6,430
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	5,375	2,595	2,775
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	30	15	10	375,340	175,930	199,410	66,580	28,320	38,260
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	33,225	16,430	16,800
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	30	20	15	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	197,420	94,095	103,330
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	22,835	10,990	11,850
Brazil	1,105	455	645	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	5,130	2,430	2,695
Colombia	1,260	575	685	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	1,075	495	580
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	35	25	15
Jamaica	135	70	60	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	1,005	515	490
Mexico	1,320	690	625	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	3,045	1,450	1,595
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	8,760	4,325	4,430
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	530	205	330
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	3,265	1,545	1,720
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	25,290	13,375	11,920
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	1,730	935	795
Germany	235	130	105	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	1,380	680	705
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	2,420	1,485	935
Italy	420	260	160	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	995	555	445
Russian Federation	625	235	390	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	2,075	835	1,235
Ukraine	750	355	395	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	1,935	885	1,045
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	7,675	4,510	3,165
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	7,090	3,490	3,605
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	10,465	5,545	4,915
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	65	40	20
Burundi	715	385	335	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	110	35	75
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	120	70	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	340	205	140
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	40	25	10
Egypt	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	610	350	255
Eritrea	275	145	125	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	1,515	935	585
Ethiopia	90	40	45	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	620	340	275
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	275	115	160
Nigeria	550	310	240	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	1,770	925	845
Somalia	40	25	20	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	255	130	125
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	1,965	945	1,015
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	235	115	120
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	115	60	55
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	2,420	1,245	1,180
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	30	15	15	823,205	393,110	430,090	134,395	61,590	72,805
Afghanistan	180	95	85	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	1,325	700	625
Bangladesh	960	465	495	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	655	340	315
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	31,450	13,060	18,390
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	2,515	1,125	1,390
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	39,390	20,140	19,245
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	5,850	2,865	2,980
Iraq	245	145	100	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	1,545	840	705
Israel	145	90	60	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	605	365	240
Japan	185	55	130	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	2,090	500	1,590
Jordan	355	160	195	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	395	200	195
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	7,220	2,935	4,280
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	395	175	215
Nepal	180	110	75	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	405	195	205
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	2,390	1,300	1,090
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	21,220	9,170	12,055
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	565	340	230
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	710	330	380
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	4,955	2,635	2,320
Turkey	520	295	225	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	1,025	615	410
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	620	305	320
Viet Nam	910	395	515	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	2,845	995	1,850
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	6,215	2,450	3,770
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	4,440	2,600	1,840
Australia	195	125	65	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	3,280	1,965	1,315
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	1,160	630	530
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	585	300	280	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	350	170	180	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	1,657,625	783,205	874,415
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	190	95	95	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	1,068,600	536,615	531,985
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	45	40	10	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	275	150	130	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	1,145,550	532,215	613,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	190	90	95	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	661,395	320,875	340,525
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	85	45	40	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	273,695	157,230	116,470
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	105	50	55	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	387,700	163,640	224,055
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	70	45	25	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	372,185	152,795	219,390
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	20	15	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	97,720	52,250	45,470
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	14,250	6,295	7,960
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	275	150	130	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	1,145,550	532,215	613,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	10	0	10	416,105	222,895	193,205	27,320	15,640	11,685
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	60	10	40	705,405	324,370	381,035	138,760	59,130	79,630
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	15	15	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	40,690	20,075	20,615
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	71,860	33,525	38,335
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	5,145	2,030	3,110
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	190	110	80	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	861,775	401,815	459,965
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	585	305	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	335	160	175	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	1,689,490	810,165	879,325
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	25	20	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	473,965	240,475	233,495
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	25	15	10	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	550,590	257,590	293,000
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	30	15	15	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	61,760	31,965	29,790
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	135	45	90	957,355	427,755	529,600	174,280	76,070	98,210
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	15	0	0	694,015	362,845	331,170	28,010	15,015	12,995
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	10	10	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	65,970	31,960	34,015
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	65	30	30	390,340	184,120	206,220	71,785	33,340	38,445
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	69,270	34,800	34,470
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	72,815	33,390	39,425
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	44,120	18,335	25,790
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	18,080	8,935	9,145
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	30	15	15	331,805	160,790	171,010	58,840	28,295	30,540
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	250	135	110	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	585	300	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	35	25	10	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	459,320	236,305	223,015
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	0	0	0	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	1,019,250	499,340	519,910
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	0	0	0	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	627,920	297,705	330,215
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	0	0	0	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	774,455	376,280	398,170
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	0	0	0	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	312,750	150,460	162,290
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	0	0	0	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	539,145	263,480	275,665
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	40	25	10	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	517,805	242,015	275,785
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	0	0	0	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	162,485	81,275	81,205
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	30	25	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	275,975	138,885	137,090
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	15	10	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	210,100	102,030	108,065
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	189,985	94,390	95,600
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	25	20	10	982,820	472,290	510,525	134,635	63,780	70,850
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	0	0	0	981,635	490,130	491,510	6,240	3,120	3,120
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	191,025	94,050	96,980
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	135	45	85	925,490	414,915	510,570	172,915	75,990	96,930
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	39,930	19,400	20,535
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	82,175	42,475	39,700
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	105,005	51,270	53,735
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	85,205	41,265	43,930
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	102,475	51,755	50,715
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	55	30	25	548,140	260,075	288,065	121,755	58,460	63,295
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	137,170	65,790	71,385
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	104,225	49,190	55,035
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	39,755	19,465	20,290
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	20	15	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	71,530	34,865	36,660
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570	54,365	25,030	29,335
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	103,630	48,520	55,115
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	51,915	25,060	26,855
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	7,025	3,455	3,575
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	19,050	9,780	9,275
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	15	10	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	18,520	9,370	9,150
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	65	30	35	282,015	141,530	140,490	34,395	17,265	17,135
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	93,395	47,650	45,740
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	55	30	20	275,530	131,075	144,445	51,890	24,430	27,455
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	12,590	6,755	5,840
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	23,300	11,910	11,390
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	9,865	5,140	4,725
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	47,650	22,170	25,480
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	24,875	11,715	13,160
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	72,025	33,110	38,915
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	15	10	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	30,195	14,590	15,605
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	8,440	4,310	4,135
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	49,390	24,720	24,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	13,865	6,995	6,870
Danish	1,820	845	970	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	54,865	26,740	28,130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	24,140	11,670	12,470
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	69,100	35,355	33,750
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	45,280	21,810	23,465
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	19,505	9,395	10,110
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	1,215	640	575
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	19,405	10,140	9,265
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	28,445	14,140	14,305
Mennonite	385	195	195	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	20,925	10,530	10,395
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	28,520	13,995	14,525
Finnish	1,000	425	580	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	33,680	16,290	17,390
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	6,440	3,210	3,235
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	23,750	11,645	12,100
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	54,640	23,430	31,215
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	20,125	9,935	10,190
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	4,840	2,340	2,500
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	30,950	14,970	15,980
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	8,220	4,150	4,065
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	5,810	3,125	2,685
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	11,730	5,675	6,055
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	3,380	1,835	1,545
Icelandic	345	205	145	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	25,910	12,770	13,135
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	7,315	3,555	3,760
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	10	10	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	2,020	980	1,035
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	22,425	10,920	11,505
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	6,550	3,350	3,195
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	2,420	1,240	1,180
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	9,605	4,725	4,875
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	4,515	2,250	2,260
Serbian	1,755	835	920	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	12,660	6,575	6,080
Ojibway	250	130	125	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	5,145	2,565	2,580
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	4,530	2,415	2,115
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	30,020	14,470	15,550
Ontarian	795	370	430	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	3,315	1,570	1,750
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	19,155	9,840	9,315
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	4,120	2,075	2,050
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	8,070	4,185	3,895
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	2,120	1,005	1,110
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	3,740	1,930	1,810
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	35	15	20	73,770	38,035	35,740	915	545	370
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	12,435	6,005	6,430
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	4,110	2,075	2,040
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	4,040	2,075	1,960
Slovak	1,375	640	735	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	11,565	5,520	6,045
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	11,810	5,340	6,470
Somali	1,155	550	610	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	2,665	1,460	1,205
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	37,530	17,430	20,100
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	4,590	2,350	2,240
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	6,580	3,285	3,295
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	1,640	805	830
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	10,735	5,070	5,670
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	5,140	2,630	2,510
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	2,715	1,245	1,465
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	1,880	965	915
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	1,855	835	1,025
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	7,330	3,450	3,885
South African	465	220	245	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	13,965	6,930	7,035
Australian	830	405	425	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	18,505	9,575	8,925
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	2,750	1,470	1,280
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	6,220	3,100	3,125
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	1,500	780	715
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	2,015	885	1,125
Ethiopian	965	495	475	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	2,720	1,275	1,440
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	5,295	2,430	2,870
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	4,260	1,975	2,285
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	1,350	720	635
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	3,350	1,545	1,805
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	605	370	235
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	2,455	1,180	1,280
Maltese	360	200	160	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	2,750	1,340	1,420
Macedonian	325	165	160	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	1,235	605	630
Slovenian	825	365	455	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	5,340	2,485	2,855
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	7,865	3,860	4,005
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	875	430	445
Gujarati	880	475	405	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	2,670	1,335	1,340
Eritrean	615	305	310	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	2,245	1,230	1,015
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	1,535	790	750
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	10	10	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	3,645	1,850	1,800
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	2,355	1,205	1,155
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	6,545	2,955	3,585
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	3,720	1,785	1,930
Albertan	100	35	65	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	3,430	1,690	1,735
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	1,670	905	770
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	1,950	985	970
African American	1,600	790	810	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	4,500	2,320	2,180
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	5,580	2,605	2,975
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	550	285	265
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	5,285	2,660	2,625
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	1,770	895	870
Bosnian	510	245	270	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	3,785	1,910	1,875
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	1,835	810	1,025
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	180	70	110
Latvian	625	330	295	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	4,860	2,450	2,415
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	1,370	745	625
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	335	220	120
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	2,415	1,320	1,095
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	8,440	3,890	4,550
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	2,485	1,160	1,320
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	4,765	2,115	2,655
Northern Irish	310	160	150	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	4,550	2,245	2,305
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	5,445	2,660	2,785
British Columbian	90	40	50	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	20,450	10,360	10,085
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	1,135	545	595
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	360	155	205
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	2,625	1,260	1,365
Estonian	365	215	150	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	4,695	2,200	2,495
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	3,375	1,830	1,550
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	16,120	7,710	8,410
Jatt	390	185	205	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	8,370	4,345	4,025
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	2,695	1,480	1,210
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	760	445	315
Thai	1,150	395	755	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	5,745	2,120	3,630
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	860	415	445
Nepali	430	240	185	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	2,305	1,130	1,170
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	75	30	40
Assyrian	345	150	200	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	695	415	285
Igbo	565	325	240	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	890	445	440
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	2,610	1,250	1,355
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	1,025	505	520
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	2,015	1,025	990
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	215	135	80
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	1,415	655	755
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	1,285	640	650
New Zealander	265	150	115	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	7,840	3,965	3,875
Sudanese	300	155	145	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	945	460	485
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	365	185	175
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	1,655	660	995
Malaysian	375	205	165	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	5,420	2,535	2,885
Plains Cree	35	15	20	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	715	360	355
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	780	450	330
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	390	205	190
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	2,890	1,400	1,490
Buddhist	690	295	400	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	2,950	1,390	1,565
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	90	65	35
Norman	1,850	905	940	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	745	505	240
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	1,830	830	1,005
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	135	80	55
Saulteaux	35	10	15	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	845	445	400
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	935	430	500
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	380	180	200
Tigrinya	370	210	160	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	1,145	660	485
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	1,890	880	1,010
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	1,160	565	595
Kenyan	210	95	115	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	2,215	1,050	1,165
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	250	120	130
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	345	165	180
Jordanian	770	430	340	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	925	465	460
Manitoban	110	45	60	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	1,760	855	905
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	420	160	255
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	635	320	320
Grenadian	910	350	560	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	350	180	170
Malayali	335	185	150	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	980	520	465
Chaldean	110	40	75	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	850	420	430
Sinhalese	310	150	165	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	1,285	605	680
Mayan	1,695	900	795	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	1,855	960	895
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	1,500	760	740
Cherokee	195	90	100	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	2,920	1,345	1,570
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	150	95	55
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	385	200	190
Flemish	520	265	255	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	1,540	705	830
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	905	485	420
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	105	50	55
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	1,400	740	660
Sicilian	970	495	470	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	935	495	440
Pashtun	475	245	220	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	945	465	475
Malay	300	135	165	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	2,625	1,255	1,370
Goan	115	55	60	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	750	365	380
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	320	155	165
Tibetan	135	65	70	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	715	355	360
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	1,240	615	620
Burmese	225	105	120	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	2,225	1,120	1,100
Mongolian	480	210	270	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	1,955	890	1,065
Azorean	730	310	415	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	380	195	185
Atikamekw	325	145	180	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	55	25	35
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	75	35	35
Ugandan	100	55	50	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	1,145	510	635
Oromo	50	25	25	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	575	320	255
Tanzanian	175	85	90	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	945	470	475
Yemeni	515	275	240	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	420	195	220
Central African	1,415	675	740	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	35	20	15
Libyan	590	320	270	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	650	390	260
Basque	980	515	465	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	1,165	620	545
Uruguayan	785	450	335	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	515	290	230
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	405	200	195
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	655	260	395
Igorot	290	105	185	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	1,330	590	730
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	85	40	50
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	105	55	50
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	135	70	65
St. Lucian	255	100	155	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	180	110	70
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	280	145	135
Maliseet	200	70	135	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	100	40	55
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	100	50	50
Telugu	180	125	55	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	615	340	280
Roma	235	110	125	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	1,205	600	600
Costa Rican	720	425	295	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	1,075	485	585
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	145	60	85
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	110	55	55
Kashmiri	75	40	30	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	545	260	285
Singaporean	75	55	15	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	2,630	1,165	1,460
Karen	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	980	520	460
Edo	290	130	155	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	205	95	105
Tajik	100	45	55	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	665	335	335
Amhara	95	45	45	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	305	165	140
Paraguayan	90	35	60	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	1,095	570	520
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	585	300	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	40	20	20	356,975	157,435	199,540	83,860	35,040	48,825
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	215	95	120	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	1,684,870	766,705	918,165
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	35	15	20	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	434,920	203,070	231,850
Anabaptist	195	80	120	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	21,275	10,210	11,065
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	137,485	59,595	77,885
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	10	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	57,265	25,770	31,495
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	150	60	90	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	588,140	272,340	315,805
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	10	10	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	45,135	21,835	23,300
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	25,715	11,245	14,470
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	12,875	5,795	7,075
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	46,395	20,205	26,185
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	7,290	3,295	3,995
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	41,140	18,550	22,585
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	28,040	12,260	15,780
Reformed	310	150	165	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	12,455	6,050	6,400
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	129,000	51,815	77,185
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	97,745	44,660	53,085
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	25	20	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	81,320	42,070	39,245
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	185	95	95	335,295	164,220	171,070	26,850	12,980	13,870
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	35	25	10	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	125,915	63,375	62,535
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	290,870	145,740	145,130
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	11,570	5,495	6,075
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	51,440	20,890	30,555
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	80	45	35	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	580	300	285	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	515	255	260	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	65	40	25	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	706,245	346,115	360,130
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	60	35	25	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	395,215	193,080	202,135
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	10	10	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	311,030	153,035	157,990
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	251,245	123,785	127,455
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	187,990	92,090	95,900
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	63,250	31,695	31,555
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	59,785	29,250	30,535
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	560	285	270	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	410	205	200	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	155	85	70	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	100	60	40	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	757,040	372,900	384,135
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	55	25	30	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	1,303,200	640,680	662,520
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	35	15	20	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	1,016,025	498,920	517,105
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	30	15	20	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	799,455	390,525	408,935
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	0	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650	216,565	108,395	108,170
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	20	0	15	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	287,175	141,765	145,415
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	495	250	245	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	50	20	30	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	643,330	341,470	301,860
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	440	230	210	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	320	190	135	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	20	15	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	259,010	148,785	110,220
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	305	175	130	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	495	250	245	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	50	20	30	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	565,665	292,000	273,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	130	65	60	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	1,238,000	610,685	627,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	315	165	150	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	140	70	70	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	1,197,050	598,425	598,620
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	40	20	20	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	323,635	243,815	79,815
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	35	20	10	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	133,020	78,330	54,685
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	10	0	10	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	190,615	165,490	25,130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	80	40	40	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	711,810	289,555	422,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	20	0	15	896,755	372,560	524,195	161,600	65,055	96,545
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	175	100	80	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	1,199,710	547,285	652,420
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	115	55	60	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	775,145	347,145	427,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	10	10	0	556,510	243,200	313,310	84,000	34,915	49,085
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	32,985	18,045	14,945
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	45	30	15	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	264,145	121,485	142,660
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	43,440	25,700	17,740
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	320	185	135	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	15	10	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	216,660	122,720	93,935
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	55	35	15	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	694,785	358,700	336,090
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	250	135	110	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	1,780,415	831,840	948,575
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	110	60	50	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	838,680	416,930	421,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	40	20	15	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	217,350	164,860	52,495
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	30	20	10	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	88,765	52,645	36,115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	10	0	10	836,220	693,830	142,395	128,590	112,210	16,375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	55	35	25	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	507,405	206,015	301,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	15	0	15	623,090	261,035	362,050	113,915	46,055	67,865
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	140	80	60	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	941,735	414,910	526,830
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	100	55	45	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	610,735	267,470	343,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	10	10	0	430,875	179,230	251,645	63,310	25,280	38,030
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	24,675	11,985	12,690
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	30	15	20	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	212,745	93,655	119,090
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	30,275	16,520	13,755
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	495	250	240	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	180	90	95	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	1,803,665	902,685	900,990
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	20	0	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	158,060	37,395	120,670
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	20	0	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	158,060	37,395	120,670
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	10	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	109,100	46,770	62,330
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	13,390	9,570	3,815
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	10	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	95,715	37,200	58,510
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	20	15	0	926,560	354,120	572,440	143,340	55,460	87,875
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	10	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	16,850	3,705	13,145
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	35,465	10,360	25,105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	48,620	19,020	29,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	2,860	1,075	1,780
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	7,705	4,630	3,075
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	12,220	7,385	4,835
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	16,035	8,595	7,450
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	3,580	695	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	50	15	40	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	288,970	102,380	186,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	5,140	1,360	3,780
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	31,375	11,580	19,795
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	10	0	10	344,150	27,905	316,240	39,140	3,530	35,610
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	44,255	15,575	28,680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	6,625	2,525	4,105
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	10	0	10	327,965	79,295	248,665	52,080	13,955	38,125
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	25	15	15	705,540	336,960	368,580	110,350	53,860	56,495
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	95	50	40	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	493,290	201,060	292,230
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	645	220	425
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	30,855	6,685	24,175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	90	45	40	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	461,790	194,160	267,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	10	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	106,515	54,495	52,015
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	44,910	19,580	25,330
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	25,655	12,030	13,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	1,880	665	1,220
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	30,600	21,085	9,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	3,470	1,140	2,330
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	15	10	0	804,230	531,435	272,795	105,555	69,245	36,310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	15	10	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	83,795	58,985	24,810
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	6,145	865	5,280
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	13,030	7,715	5,320
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	2,580	1,680	900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	45	45	0	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	458,590	409,460	49,135
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	19,025	11,490	7,535
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	10	10	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	119,995	96,730	23,260
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	15	15	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	83,585	73,495	10,085
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	580	190	390	115	45	75
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	10	10	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	104,445	101,120	3,325
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	15	15	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	86,325	83,625	2,700
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	45,110	42,955	2,150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	60,510	33,885	26,625
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	31,920	15,075	16,845
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	28,595	18,815	9,775
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	45	15	25	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	350,930	73,605	277,325
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	27,000	13,530	13,470
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	40	15	25	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	312,980	53,940	259,035
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	725	175	550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	10,230	5,960	4,270
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	10	0	10	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	121,210	61,715	59,495
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	10	0	10	548,520	151,115	397,410	76,425	24,575	51,850
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	505	435	75
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	1,025	930	95
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	15,820	11,280	4,540
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	27,425	24,490	2,935
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	685	235	450
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	325	185	135	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	70	55	20	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	911,450	481,425	430,025
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	20	0	20	742,175	158,185	583,990	99,640	21,315	78,320
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	20	0	20	742,175	158,185	583,990	99,640	21,315	78,320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	85,350	36,335	49,005
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	9,815	6,950	2,860
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	75,530	29,385	46,145
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	20	15	0	649,695	241,235	408,465	103,360	38,515	64,845
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	12,735	2,545	10,190
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	25,770	7,190	18,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	35,310	13,320	21,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	1,895	745	1,150
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	5,780	3,440	2,335
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	7,845	4,740	3,105
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	11,615	6,050	5,565
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	2,410	480	1,930
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	35	10	25	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	226,805	76,655	150,150
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	4,220	1,075	3,145
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	26,730	9,590	17,150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	10	0	10	270,970	20,095	250,875	29,960	2,705	27,260
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	34,935	10,780	24,150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	5,150	1,960	3,185
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	10	0	10	249,205	55,840	193,365	39,250	9,600	29,645
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	10	10	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	86,555	40,945	45,615
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	65	40	25	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	379,485	152,040	227,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	445	140	300
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	22,625	4,535	18,095
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	65	40	25	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	356,415	147,365	209,055
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	10	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	77,340	37,350	39,990
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	33,945	14,030	19,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	18,520	8,355	10,165
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	1,545	520	1,030
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	21,390	13,835	7,555
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	1,935	610	1,330
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	15	10	0	667,305	445,970	221,330	87,185	58,400	28,785
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	15	10	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	72,700	51,710	20,995
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	3,600	540	3,060
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	8,865	4,890	3,975
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	2,010	1,265	755
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	35	35	0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	327,735	286,655	41,080
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	14,690	8,220	6,480
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	0	0	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	93,760	73,350	20,400
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	15	15	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	57,590	49,650	7,940
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	510	160	350	100	35	70
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	10	10	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	74,045	71,450	2,595
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	15	15	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	57,950	55,995	1,950
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	29,605	27,965	1,640
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	45,705	23,930	21,775
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	23,700	10,410	13,290
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	22,005	13,520	8,485
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	30	10	20	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	258,665	55,710	202,960
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	20,980	10,585	10,395
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	30	10	20	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	229,855	41,240	188,620
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	580	90	490
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	7,245	3,790	3,455
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	10	0	10	772,450	399,835	372,615	88,615	44,750	43,865
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	10	0	10	414,520	112,935	301,590	56,165	18,390	37,775
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	305	240	65
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	450	410	40
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	12,270	8,530	3,740
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	19,425	17,180	2,240
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	535	180	355
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	325	185	135	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	70	55	20	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	911,450	481,425	430,025
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	245	130	115	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	1,780,415	831,835	948,580
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	150	80	75	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	1,316,405	622,255	694,150
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	150	80	75	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	1,029,000	480,420	548,580
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	0	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	287,405	141,835	145,570
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	95	55	40	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	464,010	209,580	254,430
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	10	10	0	483,810	238,040	245,775	84,155	40,735	43,420
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	10	10	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	57,255	28,610	28,650
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	8,850	3,950	4,895
Cuba	1,340	685	660	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	310	150	160
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	20	15	0
Jamaica	110	70	45	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	655	290	365
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	8,395	3,865	4,530
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	2,315	1,005	1,310
Peru	1,375	580	795	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	945	345	595
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	815	345	470
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	4,590	2,160	2,430
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	20	15	0	543,725	281,205	262,520	92,195	46,985	45,210
Belgium	1,775	910	865	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	755	430	325
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	20	15	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	5,075	2,645	2,425
Germany	1,035	560	475	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	5,805	2,975	2,830
Netherlands	465	260	205	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	2,315	1,265	1,055
Switzerland	965	570	400	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	1,915	905	1,010
Hungary	195	105	95	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	945	430	515
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	455	200	255
Poland	815	285	530	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	2,960	1,320	1,645
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	3,515	1,720	1,795
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	5,880	2,560	3,325
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	4,345	1,945	2,395
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	5,665	3,255	2,410
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	38,270	20,230	18,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	840	410	430
Italy	1,325	760	565	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	1,610	890	720
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	1,565	845	720
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	10,275	4,955	5,320
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	12,250	6,465	5,785
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	1,315	690	630
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	130	85	45
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	470	255	215
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	160	75	85
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	1,490	800	690
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	5,860	3,055	2,800
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	2,825	1,510	1,315
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	55	20	35	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	258,905	106,700	152,210
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	16,325	7,150	9,175
Iraq	330	180	150	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	1,465	830	635
Israel	520	285	235	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	1,345	690	660
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	550	260	295
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	805	405	400
Turkey	695	400	295	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	1,680	995	680
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	59,350	24,555	34,795
Taiwan	365	150	220	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	8,905	2,985	5,915
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	7,025	2,820	4,210
Japan	800	300	500	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	8,185	1,960	6,230
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	19,605	7,220	12,385
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	35	15	25	305,795	115,370	190,420	55,140	20,255	34,880
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	2,145	625	1,520
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	1,135	485	650
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	975	480	490
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	60,565	28,910	31,655
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	3,935	1,855	2,080
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	9,780	4,215	5,565
Oceania	1,305	730	575	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	16,505	8,700	7,810
Australia	1,095	610	490	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	12,315	6,385	5,930
New Zealand	165	100	70	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	3,340	1,855	1,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	855	465	390
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	495	250	245	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	350	185	170	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	295	160	135	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	50	25	25	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	223,675	113,655	110,015
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	145	65	75	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	1,543,145	670,020	873,130
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	70.7	74.0	69.4	63.7	67.7	59.8	63.3	67.3	59.4
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	59.6	64.0	55.1	57.1	60.9	53.4	57.9	61.7	54.3
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	14.3	13.5	14.7	10.3	9.9	10.7	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	495	250	245	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	185	85	100	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	1,563,830	685,205	878,625
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	310	165	145	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	135	75	65	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	1,350,335	768,255	582,080
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	175	95	80	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	1,286,260	594,930	691,330
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	37.8	36.8	38.8	41.0	41.7	40.3	40.9	41.8	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	345	185	165	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	25	10	20	486,865	237,950	248,915	54,165	26,325	27,835
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	320	175	145	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	285	140	145	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	230	130	105	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	1,788,175	913,100	875,070
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	50	10	40	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	356,305	163,045	193,255
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	25	0	25	867,740	386,965	480,775	116,190	53,010	63,190
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	30	10	20	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	240,110	110,035	130,070
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	35	35	0	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	458,635	275,905	182,735
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	345	185	165	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	25	10	20	486,865	237,950	248,915	54,165	26,325	27,835
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	320	175	145	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	32,255	22,375	9,885
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	70	35	35	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	446,160	137,765	308,395
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	20	20	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	209,185	158,605	50,580
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	30	0	25	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	199,185	43,765	155,415
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	25	0	20	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	309,360	103,155	206,205
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	10	10	0	596,785	275,420	321,360	110,585	52,240	58,340
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	115	55	60	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	666,705	293,530	373,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	30	30	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	469,450	425,905	43,545
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	72,075	51,750	20,325
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	25	15	15	857,540	612,415	245,120	88,155	62,965	25,185
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	345	185	165	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	25	10	20	486,865	237,950	248,915	54,165	26,325	27,835
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	320	175	145	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	60,320	38,580	21,735
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	24,955	20,610	4,350
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	14,820	10,765	4,050
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	0	0	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	234,345	201,185	33,155
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	20	20	10	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	152,790	107,750	45,035
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	15	0	15	610,295	406,960	203,335	80,165	53,130	27,035
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	55	25	35	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	301,060	142,230	158,830
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	10	10	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	142,230	108,095	34,135
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	0	0	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	71,295	43,800	27,495
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	20	10	10	815,225	358,145	457,080	95,560	41,275	54,290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	10	10	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	59,155	31,515	27,640
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	45	40	0	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	238,650	131,495	107,150
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	5,785	2,740	3,040
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	20	20	0	792,600	457,880	334,725	110,215	62,865	47,350
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	25	0	25	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	192,855	62,310	130,545
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	30	0	25	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	319,525	64,150	255,375
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	10	10	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	60,775	30,215	30,560
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	30	15	15	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	182,105	78,435	103,670
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	25	0	15	797,935	373,775	424,165	113,780	50,100	63,680
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	0	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	142,730	70,795	71,940
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	335	175	155	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	115	50	65	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	50	35	15	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	3,090	850	2,240
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	52,925	27,750	25,180
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	140	60	80
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	52,790	27,690	25,100
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	115	65	50	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	21,550	8,765	12,785
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	20	10	15	570,220	291,000	279,220	154,255	76,820	77,440
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	10	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	80	30	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	15	10	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	2,520	1,160	1,360
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	3,840	2,000	1,840
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	335	175	155	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	250	135	115	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	245	135	110	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	160	80	85	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	80	55	30	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	6,430	1,740	4,690
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	10	0	10	310,455	161,825	148,635	93,520	48,430	45,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	290	85	200
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	55	15	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	55	15	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	10	0	10	291,025	152,095	138,925	93,230	48,340	44,890
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	520	320	205
Berber languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	15	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	500	320	185
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	20	10	10
Arabic	1,190	670	520	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	355	250	110
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	25	10	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	40	0	0	0	585	240	340	60	20	40
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	45	25	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	2,720	1,070	1,645
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	0	0	0	495	215	285	30	15	15
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	2,695	1,060	1,630
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	855	430	420
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	20	15	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	40	25	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	85	50	45
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	680	335	340
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	50	30	20	15	10	0
Creole languages	210	95	110	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	75	35	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0	250	140	110	15	10	0
Tamil	75	25	45	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	55	30	30
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	30,820	18,165	12,655
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	20	0	10
Armenian	80	60	25	0	0	0	530	295	235	20	0	15
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	915	350	565
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	15	0	15
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	15	0	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	900	350	555
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0	145	55	90	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	90	30	65	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	85	25	60
Russian	385	130	250	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	645	245	400
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	90	45	40
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	75	45	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	680	310	370
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	790	385	405	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	450	200	255
German	95	65	35	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	400	180	220
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	50	15	30
Yiddish	695	325	375	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	195	100	100
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	0	0	0	965	515	440	85	40	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	105	55	50
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	190	100	85	35	15	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	20	15	0
Swedish	15	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	15	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	175	55	120	0	0	0	875	445	430	50	35	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	25,450	15,470	9,980
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	23,425	14,315	9,115
Bengali	85	25	55	0	0	0	645	290	355	10	10	0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	10	0	10
Hindi	120	55	60	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	555	310	250
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	10	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	22,730	13,945	8,785
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	45	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	100	40	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	285	175	110	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	2,020	1,155	865
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	25	20	10
Pashto	25	20	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	255	150	105	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	1,985	1,135	855
Dari	20	10	10	0	0	0	800	445	360	110	75	35
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	1,710	940	770
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	170	120	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	3,675	1,975	1,700
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	310	160	150	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	120	55	65
Portuguese	245	90	155	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	555	245	310
Romanian	80	50	30	0	0	0	680	375	310	60	35	30
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	2,940	1,645	1,300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	125	25	105	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	2,015	695	1,320
Korean	240	100	145	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	6,855	3,485	3,370
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	0	0	0	410	210	200	15	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	15	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	30	55	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	300	105	190
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	285	95	185
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	48,730	23,930	24,800
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	48,670	23,890	24,780
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	28,465	13,710	14,755
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	0	0	0	485	210	270	235	110	125
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	15	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	19,865	10,015	9,855
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	460	240	220	85	45	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	60	35	20
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	30	15	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	765	310	450	205	65	140
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0	670	275	395	200	60	140
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	30	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	60	20	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	80	50	30	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	55	10	40
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	485	215	270	50	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	20	0	15
Hungarian	15	0	10	0	0	0	330	170	160	30	0	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	80	50	30	453,880	231,205	222,675	35,660	18,080	17,585
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	60	30	30	321,975	163,305	158,675	2,470	970	1,510
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	32,195	16,590	15,610
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	35	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	130	65	65
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	825	445	380
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	335	175	155	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	250	135	115	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	30	15	15	902,625	474,755	427,875	36,055	17,805	18,250
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	35	20	10	589,755	288,955	300,800	16,140	7,125	9,020
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	10	0	10	331,375	168,035	163,335	79,300	38,900	40,400
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	1,320	470	850
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	10	0	10	313,185	160,295	152,885	77,980	38,430	39,550
English and French	1,155	540	610	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	70	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	4,745	2,165	2,580
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	1,945	860	1,085
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0	0	0	360	210	150	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	13,685	6,410	7,275
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	295	160	135	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	75	55	25	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	549,845	262,840	287,005
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	10,065	6,785	3,275
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	40	25	10	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	373,475	277,860	95,615
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	185	75	105	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	1,500,215	717,240	782,980
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	185	75	110	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	1,500,215	717,235	782,980
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	165	70	95	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	774,620	341,895	432,725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	20	0	15	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	638,825	322,890	315,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	0	0	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	77,845	46,415	31,440
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	8,920	6,040	2,875
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	225	105	115	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,873,690	995,095	878,595
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	120	50	75	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	1,497,765	824,995	672,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	95	45	50	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	1,376,410	775,555	600,865
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	25	0	20	844,155	343,100	501,050	121,350	49,440	71,910
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	75	45	30	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	174,045	72,290	101,750
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	20	10	20	672,815	296,610	376,205	121,550	51,185	70,360
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	36,790	22,990	13,800
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	43,535	23,635	19,900
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	225	105	115	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,873,690	995,095	878,595
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	50	10	40	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	595,470	276,270	319,200
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	70	35	35	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	637,130	333,835	303,295
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	70	45	25	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	369,645	216,975	152,670
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	30	15	15	910,610	542,485	368,125	137,115	81,460	55,655
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	0	0	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	134,330	86,550	47,780
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	225	105	115	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,873,690	995,095	878,595
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	0	0	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	125,470	91,685	33,785
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	25	15	10	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	298,120	192,650	105,460
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	45	15	25	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	449,315	237,080	212,235
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	60	25	35	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	418,635	186,225	232,415
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	30	10	20	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	303,745	133,880	169,865
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	55	35	20	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	278,405	153,580	124,825
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	140	70	70	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	884,130	455,675	428,450
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	55	30	35	897,205	456,120	441,085	55,575	28,115	27,465
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	85	40	40	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	828,550	427,565	400,990
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	105	50	55	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	651,050	336,315	314,735
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	45	20	25	682,190	346,420	335,770	43,010	21,805	21,205
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	40	15	20	467,685	234,475	233,215	23,960	11,755	12,205
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	0	5	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	19,050	10,050	8,995
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	60	30	35	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	608,040	314,500	293,535

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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