Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24660254More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	837	...	...	8,501,833	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	424	...	...	4,050,164	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	396	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	12,624.4	...	...	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	0.07	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	835	415	425	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	125	65	55	1,391,360	713,290	678,070
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	30	15	10	422,980	217,145	205,840
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	50	25	25	478,955	245,295	233,665
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	45	25	20	489,425	250,855	238,570
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	635	310	320	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	45	25	20	429,400	219,400	209,995
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	45	15	25	460,660	235,250	225,405
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	95	50	45	527,150	266,455	260,700
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	95	45	45	536,040	267,770	268,270
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	75	35	45	550,425	274,350	276,075
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	80	30	50	572,565	286,405	286,160
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	60	40	20	516,465	259,565	256,905
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	40	25	15	522,935	262,610	260,325
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	45	15	30	615,690	307,230	308,465
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	60	30	30	625,610	307,710	317,900
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	75	35	40	1,753,530	801,925	951,605
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	20	10	10	541,970	264,020	277,950
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	15	10	5	455,900	217,985	237,910
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	15	0	10	330,840	153,790	177,050
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	10	5	5	210,405	90,825	119,580
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	20	10	10	214,415	75,305	139,115
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	10	5	10	131,755	50,610	81,150
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	5	0	5	65,020	20,490	44,535
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790
100 years and over	465	90	375	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	15.0	15.7	12.9	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	76.0	74.7	75.3	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	9.0	8.4	9.4	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	37.7	36.6	38.8	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	36.0	35.2	36.8	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	395	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	10	...	...	98,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	0	...	...	271,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	375	...	...	1,242,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	10	...	...	15,745	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	160	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	135	...	...	1,295,730	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	45	...	...	480,135	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	25	...	...	427,605	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	30	...	...	228,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	840	415	425	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	715	345	365	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	315	160	160	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	205	100	100	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	110	55	60	1,657,050	829,680	827,375
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	100	50	50	1,345,765	671,000	674,765
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	10	5	5	261,885	135,520	126,370
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	395	190	210	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	305	155	145	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	10	5	10	106,275	48,095	58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	55	15	35	494,210	197,455	296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	25	5	20	380,100	89,515	290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	205	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	115	...	...	1,267,980	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	35	...	...	454,980	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	25	...	...	412,850	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	30	...	...	187,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	210	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	155	...	...	1,939,635	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	100	...	...	1,111,625	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	55	...	...	502,020	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	40	...	...	609,605	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	55	...	...	828,005	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	15	...	...	401,885	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	45	...	...	426,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	50	...	...	383,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	35	...	...	284,025	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	15	...	...	99,755	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	840	415	420	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	590	305	290	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	310	155	155	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	55	20	40	383,780	99,755	284,020
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	230	135	95	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	150	80	70	1,708,235	897,930	810,305
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	80	55	25	585,820	317,400	268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	245	110	135	1,751,380	870,550	880,825
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	160	70	90	1,317,505	638,170	679,335
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	30	15	20	165,070	74,060	91,005
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	55	30	25	268,810	158,325	110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	395	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	190	...	...	2,165,490	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	150	...	...	1,834,095	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	70	...	...	851,835	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	85	...	...	982,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	45	...	...	331,395	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	30	...	...	139,280	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	160	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	710	345	365	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	675	330	350	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	37,600	38,800	35,200	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	675	330	350	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	34,000	34,800	32,000	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	600	295	300	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	32,000	35,200	28,000	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	530	265	255	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	36,400	38,000	35,600	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	570	265	305	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	9,100	8,400	10,500	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	95	45	55	837,635	441,080	396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,240	5,480	5,120	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	250	135	120	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000	7,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	680	340	340	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	640	325	315	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	41,400	45,200	37,200	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	640	325	315	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	35,800	38,400	33,200	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	575	300	275	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	34,200	39,600	28,000	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	490	260	230	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	37,200	42,800	30,800	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	590	290	300	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	11,320	9,400	13,200	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	80	35	45	837,180	441,665	395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	4,500	6,000	3,400	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	290	165	130	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	7,900	7,100	8,800	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	680	345	340	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	215	120	95	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	53,600	57,200	50,000	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	56,800	62,000	50,000	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	200	105	95	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	18,600	18,800	18,600	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	20,800	22,400	19,200	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	74.5	82.0	66.0	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	69.5	76.0	61.0	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	25.4	18.4	34.0	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	10.1	8.8	11.6	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	8.8	7.9	10.0	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	715	345	365	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	35	20	15	179,955	87,650	92,310
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	680	330	345	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	55	25	25	462,400	204,245	258,155
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	90	40	45	809,375	334,315	475,065
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	130	55	70	1,124,265	499,780	624,485
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	95	45	50	896,520	414,070	482,445
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	85	50	40	849,005	411,680	437,325
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	60	30	35	687,020	345,720	341,305
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	50	25	20	503,110	271,695	231,415
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	45	15	35	367,455	208,475	158,980
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	20	15	5	284,690	158,760	125,930
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	15	10	10	198,140	112,355	85,780
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	25	15	5	556,780	365,700	191,080
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	20	10	5	385,890	245,635	140,260
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	5	5	0	170,890	120,065	50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	715	345	365	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	35	20	15	177,960	86,610	91,355
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	680	330	345	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	55	25	25	495,035	214,000	281,030
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	95	40	50	853,250	356,480	496,765
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	150	65	80	1,316,685	592,685	723,995
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	130	75	60	1,127,905	544,940	582,965
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	85	40	40	994,235	505,970	488,265
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	80	35	45	691,015	372,870	318,145
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	45	20	20	459,665	251,490	208,170
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	25	10	10	292,135	160,985	131,150
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	10	0	5	174,905	104,610	70,295
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	5	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	5	5	0	229,765	156,750	73,020
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	5	5	0	119,125	78,615	40,515
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	715	345	365	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	185	80	105	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	525	270	260	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	55	25	35	644,075	331,770	312,300
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	50	25	25	401,185	180,585	220,595
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	70	40	30	603,350	273,725	329,620
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	50	20	30	495,105	228,670	266,435
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	55	35	20	488,000	239,620	248,380
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	65	30	30	485,845	242,230	243,610
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	50	20	25	403,980	217,425	186,560
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	45	20	25	320,700	184,770	135,935
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	30	10	20	250,635	147,020	103,615
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	25	15	10	218,100	120,085	98,020
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	10	5	5	141,540	86,090	55,450
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	15	10	5	422,055	285,910	136,145
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	5	5	5	205,085	133,500	71,585
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	10	10	0	216,965	152,410	64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	710	345	365	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	665	325	345	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	33,200	34,800	32,000	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	665	325	345	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	30,600	31,600	28,800	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	610	300	305	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	31,200	34,000	27,000	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	530	270	260	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	34,000	35,600	33,600	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	520	245	280	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	2,480	2,100	4,280	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	55	25	35	727,165	390,255	336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	4,160	4,080	4,920	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	680	340	340	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	660	330	330	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	34,600	40,200	28,900	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	660	330	330	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	30,350	34,400	26,400	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	605	305	295	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	30,500	38,400	22,600	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	490	260	235	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	34,400	42,400	25,600	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	580	285	290	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	7,680	5,600	9,700	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	70	35	30	727,815	390,880	336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	7,200	6,000	8,500	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	680	345	340	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	215	120	95	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	46,800	54,000	36,400	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	48,400	57,000	37,000	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	190	95	90	1,894,930	934,230	960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	19,800	23,800	17,000	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	24,200	27,600	20,400	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	81.0	88.0	70.0	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	74.5	82.0	63.0	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	19.4	12.0	30.0	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	67,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	57,600	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	160	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	48,400	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	42,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	235	...	...	2,431,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	71,500	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	395	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	66,400	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	57,400	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	160	...	...	1,317,070	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	49,000	...	...	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	41,000	...	...	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	240	...	...	2,431,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	77,500	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	5	...	...	35,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	10	...	...	52,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	15	...	...	82,470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	15	...	...	218,185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	20	...	...	144,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	15	...	...	143,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	15	...	...	174,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	15	...	...	166,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	40	...	...	310,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	40	...	...	280,505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	45	...	...	255,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	35	...	...	235,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	20	...	...	208,320	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	85	...	...	1,244,285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	30	...	...	414,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	30	...	...	282,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	20	...	...	307,835	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	5	...	...	239,060	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	5	...	...	40,590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	10	...	...	53,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	15	...	...	87,695	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	20	...	...	234,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	20	...	...	177,135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	20	...	...	180,150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	30	...	...	213,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	15	...	...	210,280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	60	...	...	356,325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	55	...	...	322,530	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	35	...	...	289,580	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	25	...	...	254,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	15	...	...	216,370	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	55	...	...	892,775	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	35	...	...	387,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	15	...	...	225,830	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	10	...	...	279,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	215	...	...	2,331,170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	80	...	...	991,710	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	71,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	70	...	...	907,765	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	50	...	...	368,845	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	55,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	210	95	115	1,586,315	796,490	789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	42,000	43,200	40,000	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	36,000	37,600	35,600	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	235	...	...	2,330,645	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	76,500	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	67,000	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	85	...	...	992,110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	84,000	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	72,000	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	70	...	...	909,160	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	78,000	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	75	...	...	367,155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	58,000	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	52,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	180	95	80	1,585,705	796,290	789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	46,000	51,000	40,000	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	38,800	43,000	34,000	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	835	415	425	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	155	90	70	1,648,330	844,730	803,600
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	35	25	15	515,725	264,785	250,935
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	610	295	310	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	75	35	40	1,599,990	752,815	847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	155	75	80	992,235	463,295	528,940
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	35	25	15	159,530	82,000	77,530
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	5	5	0	53,105	27,240	25,870
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	100	45	55	515,470	256,435	259,035
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	25	5	20	317,235	124,865	192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	18.8	18.5	18.8	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	22.0	28.0	16.0	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	20.0	16.0	x	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	16.4	16.0	17.0	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	28.0	20.0	36.0	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	840	415	420	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	155	85	65	1,634,715	837,715	797,005
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	40	20	15	511,400	262,535	248,860
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	605	295	315	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	75	30	45	1,596,400	751,095	845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	110	50	55	439,850	223,055	216,795
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	25	15	10	61,665	31,610	30,060
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	5	5	5	19,815	10,190	9,630
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	80	40	45	313,970	167,015	146,955
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	10	0	5	64,210	24,430	39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	13.4	13.2	13.6	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	16.0	18.0	14.0	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	16.0	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	13.2	13.0	13.6	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	10.0	x	12.0	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	835	415	425	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	595	290	310	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	145	75	75	851,840	407,705	444,140
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	85	40	45	920,490	434,730	485,760
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	145	70	80	969,255	471,650	497,600
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	100	50	50	978,345	482,760	495,590
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	115	60	55	947,090	473,285	473,810
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	240	125	120	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	95	50	45	899,660	454,970	444,690
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	55	30	25	837,225	425,400	411,830
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	40	20	20	752,410	383,450	368,955
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	40	20	15	634,425	325,700	308,730
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	15	10	5	517,725	267,160	250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	840	...	...	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.290	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.451	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.256	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	840	415	420	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	45	30	20	445,575	228,840	216,735
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	265	125	140	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	490	250	245	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	35	15	20	82,075	35,200	46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	840	415	420	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	115	65	55	1,088,820	548,595	540,225
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	580	280	305	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	110	60	45	329,515	169,050	160,465
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	30	15	20	79,000	33,590	45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	840	415	420	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	755	365	390	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	380	170	215	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	60	25	30	639,365	323,170	316,195
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	325	145	180	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	370	195	180	1,167,550	570,440	597,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665
Cree languages	95	35	60	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	565	290	275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0	610	300	310
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	190	75	115
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0	190	75	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	860	410	450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0	0	0	820	385	435
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	135	30	105	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	0	0	0	60	30	35
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	370	195	180	1,125,730	549,960	575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	100	60	40	233,220	122,895	110,320
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	10	5	5	25,990	13,860	12,130
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	10	0	5	23,735	12,570	11,165
Tamazight	985	570	415	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	0	0	0	285	160	125
Chadic languages	335	180	160	0	0	0	980	510	470
Hausa	175	100	70	0	0	0	425	235	190
Mina	165	80	90	0	0	0	555	280	280
Coptic	165	90	75	0	0	0	320	170	150
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	0	0	0	1,330	620	705
Bilen	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Somali	735	345	390	0	0	0	1,275	595	680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	15
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	90	55	35	204,600	107,735	96,865
Amharic	495	235	255	0	0	0	735	345	385
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	90	55	35	198,785	104,765	94,020
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	0	0	0	525	250	270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	0	0	0	170	85	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0	45	20	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0	0	0	300	150	155
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0	20	5	20
Tigrigna	705	360	340	0	0	0	810	415	395
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	30	15	15	37,425	17,185	20,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	15	5	5	8,730	3,975	4,755
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	15	5	10	28,630	13,180	15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	0	0	0	60	30	30
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375
Bikol	85	40	50	0	0	0	140	55	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	0	0	0	465	175	290
Cebuano	680	250	430	0	0	0	1,050	370	685
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	0	0	0	590	205	385
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275
Indonesian	405	165	240	0	0	0	730	255	475
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	20
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	0	0	0	1,810	870	940
Merina	285	120	160	0	0	0	1,180	545	630
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0	630	325	310
Malay	45	20	30	0	0	0	75	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	0	0	0	225	95	130
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0	120	55	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	0	0	0	65	20	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	0	0	0	410	185	230
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	15	5	15	62,640	28,375	34,265
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	15	5	10	46,475	20,690	25,785
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	5	10
Krio	10	10	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Morisyen	910	440	470	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555
Sango	50	25	20	0	0	0	490	240	250
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	5	0	5	11,980	5,620	6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	0	0	0	555	255	300
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925
Kannada	225	140	90	0	0	0	375	215	160
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	0	0	0	1,800	945	850
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205
Telugu	1,350	915	430	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680
Tulu	15	10	5	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Georgian	105	45	55	0	0	0	150	70	80
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	185	100	90	595,790	290,670	305,115
Albanian	1,795	885	910	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	10	5	5	68,295	30,855	37,435
Baltic languages	315	125	195	0	0	0	725	285	440
Latvian	115	55	60	0	0	0	235	100	135
Lithuanian	205	70	140	0	0	0	490	185	300
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	10	5	5	67,565	30,570	36,995
Belarusian	30	15	15	0	0	0	75	35	40
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495
Czech	555	255	300	0	0	0	1,345	625	725
Macedonian	95	40	55	0	0	0	220	110	115
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	5	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590
Rusyn	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235
Bosnian	340	170	175	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030
Croatian	865	415	450	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225
Serbian	1,300	645	650	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0	0	0	250	120	125
Slovak	345	130	220	0	0	0	855	380	475
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	0	0	0	600	265	335
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	50	25	30
Celtic languages	40	25	10	0	0	0	130	80	55
Irish	10	5	0	0	0	0	25	20	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0	20	10	5
Welsh	15	10	5	0	0	0	40	25	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	55	30	20
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	235	125	110	0	0	0	1,110	565	540
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0	0	0	170	90	80
Dutch	740	390	345	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	0	0	0	400	185	220
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	0	0	0	1,140	560	575
Danish	150	70	80	0	0	0	360	175	185
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0	60	30	30
Norwegian	65	35	30	0	0	0	190	100	85
Swedish	230	120	110	0	0	0	530	260	275
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0	105	50	55
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	20	15	10	101,450	52,780	48,665
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	20	15	10	63,025	33,465	29,555
Assamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	20	15
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	10	5	0	5,445	3,080	2,360
Kacchi	90	40	45	0	0	0	170	80	90
Kashmiri	25	15	5	0	0	0	40	25	15
Konkani	55	35	20	0	0	0	80	40	35
Marathi	345	200	145	0	0	0	520	285	235
Nepali	330	170	160	0	0	0	1,105	560	545
Oriya languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	65	35	30
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	40	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70
Sindhi	45	30	20	0	0	0	100	60	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	0	0	0	725	375	350
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0	0	0	265	150	115
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090
Baluchi	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kurdish	435	245	190	0	0	0	1,120	630	485
Parsi	25	20	10	0	0	0	35	25	15
Pashto	975	525	450	0	0	0	1,490	810	680
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850
Dari	1,085	520	565	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0	125	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0	0	0	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	145	70	75	346,000	167,870	178,130
Catalan	190	90	95	0	0	0	330	165	160
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	40	20	25	90,940	44,080	46,865
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	10	5	5	41,545	19,890	21,650
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	5	5	0	35,810	17,115	18,695
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	85	45	45	177,155	86,490	90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0	225	125	105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	55	30	30
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815
Mongolian	100	35	65	0	0	0	225	90	135
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	0	0	0	985	490	490
Bamanankan	665	360	310	0	0	0	1,490	795	700
Edo	60	25	35	0	0	0	90	40	50
Éwé	330	185	150	0	0	0	995	535	465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285
Ga	45	25	20	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0	50	20	30
Gikuyu	0	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Igbo	90	55	35	0	0	0	145	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895
Lingala	1,680	750	930	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	0	0	0	285	145	145
Mòoré	150	85	70	0	0	0	405	205	205
Mwani	20	10	10	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ndebele	30	15	20	0	0	0	60	20	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415
Shona	80	40	40	0	0	0	125	60	60
Soninke	205	135	70	0	0	0	270	175	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Swahili	795	385	400	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035
Wojenaka	485	225	255	0	0	0	910	435	475
Wolof	1,495	800	690	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840
Yoruba	625	325	295	0	0	0	875	470	410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	0	0	0	1,010	535	480
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	0	0	0	845	450	400
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0	155	80	75
Sign languages	275	140	135	0	0	0	1,280	680	600
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0	0	0	120	60	55
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	0	0	0	930	485	445
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0	225	130	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	25	5	15	87,540	40,170	47,375
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	25	5	15	87,155	39,990	47,160
Hakka	210	85	125	0	0	0	470	200	270
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	5	5	0	57,445	26,210	31,235
Min Dong	15	5	5	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	0	0	0	790	365	430
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	20	0	10	24,235	11,275	12,965
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	0	0	0	1,425	710	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	0	0	0	310	140	175
Burmese	45	15	30	0	0	0	80	25	55
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	30	35	0	0	0	130	65	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0	75	40	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	80	45	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	5	0	5	4,855	2,040	2,820
Lao	1,280	615	665	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010
Thai	405	115	295	0	0	0	1,015	220	795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	10	5	0	9,230	4,775	4,455
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	0	0	0	410	250	160
Kazakh	25	15	15	0	0	0	50	25	20
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	10	10	0	8,220	4,240	3,975
Uyghur	140	65	75	0	0	0	235	110	125
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0	170	80	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	0	0	0	140	60	80
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865
Estonian	70	30	40	0	0	0	160	60	95
Finnish	140	55	85	0	0	0	305	120	190
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	0	0	0	170	95	75
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	85	50	30	308,550	155,455	153,095
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	5	5	0	126,405	64,585	61,820
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	10	0	5	49,485	24,660	24,825
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	55	35	20	94,205	46,880	47,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	10	5	5	28,685	14,700	13,985
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	840	415	420	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	55	30	30	623,305	313,780	309,520
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	300	130	170	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	140	70	75	366,730	177,410	189,315
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	140	70	75	343,650	165,830	177,825
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	45	25	25	497,380	256,735	240,645
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	30	20	10	205,755	102,290	103,470
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	170	95	75	375,795	179,585	196,210
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	80	40	35	284,940	141,275	143,665
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	10	5	5	20,125	9,545	10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	840	415	420	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	750	365	385	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	490	230	260	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	80	40	40	874,185	438,570	435,615
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	410	190	220	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	260	135	125	662,615	322,860	339,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055
Cree languages	40	20	25	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	230	110	120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	25	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	260	135	125	628,365	305,820	322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	55	35	25	116,685	59,645	57,040
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655
Tamazight	360	195	165	0	0	0	670	365	305
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0	0	0	195	110	90
Chadic languages	125	60	65	0	0	0	335	165	170
Hausa	80	45	45	0	0	0	180	85	90
Mina	40	15	25	0	0	0	155	75	80
Coptic	120	65	60	0	0	0	225	115	115
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	0	0	0	605	280	325
Bilen	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	345	160	185	0	0	0	580	265	315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	50	30	20	104,890	53,505	51,380
Amharic	240	115	125	0	0	0	330	155	175
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	50	30	20	102,120	52,125	49,990
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0	380	185	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	0	0	0	130	60	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	50	25	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0	200	105	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	715	375	335	0	0	0	1,515	760	755
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	445	230	215	0	0	0	490	250	240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	40	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	20	5	15	24,500	11,410	13,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	5	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	15	5	10	19,595	9,185	10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515
Bikol	35	15	15	0	0	0	45	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	425	180	250	0	0	0	560	240	320
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	0	0	0	320	135	185
Ilocano	960	415	545	0	0	0	1,175	510	665
Indonesian	170	85	90	0	0	0	255	115	135
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	0	0	0	610	325	285
Merina	65	30	35	0	0	0	305	165	145
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0	0	0	300	160	145
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	0	0	0	125	60	65
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0	185	90	90
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	20	15	5	26,985	11,815	15,170
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	20	10	5	19,535	8,310	11,230
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	475	225	250	0	0	0	1,590	765	825
Sango	10	10	5	0	0	0	230	110	125
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0	0	0	220	110	120
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865
Kannada	115	65	50	0	0	0	190	105	90
Malayalam	970	520	445	0	0	0	1,225	645	580
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755
Telugu	820	550	275	0	0	0	1,140	700	435
Tulu	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	20	10	5
Georgian	45	20	25	0	0	0	60	25	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	135	70	65	336,635	164,100	172,535
Albanian	1,050	505	540	0	0	0	1,910	945	970
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	10	5	5	39,725	18,855	20,870
Baltic languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	150	60	90
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0	60	30	30
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0	0	0	95	35	60
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	10	5	5	39,575	18,795	20,775
Belarusian	5	5	5	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305
Czech	165	75	90	0	0	0	375	180	200
Macedonian	60	25	30	0	0	0	125	65	60
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	5	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125
Bosnian	170	80	90	0	0	0	1,075	530	545
Croatian	365	165	200	0	0	0	945	445	505
Serbian	645	320	325	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0	0	0	100	50	45
Slovak	70	30	40	0	0	0	200	85	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	0	0	0	150	70	85
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0	45	35	10
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0	110	30	75
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675
German	510	245	270	0	0	0	1,685	805	880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	235	125	115
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0	0	0	420	200	215
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0	65	30	35
Dutch	105	55	50	0	0	0	300	145	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0	40	20	20
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	175	85	95
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0	35	15	20
Icelandic	15	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	45	20	25	0	0	0	100	50	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	20	5	10
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	20	15	10	74,455	38,045	36,410
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	15	10	5	46,420	24,225	22,195
Assamese	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615
Kacchi	60	30	35	0	0	0	95	45	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	15	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	5
Marathi	160	90	70	0	0	0	255	135	120
Nepali	225	115	105	0	0	0	880	445	430
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Odia	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	0	0	0	425	225	205
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	150	80	70
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	220	120	105	0	0	0	625	325	300
Parsi	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Pashto	750	405	350	0	0	0	1,110	590	520
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355
Dari	675	320	355	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	65	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	20	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	100	50	55	182,585	88,060	94,525
Catalan	75	30	40	0	0	0	135	70	65
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	25	10	15	26,290	11,205	15,085
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	5	5	5	20,885	9,965	10,920
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	5	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	65	30	30	112,915	55,870	57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	705	285	425	0	0	0	1,155	455	700
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630
Mongolian	55	25	30	0	0	0	145	70	80
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	0	0	0	485	235	245
Bamanankan	205	100	105	0	0	0	385	195	195
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Éwé	85	45	40	0	0	0	225	115	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	0	0	0	850	445	410
Ga	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	0	0	0	965	415	545
Lingala	570	255	320	0	0	0	930	410	525
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	5	20
Mòoré	25	10	10	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mwani	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ndebele	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	0	0	0	1,655	775	875
Shona	35	15	20	0	0	0	45	20	25
Soninke	95	65	30	0	0	0	105	75	35
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	290	155	135	0	0	0	1,665	810	855
Wojenaka	130	50	80	0	0	0	245	100	145
Wolof	600	325	275	0	0	0	1,470	795	675
Yoruba	180	85	90	0	0	0	240	115	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	0	0	0	720	320	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	0	0	0	395	195	200
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0	365	180	185
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sign languages	515	300	220	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945
American Sign Language	90	45	40	0	0	0	300	165	135
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	0	0	0	1,385	775	615
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	0	0	0	550	345	205
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	20	5	15	67,120	31,725	35,390
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	20	5	15	66,880	31,610	35,275
Hakka	75	35	35	0	0	0	150	65	80
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	0	0	0	1,510	680	835
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	0	0	0	535	260	275
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	15	5	10	16,860	7,870	8,985
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	0	0	0	870	445	430
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	190	90	100
Burmese	30	10	20	0	0	0	40	15	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	35	20	15	0	0	0	75	40	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	40	25	20
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230
Lao	715	350	370	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065
Thai	150	60	90	0	0	0	255	95	160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	10	10	0	6,005	3,005	3,000
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	0	0	0	175	95	75
Kazakh	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	10	10	0	5,540	2,780	2,765
Uyghur	100	45	60	0	0	0	145	65	85
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0	95	45	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	15
Uralic languages	695	285	415	0	0	0	1,505	670	830
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0	45	20	25
Hungarian	675	275	400	0	0	0	1,445	645	805
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	55	25	25
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	90	45	35	357,245	176,070	181,175
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	20	10	5	137,120	69,025	68,095
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	15	10	5	60,495	29,540	30,950
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	45	30	20	116,595	56,445	60,150
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	5	5	0	39,875	19,575	20,300
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	840	415	425	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	560	265	295	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	45	25	25	353,690	183,470	170,225
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	90	50	40	259,425	127,380	132,040
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	80	45	35	269,715	129,830	139,890
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	80	45	35	264,405	127,330	137,070
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	15	15	5	61,955	31,425	30,525
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	25	10	15	76,755	38,765	37,990
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	5	0	5	55,860	26,915	28,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	5	0	5	7,295	3,700	3,595
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	5	5	5	19,290	9,695	9,595
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	805	425	380	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	785	420	365	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	575	295	275	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	730	390	340	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	560	305	255	1,853,710	899,285	954,430
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330
Cree languages	150	60	90	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,000	495	505
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	370	210	160
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	370	205	160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	0	0	0	1,750	800	955
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	0	0	0	210	110	100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	0	0	0	155	75	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	60	30	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	95	50	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	90	50	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	65	40	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	310	75	235	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	0	0	0	240	125	110
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	45	20	0	0	0	215	110	100
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Salish languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	30	30	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	65	45	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	560	305	255	1,804,195	875,095	929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	125	70	60	385,210	201,105	184,100
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	15	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	15	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	0	0	0	1,000	545	455
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350
Hausa	575	370	210	0	0	0	1,250	725	525
Mina	625	290	340	0	0	0	1,650	825	825
Coptic	745	385	360	0	0	0	1,150	580	575
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160
Bilen	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35
Somali	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	0	0	0	100	45	50
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	120	65	60	363,875	190,005	173,870
Amharic	780	375	405	0	0	0	1,225	605	620
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	120	65	60	343,675	179,750	163,930
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	0	0	0	935	460	480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	0	0	0	205	110	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	0	0	0	660	310	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	820	400	420	0	0	0	1,010	490	520
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	0	0	0	165	90	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	40	25	15	49,720	23,320	26,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	30	15	15	12,785	5,930	6,855
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	20	10	0	37,655	17,735	19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	0	0	0	105	60	45
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225
Bikol	175	65	110	0	0	0	340	150	190
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	0	0	0	655	285	370
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	0	0	0	1,215	470	745
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280
Indonesian	805	365	440	0	0	0	1,510	625	885
Kankanaey	45	25	20	0	0	0	85	45	45
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595
Merina	655	320	335	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	0	0	0	1,085	570	515
Malay	355	190	165	0	0	0	595	275	320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	0	0	0	460	195	265
Pangasinan	120	55	65	0	0	0	200	90	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	0	0	0	215	100	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	0	0	0	1,645	655	990
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	50	35	15	135,275	62,040	73,235
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	40	30	10	118,010	53,530	64,480
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	0	0	0	340	165	175
Krio	60	25	40	0	0	0	75	25	50
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330
Sango	185	100	80	0	0	0	1,070	570	500
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	25	15	10	17,995	8,440	9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320
Kannada	540	325	215	0	0	0	925	530	395
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205
Tulu	30	10	10	0	0	0	80	30	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	95	55	40
Georgian	150	75	70	0	0	0	245	110	135
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	290	155	135	1,014,365	490,155	524,215
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	10	10	0	95,385	45,060	50,330
Baltic languages	530	215	315	0	0	0	1,105	465	635
Latvian	190	85	105	0	0	0	440	180	260
Lithuanian	340	135	210	0	0	0	660	290	375
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	10	10	0	94,580	44,695	49,885
Belarusian	160	55	105	0	0	0	410	185	230
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165
Czech	990	455	535	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120
Macedonian	215	80	135	0	0	0	455	205	250
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	10	10	0	55,485	26,345	29,135
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635
Bosnian	675	315	365	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540
Croatian	1,515	775	740	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405
Serbian	1,725	840	885	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	0	0	0	315	175	140
Slovak	590	250	340	0	0	0	1,380	630	750
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	0	0	0	810	340	465
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0	110	60	55
Celtic languages	275	150	125	0	0	0	665	375	295
Irish	120	65	55	0	0	0	300	180	120
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	0	0	0	135	85	45
Welsh	35	20	15	0	0	0	85	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0	165	90	80
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	10	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320
Frisian	40	20	25	0	0	0	65	20	45
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	300	120	175	0	0	0	1,615	785	830
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265
Afrikaans	205	95	105	0	0	0	580	295	285
Dutch	1,645	825	820	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	0	0	0	40	0	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	0	0	0	735	340	400
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705
Danish	425	190	230	0	0	0	860	395	460
Icelandic	45	20	20	0	0	0	90	35	55
Norwegian	285	155	130	0	0	0	735	375	360
Swedish	820	445	370	0	0	0	1,905	980	920
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0	0	0	215	115	100
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	10	10	0	50,375	24,835	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395
Assamese	35	25	15	0	0	0	75	40	30
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620
Kacchi	195	95	95	0	0	0	375	155	220
Kashmiri	40	25	15	0	0	0	115	65	50
Konkani	155	95	60	0	0	0	235	130	105
Marathi	780	440	340	0	0	0	1,160	620	545
Nepali	485	270	220	0	0	0	1,375	740	635
Oriya languages	45	20	35	0	0	0	105	50	60
Odia	30	15	15	0	0	0	45	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	60	25	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145
Sindhi	100	50	50	0	0	0	230	115	115
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	0	0	0	1,610	860	755
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	0	0	0	770	445	320
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	780	465	315	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755
Parsi	80	35	40	0	0	0	135	80	55
Pashto	1,225	645	580	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160
Dari	1,280	645	640	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	290	180	115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0	170	100	65
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	250	125	120	684,830	324,095	360,735
Catalan	715	400	315	0	0	0	1,250	725	530
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	75	35	40	168,040	82,400	85,645
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	20	10	10	65,605	33,005	32,600
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	155	80	75	453,905	210,400	243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	0	0	0	1,105	670	435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	0	0	0	285	150	135
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350
Mongolian	180	55	120	0	0	0	320	125	195
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	15	0	10	75,835	37,990	37,845
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720
Edo	245	115	125	0	0	0	365	190	175
Éwé	865	505	360	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825
Ga	220	145	75	0	0	0	375	225	150
Ganda	75	40	30	0	0	0	280	135	150
Gikuyu	45	0	40	0	0	0	80	25	55
Igbo	485	280	205	0	0	0	745	435	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	0	0	0	1,205	600	605
Mòoré	620	340	280	0	0	0	1,615	810	805
Mwani	20	15	10	0	0	0	80	45	35
Ndebele	115	70	40	0	0	0	180	85	95
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825
Shona	245	150	95	0	0	0	345	190	155
Soninke	465	310	155	0	0	0	570	375	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	0	0	0	85	40	45
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	10	0	10	9,930	5,325	4,595
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	0	0	0	1,865	905	960
Dinka	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	0	0	0	1,845	895	950
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	0	0	0	995	555	440
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580
American Sign Language	495	160	330	0	0	0	1,310	575	735
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	0	0	0	1,555	830	725
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	40	15	25	107,415	49,840	57,575
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	40	15	25	106,915	49,630	57,285
Hakka	335	170	160	0	0	0	810	370	445
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	15	0	15	80,520	37,100	43,420
Min Dong	35	20	20	0	0	0	70	35	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	0	0	0	1,255	565	685
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	15	0	10	34,030	15,430	18,600
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	0	0	0	1,500	785	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0	245	125	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	0	0	0	465	190	275
Burmese	65	10	60	0	0	0	135	30	110
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tibetan	95	50	50	0	0	0	190	100	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	130	60	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0	100	60	45
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885
Thai	1,085	390	695	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	20	10	10	17,795	8,940	8,850
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	0	0	0	995	570	425
Kazakh	60	35	25	0	0	0	125	60	65
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	20	10	10	16,195	8,135	8,065
Uyghur	205	95	110	0	0	0	350	155	200
Uzbek	140	85	55	0	0	0	320	155	170
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	0	0	0	350	165	185
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115
Estonian	85	35	50	0	0	0	230	90	140
Finnish	245	120	125	0	0	0	525	250	270
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	0	0	0	835	430	405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	805	425	380	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	15	0	15	205,010	101,150	103,865
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	15	0	15	193,365	95,320	98,045
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	10	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	785	420	370	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	805	425	380	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	805	425	380	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	235	...	...	2,245,605	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	160	...	...	1,497,010	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	200	...	...	515,590	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	195	...	...	3,233,445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	100	...	...	623,295	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	210	...	...	1,173,600	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	65	...	...	1,189,790	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	20	...	...	730,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	300	...	...	1,378,765	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	60	...	...	645,635	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	0	...	...	435,225	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	15	...	...	403,225	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	20	...	...	886,180	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	385	...	...	3,700,720	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	15	...	...	48,315	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	350	...	...	3,606,260	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	45	...	...	142,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	95	...	...	879,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	80	...	...	1,114,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	0	...	...	509,120	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	0	...	...	385,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	10	...	...	198,595	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	110	...	...	231,930	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	80	...	...	212,290	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	20	...	...	217,715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	370	...	...	3,512,925	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	30	...	...	236,110	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	255	...	...	2,097,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	125	...	...	1,561,495	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	20	...	...	89,875	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	15	...	...	117,525	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	90	...	...	525,540	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	105	...	...	647,165	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	50	...	...	628,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	75	...	...	760,395	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	35	...	...	629,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	25	...	...	336,170	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	395	...	...	3,706,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	290	...	...	3,110,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	110	...	...	595,690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	100	...	...	542,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	180	...	...	901,440	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	105	...	...	537,090	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	40	...	...	112,775	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	30	...	...	179,840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	220	...	...	2,847,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	385	...	...	3,652,985	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	55	...	...	218,275	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	330	...	...	3,434,710	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	235	...	...	2,227,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	83.0	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	21.3	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,260	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,290	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	290,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	324,000	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	165	...	...	1,493,510	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	38.7	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	25.8	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	910	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	960	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	800	420	385	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	0	0	0	1,830	865	965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	0	0	0	760	365	400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	55	40	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0	0	0	535	240	295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0	0	0	60	25	30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	800	420	375	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	800	420	380	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	645	360	280	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	115	80	35	1,570,720	805,100	765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	535	285	245	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	155	60	100	518,265	264,490	253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	800	420	380	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	380	220	155	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	390	190	200	1,210,600	588,960	621,640
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	55	35	20	187,200	91,895	95,300
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	65	25	45	124,610	61,850	62,755
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	30	25	10	190,495	91,635	98,860
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	100	45	55	312,210	150,825	161,390
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	140	65	70	396,090	192,745	203,340
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	55	30	20	193,345	93,485	99,855
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	85	40	50	202,740	99,260	103,480
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	40	10	25	205,770	113,500	92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	390	190	200	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	25	0	20	112,295	56,755	55,540
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	65	35	30	201,385	101,555	99,835
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	100	35	65	213,035	96,175	116,860
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	190	110	80	594,845	292,975	301,875
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	10	0	10	89,045	41,505	47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	390	190	200	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	100	45	55	264,885	121,740	143,145
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	15	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730
Guyana	1,350	660	690	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	25	15	15	86,105	38,285	47,820
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	15	10	0	17,390	7,935	9,455
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	25	10	15	61,020	28,545	32,480
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	75	45	35	309,015	154,110	154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025
Croatia	760	390	375	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	10	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340
Hungary	1,365	650	720	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	40	25	15	43,975	21,940	22,040
Netherlands	500	310	190	0	0	0	1,655	870	785
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	15	10	10	17,000	8,190	8,805
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	0	0	0	1,610	760	850
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	10	10	0	47,310	23,240	24,075
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	105	45	55	302,010	153,655	148,355
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	40	25	15	72,835	37,535	35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805
Eritrea	495	250	250	0	0	0	600	305	300
Ethiopia	660	305	355	0	0	0	1,045	485	565
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	30	10	20	68,865	34,810	34,060
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025
Somalia	400	200	200	0	0	0	675	330	350
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	0	0	0	1,025	575	450
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	30	10	15	118,820	60,455	58,360
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	105	45	55	332,925	158,445	174,475
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215
Iraq	1,610	890	725	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	10	0	10	7,450	3,850	3,605
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	15	0	10	52,500	23,010	29,490
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	25	10	15	25,485	11,580	13,900
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	15	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	20	0	15	44,455	20,665	23,790
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	90	35	50	202,740	99,265	103,480
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	20	0	15	30,910	14,985	15,920
Brazil	1,105	455	645	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410
Colombia	1,260	575	685	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395
Jamaica	135	70	60	0	0	0	215	130	90
Mexico	1,320	690	625	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655
Germany	235	130	105	0	0	0	530	295	240
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	0	0	0	100	85	15
Italy	420	260	160	0	0	0	700	420	285
Russian Federation	625	235	390	0	0	0	1,365	515	850
Ukraine	750	355	395	0	0	0	1,660	720	940
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	0	0	0	975	615	360
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	55	30	25	70,310	34,215	36,095
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	35	15	20	13,975	6,730	7,245
Burundi	715	385	335	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255
Egypt	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135
Eritrea	275	145	125	0	0	0	300	160	135
Ethiopia	90	40	45	0	0	0	155	75	75
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080
Nigeria	550	310	240	0	0	0	995	525	470
Somalia	40	25	20	0	0	0	75	40	30
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	0	0	0	190	100	85
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	0	0	0	100	55	45
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	15	10	0	6,640	3,375	3,260
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	10	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120
Afghanistan	180	95	85	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265
Bangladesh	960	465	495	0	0	0	1,190	565	625
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	0	0	0	150	70	75
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235
Iraq	245	145	100	0	0	0	715	385	325
Israel	145	90	60	0	0	0	395	205	185
Japan	185	55	130	0	0	0	325	75	250
Jordan	355	160	195	0	0	0	565	285	275
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	0	0	0	1,355	585	775
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700
Nepal	180	110	75	0	0	0	245	140	100
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	0	0	0	1,390	790	600
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	0	0	0	710	320	385
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425
Turkey	520	295	225	0	0	0	800	450	355
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	0	0	0	975	510	470
Viet Nam	910	395	515	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	0	0	0	510	355	160
Australia	195	125	65	0	0	0	295	195	95
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	0	0	0	220	160	60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	805	425	380	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	435	205	230	1,471,845	728,125	743,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	175	135	45	883,485	446,000	437,490
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	195	85	105	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	340	155	180	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	170	100	70	559,935	290,040	269,895
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	100	70	35	267,870	161,125	106,740
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	65	30	40	292,070	128,915	163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	105	25	80	272,255	109,735	162,515
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	60	30	25	175,740	89,995	85,740
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	340	155	180	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	45	25	30	89,850	47,360	42,495
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	20	10	10	94,185	46,445	47,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	10	0	10	25,505	13,385	12,115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	20	15	10	48,805	27,680	21,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	230	110	125	756,120	358,700	397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	805	425	380	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	415	225	185	1,340,735	662,065	678,670
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	30	25	0	127,990	67,140	60,850
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	30	10	25	115,240	51,375	63,865
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	70	40	35	422,405	206,335	216,070
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	115	60	55	280,075	146,990	133,085
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	115	65	50	172,925	85,035	87,880
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	40	20	15	70,455	33,510	36,945
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	10	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	390	195	190	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	805	425	380	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	60	25	35	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	20	0	15	177,710	88,910	88,800
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	45	15	30	404,190	193,440	210,745
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	70	25	45	1,778,900	897,890	881,010
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	10	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	40	15	25	123,985	55,730	68,255
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	105	50	55	316,315	157,600	158,720
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	30	25	0	65,790	34,390	31,405
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	20	20	0	931,940	465,630	466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	25	0	25	588,805	290,630	298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	15	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	10	10	0	99,420	50,795	48,625
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	20	15	10	64,385	32,135	32,255
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	20	10	0	46,600	22,380	24,230
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	25	20	0	77,735	37,960	39,775
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	20	10	0	45,570	21,910	23,665
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	35	15	15	104,735	55,130	49,610
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	15	15	0	69,705	35,085	34,620
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	10	10	0	46,765	22,775	23,995
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425
Danish	1,820	845	970	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	60	40	25	156,065	73,495	82,570
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	30	10	10	34,305	16,985	17,320
Mennonite	385	195	195	0	0	0	695	325	365
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110
Finnish	1,000	425	580	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	55	40	15	27,170	13,580	13,585
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970
Icelandic	345	205	145	0	0	0	1,135	660	470
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	25	15	15	39,485	18,805	20,680
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	45	25	30	81,230	41,590	39,635
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	30	0	25	31,590	15,820	15,770
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	10	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465
Serbian	1,755	835	920	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700
Ojibway	250	130	125	0	0	0	1,120	540	585
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	0	0	0	1,830	935	895
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080
Ontarian	795	370	430	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	15	0	10	15,620	7,850	7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	25	10	15	65,860	33,955	31,905
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530
Slovak	1,375	640	735	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790
Somali	1,155	550	610	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995
South African	465	220	245	0	0	0	1,045	545	500
Australian	830	405	425	0	0	0	1,820	885	935
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	0	0	0	1,430	640	790
Ethiopian	965	495	475	0	0	0	1,440	740	705
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	30	15	15	17,600	8,335	9,265
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265
Maltese	360	200	160	0	0	0	1,095	585	510
Macedonian	325	165	160	0	0	0	680	325	355
Slovenian	825	365	455	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560
Gujarati	880	475	405	0	0	0	1,340	710	630
Eritrean	615	305	310	0	0	0	800	400	400
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	0	0	0	1,620	790	830
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815
Albertan	100	35	65	0	0	0	410	175	240
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390
African American	1,600	790	810	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030
Bosnian	510	245	270	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455
Latvian	625	330	295	0	0	0	1,640	760	875
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	0	0	0	1,445	705	745
Northern Irish	310	160	150	0	0	0	1,200	595	600
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	0	0	0	1,695	890	800
British Columbian	90	40	50	0	0	0	280	110	170
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925
Estonian	365	215	150	0	0	0	885	450	435
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0	50	15	35
Jatt	390	185	205	0	0	0	605	290	315
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290
Thai	1,150	395	755	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800
Nepali	430	240	185	0	0	0	980	505	475
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440
Assyrian	345	150	200	0	0	0	835	395	440
Igbo	565	325	240	0	0	0	880	535	340
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	0	0	0	70	40	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	0	0	0	430	210	220
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615
New Zealander	265	150	115	0	0	0	625	360	265
Sudanese	300	155	145	0	0	0	500	245	255
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0	140	50	90
Malaysian	375	205	165	0	0	0	840	405	440
Plains Cree	35	15	20	0	0	0	180	95	90
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	0	0	0	245	110	130
Buddhist	690	295	400	0	0	0	1,365	635	730
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780
Norman	1,850	905	940	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	0	0	0	475	225	250
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905
Saulteaux	35	10	15	0	0	0	155	80	80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	0	0	0	1,485	750	735
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970
Tigrinya	370	210	160	0	0	0	410	230	185
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700
Kenyan	210	95	115	0	0	0	525	245	280
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840
Jordanian	770	430	340	0	0	0	1,455	815	635
Manitoban	110	45	60	0	0	0	480	225	255
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	0	0	0	205	95	110
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380
Grenadian	910	350	560	0	0	0	1,445	590	850
Malayali	335	185	150	0	0	0	450	235	215
Chaldean	110	40	75	0	0	0	265	115	155
Sinhalese	310	150	165	0	0	0	520	255	265
Mayan	1,695	900	795	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080
Cherokee	195	90	100	0	0	0	640	320	315
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0	0	0	55	15	40
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	0	0	0	500	220	280
Flemish	520	265	255	0	0	0	1,595	830	765
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	0	0	0	340	180	160
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	0	0	0	990	500	490
Sicilian	970	495	470	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050
Pashtun	475	245	220	0	0	0	750	410	335
Malay	300	135	165	0	0	0	495	215	280
Goan	115	55	60	0	0	0	300	140	165
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195
Tibetan	135	65	70	0	0	0	260	125	135
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	0	0	0	425	225	200
Burmese	225	105	120	0	0	0	580	265	320
Mongolian	480	210	270	0	0	0	1,165	550	620
Azorean	730	310	415	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095
Atikamekw	325	145	180	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	0	0	0	180	90	90
Ugandan	100	55	50	0	0	0	240	100	145
Oromo	50	25	25	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tanzanian	175	85	90	0	0	0	485	250	240
Yemeni	515	275	240	0	0	0	795	435	365
Central African	1,415	675	740	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950
Libyan	590	320	270	0	0	0	980	485	495
Basque	980	515	465	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850
Uruguayan	785	450	335	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	0	0	0	1,870	925	945
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930
Igorot	290	105	185	0	0	0	340	130	210
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725
St. Lucian	255	100	155	0	0	0	520	240	280
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65
Maliseet	200	70	135	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170
Telugu	180	125	55	0	0	0	320	205	115
Roma	235	110	125	0	0	0	525	270	250
Costa Rican	720	425	295	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	0	0	0	365	180	180
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630
Kashmiri	75	40	30	0	0	0	280	160	125
Singaporean	75	55	15	0	0	0	160	100	65
Karen	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30
Edo	290	130	155	0	0	0	425	195	230
Tajik	100	45	55	0	0	0	635	300	335
Amhara	95	45	45	0	0	0	160	85	75
Paraguayan	90	35	60	0	0	0	315	145	175
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	805	425	380	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	35	15	15	48,365	21,395	26,980
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	375	195	180	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	75	45	25	464,020	229,155	234,860
Anabaptist	195	80	120	0	0	0	800	365	435
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	245	130	115	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	35	15	20	145,805	70,840	74,965
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180
Reformed	310	150	165	0	0	0	1,220	620	600
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	15	0	10	104,790	48,840	55,950
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	25	20	0	47,390	25,045	22,345
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	130	60	65	421,710	218,255	203,455
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	220	120	110	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	800	420	380	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	700	365	335	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	100	60	45	945,290	466,750	478,540
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	55	35	25	543,670	268,740	274,925
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	45	20	20	401,625	198,010	203,615
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	25	10	15	349,095	170,740	178,355
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	10	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	15	0	10	28,085	14,185	13,895
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	20	10	0	52,530	27,270	25,265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	770	400	375	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	365	190	175	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	405	210	200	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	215	110	105	1,312,590	644,860	667,730
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	195	100	95	1,763,060	874,090	888,970
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	85	50	35	1,442,970	707,975	734,995
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	60	40	20	1,359,165	666,050	693,115
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	25	10	10	83,805	41,925	41,880
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	110	45	60	320,090	166,115	153,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	680	340	340	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	135	80	55	1,426,055	773,160	652,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	550	260	285	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	510	260	245	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	70	50	20	642,800	382,415	260,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	440	215	225	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	685	340	335	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	115	70	50	1,256,550	656,495	600,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	150	70	80	1,482,020	719,250	762,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	410	205	205	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	195	95	100	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	55	25	20	1,096,360	666,925	429,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	45	20	20	793,030	427,220	365,815
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	0	0	0	303,330	239,705	63,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	110	45	65	1,202,040	528,525	673,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	35	20	15	252,815	102,150	150,665
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	215	110	105	1,628,940	741,170	887,765
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	145	80	70	1,011,695	443,295	568,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	15	15	0	149,425	66,595	82,825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	45	20	20	360,795	174,150	186,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	510	265	250	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	60	45	15	525,155	303,815	221,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	95	40	55	752,855	388,160	364,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	355	180	175	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	150	75	75	1,849,290	942,950	906,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	35	15	25	836,455	498,385	338,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	35	15	25	609,895	319,470	290,425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	80	40	40	838,140	372,455	465,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	35	25	10	174,695	72,115	102,580
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	200	100	95	1,307,225	573,835	733,395
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	130	70	60	802,755	343,100	459,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	15	10	0	119,460	50,155	69,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	40	20	25	302,065	140,530	161,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	680	345	335	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	270	135	130	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	35	25	10	292,470	65,830	226,640
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	35	25	10	292,470	65,830	226,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	20	10	10	166,900	75,420	91,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	10	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	10	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	15	0	10	228,770	90,810	137,960
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	40	20	25	430,845	142,280	288,570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	10	0	10	57,080	19,060	38,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	10	10	0	77,880	29,725	48,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	25	10	15	134,510	67,065	67,440
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	105	45	60	950,820	357,290	593,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	0	0	0	780	305	475
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	100	45	55	894,690	344,770	549,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	15	0	15	158,655	83,605	75,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	25	25	0	177,780	124,955	52,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	25	25	0	147,845	110,915	36,930
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	70	60	0	866,885	778,835	88,060
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	50	40	0	181,290	147,120	34,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	180	65	115
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	10	10	0	120,835	114,865	5,975
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	45	10	35	515,215	101,455	413,760
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	45	10	35	470,150	78,875	391,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	0	0	0	845	270	575
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	30	10	25	291,295	157,925	133,365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	20	0	15	154,335	42,710	111,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	355	320	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	0	0	0	1,280	370	905
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	510	260	245	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	160	85	75	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	35	25	10	195,595	39,630	155,965
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	35	25	10	195,595	39,630	155,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	20	0	10	129,065	58,170	70,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	10	0	10	110,860	45,555	65,305
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	15	0	10	144,140	56,410	87,730
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	0	0	0	1,415	485	930
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	35	15	20	334,475	103,635	230,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	10	0	10	47,510	15,360	32,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	20	10	10	101,105	49,385	51,720
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	90	45	45	741,390	268,705	472,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	0	0	0	545	245	300
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	85	45	40	697,775	259,725	438,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	20	0	15	102,055	53,195	48,865
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	20	20	0	147,350	104,880	42,465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	20	20	0	126,845	95,720	31,120
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	50	40	10	665,365	588,950	76,415
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	40	25	10	152,450	121,715	30,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	170	65	105
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	35	10	25	387,725	74,730	312,995
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	35	10	25	352,905	58,735	294,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	0	0	0	730	180	550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	30	10	25	229,120	122,320	106,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	20	0	20	120,395	31,320	89,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	280	250	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0	0	0	900	770	125
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	0	0	0	1,040	290	750
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	510	260	245	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	160	85	75	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	350	180	175	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	240	120	120	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	225	105	120	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	20	15	0	116,855	57,870	58,990
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	110	55	55	414,490	209,160	205,330
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	15	0	10	81,780	40,955	40,820
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	10	0	10	9,685	4,330	5,350
Cuba	1,340	685	660	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245
Jamaica	110	70	45	0	0	0	215	125	95
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340
Peru	1,375	580	795	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	15	10	0	138,260	74,045	64,210
Belgium	1,775	910	865	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135
Germany	1,035	560	475	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070
Netherlands	465	260	205	0	0	0	935	530	415
Switzerland	965	570	400	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090
Hungary	195	105	95	0	0	0	370	190	180
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750
Poland	815	285	530	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	0	0	0	465	290	175
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	10	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	0	0	0	715	360	360
Italy	1,325	760	565	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0	345	155	180
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	55	25	30	95,260	49,800	45,460
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	0	0	0	1,835	955	880
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	20	10	15	30,560	15,715	14,850
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	15	0	10	19,240	9,910	9,330
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	15	15	0	10,865	6,135	4,730
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	0	0	0	585	290	295
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	30	15	15	96,865	43,055	53,805
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075
Iraq	330	180	150	0	0	0	795	380	415
Israel	520	285	235	0	0	0	1,315	650	665
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165
Turkey	695	400	295	10	0	0	1,210	685	525
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570
Taiwan	365	150	220	0	0	0	665	235	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	0	0	0	405	170	235
Japan	800	300	500	0	0	0	1,395	435	955
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	0	0	0	970	410	565
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205
Oceania	1,305	730	575	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025
Australia	1,095	610	490	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785
New Zealand	165	100	70	0	0	0	400	215	185
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	0	0	0	130	75	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	685	340	335	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	445	235	210	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	400	220	175	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	45	15	30	335,015	176,245	158,775
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	235	110	130	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	65.0	69.1	62.7	64.1	67.4	60.9
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	58.4	64.7	52.2	59.3	62.3	56.3
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	10.1	6.4	14.3	7.6	7.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	680	345	335	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	240	115	130	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	440	230	210	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	225	120	100	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	215	105	110	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	38.6	39.6	37.6	41.3	41.7	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	445	235	210	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	15	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	430	230	200	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	405	210	190	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	335	160	175	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	70	50	20	623,510	296,655	326,850
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	35	35	0	217,905	94,210	123,700
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	30	20	15	405,605	202,450	203,155
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	25	20	10	530,720	324,555	206,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	445	235	210	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	15	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	430	230	200	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	80	30	50	778,905	256,150	522,760
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	45	40	0	360,495	272,510	87,985
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	15	10	10	359,665	70,075	289,590
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	85	55	35	558,725	166,020	392,700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	20	0	10	146,560	72,400	74,165
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	140	70	75	1,064,155	499,825	564,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	35	25	15	702,290	645,355	56,935
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	10	10	0	207,740	150,405	57,335
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	445	235	210	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	15	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	430	230	200	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	15	10	0	296,035	254,795	41,240
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	45	30	20	449,115	320,715	128,405
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	20	15	0	147,340	96,670	50,670
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	50	25	25	514,090	248,905	265,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	15	10	10	209,445	161,115	48,330
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	10	10	0	94,130	57,495	36,630
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	40	10	30	169,985	74,020	95,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	30	10	20	345,345	193,365	151,985
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	10	10	0	171,345	104,695	66,645
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	45	25	20	340,885	104,300	236,590
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	45	15	35	617,200	122,675	494,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	30	20	10	232,480	109,950	122,530
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	25	15	10	190,470	89,730	100,735
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	45	30	15	290,765	144,705	146,055
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	485	245	235	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	80	50	30	350,525	195,385	155,145
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	180	90	90	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	195	90	105	1,245,535	671,300	574,230
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	20	15	0	20,370	9,725	10,645
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	0	0	0	725	435	290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	485	245	235	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	430	225	205	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	420	225	195	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	115	60	50	668,485	365,785	302,695
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	305	165	140	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	15	0	15	36,245	19,120	17,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	15	0	15	26,030	13,980	12,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075
Berber languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	35	25	10
Kabyle	20	15	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,190	670	520	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	40	0	0	0	160	70	95
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	0	0	0	1,640	720	920
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	0	0	0	1,325	585	745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	150	70	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	0	0	0	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages	210	95	110	0	0	0	330	150	175
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	0	0	0	325	145	175
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	0	0	0	160	65	95
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	75	25	45	0	0	0	150	65	85
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Armenian	80	60	25	0	0	0	310	200	115
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0	55	20	30
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	30	65	0	0	0	135	45	90
Russian	385	130	250	0	0	0	735	280	450
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0	0	0	55	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	0	0	0	1,420	725	695
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	790	385	405	0	0	0	1,345	680	665
German	95	65	35	0	0	0	300	175	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Yiddish	695	325	375	0	0	0	1,000	485	520
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	0	0	0	35	20	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	40	20	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Swedish	15	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	175	55	120	0	0	0	420	180	240
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885
Bengali	85	25	55	0	0	0	115	40	70
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0	35	10	20
Hindi	120	55	60	0	0	0	145	70	75
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	0	0	0	1,480	855	625
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	45	0	0	0	160	80	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	285	175	110	0	0	0	600	345	255
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	25	20	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	255	150	105	0	0	0	570	320	250
Dari	20	10	10	0	0	0	185	115	75
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	0	0	0	365	200	165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	310	160	150	0	0	0	445	220	225
Portuguese	245	90	155	0	0	0	485	185	300
Romanian	80	50	30	0	0	0	230	135	95
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	125	25	105	0	0	0	220	40	185
Korean	240	100	145	0	0	0	370	165	215
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	0	0	0	90	55	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lingala	15	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages	85	30	55	0	0	0	325	125	195
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	0	0	0	265	100	170
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	0	0	0	75	30	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	50	15	35
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	30	0	0	0	140	65	70
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	80	50	30	0	0	0	135	65	70
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	60	25	35	269,365	142,370	126,995
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	50	20	30	249,945	132,640	117,300
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	0	0	0	90	30	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	485	245	235	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	325	160	160	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	115	60	55	720,960	391,075	329,885
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	40	15	25	302,145	161,340	140,805
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	15	15	0	32,245	16,505	15,745
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	15	15	0	29,220	15,155	14,065
English and French	1,155	540	610	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0	0	0	280	160	125
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	400	220	180	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	95	45	50	897,770	435,285	462,480
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	40	20	15	442,035	333,730	108,305
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	270	150	115	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	270	150	110	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	250	145	100	1,475,055	685,340	789,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	0	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	15	10	10	823,150	442,385	380,765
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	310	175	130	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	150	110	40	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	135	110	30	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	140	50	90	287,345	120,460	166,885
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	15	15	0	40,420	26,585	13,835
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	310	175	130	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	35	25	0	1,005,850	482,465	523,385
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	85	55	30	1,110,975	578,835	532,140
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	65	30	40	635,870	363,430	272,445
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	100	55	45	235,140	133,720	101,425
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	25	15	10	206,480	126,635	79,840
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	310	175	130	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	20	20	0	241,420	189,270	52,155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	55	30	25	569,745	368,480	201,265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	95	50	45	935,640	441,465	494,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	45	15	30	626,895	259,220	367,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	40	30	15	330,930	142,495	188,435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	55	35	15	489,685	284,160	205,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	155	90	65	1,677,585	859,745	817,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	40	20	15	303,835	156,030	147,805
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	115	65	50	1,373,745	703,720	670,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	125	70	55	1,222,970	626,390	596,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	30	20	10	230,080	118,075	112,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	30	20	10	175,305	90,000	85,305
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	5	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	90	45	45	992,895	508,315	484,580

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not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 20, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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