Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
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Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Family characteristics
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Population and dwelling counts
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Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Fredericton, City (C)More information:
New Brunswick
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 York, County (CT)More information:
New Brunswick
[Census division]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 63,116 ... ... ... ... ... 105,261 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 58,721r ... ... ... ... ... 99,453r ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 7.5 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 29,892 ... ... ... ... ... 48,294 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 28,478 ... ... ... ... ... 45,259 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 471.3 ... ... 471.3 ... ... 13.0 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 133.93 ... ... ... ... ... 8,095.10 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 63,115 30,205 32,910 100.0 100.0 100.0 105,260 51,385 53,875 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 9,120 4,615 4,505 14.4 15.3 13.7 16,310 8,300 8,005 15.5 16.2 14.9
0 to 4 years 2,760 1,420 1,340 4.4 4.7 4.1 4,750 2,480 2,260 4.5 4.8 4.2
5 to 9 years 3,255 1,650 1,605 5.2 5.5 4.9 5,760 2,915 2,845 5.5 5.7 5.3
10 to 14 years 3,100 1,540 1,555 4.9 5.1 4.7 5,800 2,910 2,895 5.5 5.7 5.4
15 to 64 years 41,455 20,275 21,180 65.7 67.1 64.4 68,040 33,570 34,470 64.6 65.3 64.0
15 to 19 years 3,340 1,670 1,670 5.3 5.5 5.1 5,830 2,965 2,870 5.5 5.8 5.3
20 to 24 years 5,590 2,810 2,780 8.9 9.3 8.4 7,475 3,805 3,670 7.1 7.4 6.8
25 to 29 years 5,005 2,565 2,440 7.9 8.5 7.4 6,795 3,455 3,340 6.5 6.7 6.2
30 to 34 years 4,300 2,130 2,170 6.8 7.1 6.6 6,505 3,205 3,300 6.2 6.2 6.1
35 to 39 years 4,310 2,130 2,185 6.8 7.1 6.6 6,950 3,420 3,530 6.6 6.7 6.6
40 to 44 years 3,995 1,960 2,035 6.3 6.5 6.2 6,655 3,210 3,440 6.3 6.2 6.4
45 to 49 years 3,770 1,765 2,010 6.0 5.8 6.1 6,715 3,235 3,480 6.4 6.3 6.5
50 to 54 years 3,585 1,705 1,885 5.7 5.6 5.7 6,585 3,250 3,335 6.3 6.3 6.2
55 to 59 years 3,830 1,790 2,040 6.1 5.9 6.2 7,460 3,620 3,840 7.1 7.0 7.1
60 to 64 years 3,730 1,755 1,975 5.9 5.8 6.0 7,065 3,410 3,655 6.7 6.6 6.8
65 years and over 12,540 5,320 7,225 19.9 17.6 22.0 20,915 9,510 11,405 19.9 18.5 21.2
65 to 69 years 3,555 1,565 1,990 5.6 5.2 6.0 6,580 3,085 3,495 6.3 6.0 6.5
70 to 74 years 3,275 1,445 1,835 5.2 4.8 5.6 5,710 2,710 3,000 5.4 5.3 5.6
75 to 79 years 2,340 1,015 1,325 3.7 3.4 4.0 3,855 1,780 2,075 3.7 3.5 3.9
80 to 84 years 1,735 735 995 2.7 2.4 3.0 2,550 1,135 1,410 2.4 2.2 2.6
85 years and over 1,650 565 1,085 2.6 1.9 3.3 2,220 800 1,415 2.1 1.6 2.6
85 to 89 years 995 370 625 1.6 1.2 1.9 1,385 530 850 1.3 1.0 1.6
90 to 94 years 500 150 355 0.8 0.5 1.1 645 215 430 0.6 0.4 0.8
95 to 99 years 135 35 100 0.2 0.1 0.3 170 50 125 0.2 0.1 0.2
100 years and over 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 14.4 15.3 13.7 14.4 15.3 13.7 15.5 16.2 14.9 15.5 16.2 14.9
15 to 64 years 65.7 67.1 64.4 65.7 67.1 64.4 64.6 65.3 64.0 64.6 65.3 64.0
65 years and over 19.9 17.6 22.0 19.9 17.6 22.0 19.9 18.5 21.2 19.9 18.5 21.2
85 years and over 2.6 1.9 3.3 2.6 1.9 3.3 2.1 1.6 2.6 2.1 1.6 2.6
Average age of the population 41.7 40.2 43.0 41.7 40.2 43.0 42.2 41.2 43.1 42.2 41.2 43.1
Median age of the population 40.0 38.0 41.6 40.0 38.0 41.6 42.0 40.8 43.2 42.0 40.8 43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 28,475 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 12,460 ... ... 43.8 ... ... 27,395 ... ... 60.5 ... ...
Semi-detached house 790 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 935 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Row house 1,245 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 1,295 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 2,375 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 2,720 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 9,930 ... ... 34.9 ... ... 10,205 ... ... 22.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 420 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 420 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
Other single-attached house 170 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 190 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,095 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 2,105 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 9,690 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 13,170 ... ... 29.1 ... ...
2 persons 10,675 ... ... 37.5 ... ... 17,560 ... ... 38.8 ... ...
3 persons 3,815 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 6,535 ... ... 14.4 ... ...
4 persons 2,915 ... ... 10.2 ... ... 5,385 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,390 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 2,600 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 61,835 29,690 32,145 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,760 53,005 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 53,995 25,590 28,410 100.0 100.0 100.0 88,955 43,080 45,870 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 28,895 14,445 14,445 53.5 56.4 50.8 52,095 26,015 26,085 58.6 60.4 56.9
Married 22,570 11,285 11,285 41.8 44.1 39.7 42,030 20,985 21,040 47.2 48.7 45.9
Living common-law 6,320 3,160 3,165 11.7 12.3 11.1 10,065 5,030 5,040 11.3 11.7 11.0
Living common law - Never married 4,840 2,440 2,405 9.0 9.5 8.5 7,310 3,650 3,655 8.2 8.5 8.0
Living common law - Separated 300 160 145 0.6 0.6 0.5 575 300 270 0.6 0.7 0.6
Living common law - Divorced 1,045 510 530 1.9 2.0 1.9 1,955 980 975 2.2 2.3 2.1
Living common law - Widowed 135 50 80 0.3 0.2 0.3 230 95 140 0.3 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 25,105 11,145 13,965 46.5 43.6 49.2 36,860 17,070 19,790 41.4 39.6 43.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married 16,740 8,705 8,035 31.0 34.0 28.3 24,220 12,940 11,285 27.2 30.0 24.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated 1,675 665 1,010 3.1 2.6 3.6 2,605 1,115 1,485 2.9 2.6 3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 3,495 1,180 2,315 6.5 4.6 8.1 5,130 1,985 3,150 5.8 4.6 6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 3,200 600 2,600 5.9 2.3 9.2 4,895 1,035 3,865 5.5 2.4 8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 16,955 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30,155 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 9,915 ... ... 58.5 ... ... 17,150 ... ... 56.9 ... ...
3 persons 3,315 ... ... 19.6 ... ... 6,000 ... ... 19.9 ... ...
4 persons 2,680 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 5,020 ... ... 16.6 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,045 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 1,985 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 16,960 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30,155 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 14,165 ... ... 83.5 ... ... 25,655 ... ... 85.1 ... ...
Married couples 11,000 ... ... 64.9 ... ... 20,620 ... ... 68.4 ... ...
With children6 5,150 ... ... 30.4 ... ... 9,590 ... ... 31.8 ... ...
Without children 5,850 ... ... 34.5 ... ... 11,030 ... ... 36.6 ... ...
Common-law couples 3,165 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 5,035 ... ... 16.7 ... ...
With children6 925 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 1,815 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
Without children 2,240 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 3,215 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
Total one-parent families 2,795 ... ... 16.5 ... ... 4,500 ... ... 14.9 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 2,250 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 3,485 ... ... 11.6 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 540 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 1,015 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 61,835 29,690 32,145 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,765 50,760 53,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 46,200 22,575 23,625 74.7 76.0 73.5 83,080 41,030 42,050 80.1 80.8 79.3
Married spouses or common-law partners 28,330 14,150 14,175 45.8 47.7 44.1 51,310 25,615 25,695 49.4 50.5 48.5
Parents in one-parent families 2,790 545 2,250 4.5 1.8 7.0 4,500 1,020 3,485 4.3 2.0 6.6
Children6 15,080 7,880 7,200 24.4 26.5 22.4 27,270 14,400 12,875 26.3 28.4 24.3
In a two-parent family 11,005 5,665 5,340 17.8 19.1 16.6 20,615 10,745 9,865 19.9 21.2 18.6
In a one-parent family 4,075 2,215 1,855 6.6 7.5 5.8 6,660 3,650 3,005 6.4 7.2 5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 15,640 7,120 8,515 25.3 24.0 26.5 20,690 9,735 10,955 19.9 19.2 20.7
Living alone 9,695 3,900 5,790 15.7 13.1 18.0 13,175 5,755 7,415 12.7 11.3 14.0
Living with other relatives7 1,165 495 675 1.9 1.7 2.1 1,865 785 1,080 1.8 1.5 2.0
Living with non-relatives only 4,780 2,725 2,050 7.7 9.2 6.4 5,655 3,195 2,460 5.4 6.3 4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,255 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 15,635 ... ... 54.9 ... ... 27,645 ... ... 61.1 ... ...
Couple-family households 13,265 ... ... 46.6 ... ... 23,955 ... ... 52.9 ... ...
With children6 5,700 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 10,645 ... ... 23.5 ... ...
Without children 7,565 ... ... 26.6 ... ... 13,315 ... ... 29.4 ... ...
One-parent-family households 2,370 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 3,690 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 335 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 740 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 85 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 165 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 660 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 1,080 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 2,070 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 2,460 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
One-person households 9,690 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 13,170 ... ... 29.1 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 52,730 25,085 27,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,475 42,465 45,005 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 50,985 24,205 26,785 96.7 96.5 96.9 84,335 40,890 43,445 96.4 96.3 96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,400 44,400 37,200 40,400 44,400 37,200 40,800 45,600 37,200 40,800 45,600 37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 51,000 24,210 26,785 96.7 96.5 96.9 84,370 40,915 43,455 96.5 96.3 96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,000 39,200 33,600 36,000 39,200 33,600 36,400 40,000 33,600 36,400 40,000 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 46,520 22,520 23,990 88.2 89.8 86.8 76,195 37,645 38,550 87.1 88.6 85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 34,400 40,000 29,800 34,400 40,000 29,800 35,200 41,200 30,000 35,200 41,200 30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 37,150 18,715 18,430 70.5 74.6 66.7 61,080 31,185 29,895 69.8 73.4 66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 34,400 38,400 31,400 34,400 38,400 31,400 36,000 40,400 32,400 36,000 40,400 32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 39,955 17,425 22,520 75.8 69.5 81.5 65,425 29,115 36,310 74.8 68.6 80.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,300 9,700 10,800 10,300 9,700 10,800 10,800 10,600 10,900 10,800 10,600 10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 5,860 2,870 2,995 11.1 11.4 10.8 10,395 5,250 5,145 11.9 12.4 11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,520 5,480 5,480 5,520 5,480 5,720 5,920 5,520 5,720 5,920 5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 13,305 6,255 7,045 25.2 24.9 25.5 20,875 9,935 10,940 23.9 23.4 24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,500 7,500 8,000 7,500 7,500 8,000 7,500 7,500 8,000 7,500 7,500 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 52,730 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,430 42,440 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 51,025 24,185 26,840 96.8 96.4 97.1 84,300 40,855 43,445 96.4 96.3 96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 51,080 57,250 45,520 51,080 57,250 45,520 50,720 57,400 44,480 50,720 57,400 44,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 51,040 24,200 26,840 96.8 96.5 97.1 84,335 40,885 43,450 96.5 96.3 96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,520 46,880 38,560 42,520 46,880 38,560 42,320 47,080 37,840 42,320 47,080 37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 46,590 22,495 24,095 88.4 89.7 87.1 76,140 37,570 38,565 87.1 88.5 85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,680 53,650 40,160 46,680 53,650 40,160 46,520 53,950 39,240 46,520 53,950 39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 37,145 18,725 18,420 70.4 74.7 66.6 61,075 31,210 29,865 69.9 73.5 66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,040 50,440 39,560 45,040 50,440 39,560 45,720 51,800 39,360 45,720 51,800 39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 39,915 17,380 22,535 75.7 69.3 81.5 65,225 29,005 36,215 74.6 68.3 80.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,810 10,240 11,260 10,810 10,240 11,260 11,290 10,980 11,540 11,290 10,980 11,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 5,555 2,760 2,790 10.5 11.0 10.1 10,170 5,150 5,020 11.6 12.1 11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,375 6,270 6,480 6,375 6,270 6,480 6,810 6,910 6,710 6,810 6,910 6,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 13,045 6,240 6,800 24.7 24.9 24.6 20,550 9,865 10,690 23.5 23.2 23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,410 8,240 8,560 8,410 8,240 8,560 8,510 8,350 8,650 8,510 8,350 8,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 52,730 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,435 42,440 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 19,085 10,260 8,825 36.2 40.9 31.9 31,320 17,010 14,310 35.8 40.1 31.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,400 62,400 54,400 58,400 62,400 54,400 58,800 63,200 53,600 58,800 63,200 53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,500 72,700 61,450 67,500 72,700 61,450 67,900 74,000 60,550 67,900 74,000 60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 14,240 6,510 7,725 27.0 26.0 27.9 23,135 10,750 12,385 26.5 25.3 27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 15,000 16,400 14,000 15,000 16,400 14,000 15,900 18,000 14,600 15,900 18,000 14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 22,940 25,400 20,860 22,940 25,400 20,860 23,980 26,960 21,380 23,980 26,960 21,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 83.4 87.2 79.2 83.4 87.2 79.2 82.8 86.4 78.4 82.8 86.4 78.4
Employment income (%)19 64.2 68.2 59.7 64.2 68.2 59.7 65.2 69.0 60.8 65.2 69.0 60.8
Government transfers (%)20 16.6 12.8 20.8 16.6 12.8 20.8 17.2 13.6 21.6 17.2 13.6 21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.0 4.3 5.8 5.0 4.3 5.8 4.9 4.1 5.9 4.9 4.1 5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.2 3.7 4.8 4.2 3.7 4.8 4.1 3.5 4.8 4.1 3.5 4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 52,735 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,470 42,465 45,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 1,745 880 865 3.3 3.5 3.1 3,135 1,575 1,565 3.6 3.7 3.5
With total income 50,985 24,200 26,785 96.7 96.5 96.9 84,340 40,890 43,445 96.4 96.3 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 3,955 1,775 2,180 7.8 7.3 8.1 6,720 2,950 3,770 8.0 7.2 8.7
$10,000 to $19,999 5,825 2,295 3,530 11.4 9.5 13.2 9,700 3,805 5,895 11.5 9.3 13.6
$20,000 to $29,999 8,375 3,560 4,815 16.4 14.7 18.0 13,410 5,815 7,595 15.9 14.2 17.5
$30,000 to $39,999 7,110 3,175 3,930 13.9 13.1 14.7 11,495 5,205 6,285 13.6 12.7 14.5
$40,000 to $49,999 6,360 2,815 3,545 12.5 11.6 13.2 10,555 4,770 5,785 12.5 11.7 13.3
$50,000 to $59,999 4,675 2,180 2,490 9.2 9.0 9.3 7,955 3,845 4,105 9.4 9.4 9.4
$60,000 to $69,999 3,660 1,975 1,690 7.2 8.2 6.3 6,180 3,440 2,740 7.3 8.4 6.3
$70,000 to $79,999 2,850 1,485 1,365 5.6 6.1 5.1 4,785 2,635 2,145 5.7 6.4 4.9
$80,000 to $89,999 2,240 1,180 1,055 4.4 4.9 3.9 3,775 2,035 1,740 4.5 5.0 4.0
$90,000 to $99,999 1,530 850 685 3.0 3.5 2.6 2,680 1,540 1,140 3.2 3.8 2.6
$100,000 and over 4,405 2,900 1,505 8.6 12.0 5.6 7,090 4,850 2,240 8.4 11.9 5.2
$100,000 to $149,999 3,000 1,910 1,095 5.9 7.9 4.1 4,980 3,310 1,670 5.9 8.1 3.8
$150,000 and over 1,400 990 415 2.7 4.1 1.5 2,110 1,540 570 2.5 3.8 1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 52,735 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,470 42,465 45,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 1,735 870 860 3.3 3.5 3.1 3,105 1,550 1,555 3.5 3.7 3.5
With after-tax income 51,000 24,215 26,790 96.7 96.6 96.9 84,370 40,915 43,455 96.5 96.3 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,195 1,825 2,375 8.2 7.5 8.9 7,140 3,050 4,095 8.5 7.5 9.4
$10,000 to $19,999 6,075 2,405 3,675 11.9 9.9 13.7 10,125 3,995 6,130 12.0 9.8 14.1
$20,000 to $29,999 9,855 4,350 5,505 19.3 18.0 20.5 15,755 7,055 8,700 18.7 17.2 20.0
$30,000 to $39,999 8,640 3,800 4,835 16.9 15.7 18.0 14,120 6,370 7,750 16.7 15.6 17.8
$40,000 to $49,999 7,005 3,265 3,740 13.7 13.5 14.0 11,705 5,615 6,085 13.9 13.7 14.0
$50,000 to $59,999 4,975 2,530 2,450 9.8 10.4 9.1 8,475 4,485 3,990 10.0 11.0 9.2
$60,000 to $69,999 3,595 1,925 1,665 7.0 7.9 6.2 6,070 3,345 2,730 7.2 8.2 6.3
$70,000 to $79,999 2,330 1,255 1,070 4.6 5.2 4.0 4,000 2,240 1,755 4.7 5.5 4.0
$80,000 to $89,999 1,355 840 510 2.7 3.5 1.9 2,350 1,510 845 2.8 3.7 1.9
$90,000 to $99,999 880 585 295 1.7 2.4 1.1 1,425 975 445 1.7 2.4 1.0
$100,000 and over 2,095 1,430 660 4.1 5.9 2.5 3,195 2,270 930 3.8 5.5 2.1
$100,000 to $124,999 1,080 705 375 2.1 2.9 1.4 1,695 1,165 525 2.0 2.8 1.2
$125,000 and over 1,015 730 285 2.0 3.0 1.1 1,505 1,100 405 1.8 2.7 0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 52,735 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,470 42,465 45,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 15,585 6,365 9,220 29.6 25.4 33.3 26,395 11,280 15,110 30.2 26.6 33.6
With employment income 37,145 18,715 18,430 70.4 74.6 66.7 61,080 31,185 29,895 69.8 73.4 66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss) 4,710 2,200 2,510 12.7 11.8 13.6 7,610 3,625 3,985 12.5 11.6 13.3
$5,000 to $9,999 3,400 1,520 1,880 9.2 8.1 10.2 5,265 2,315 2,950 8.6 7.4 9.9
$10,000 to $19,999 4,830 2,235 2,590 13.0 11.9 14.1 7,560 3,495 4,070 12.4 11.2 13.6
$20,000 to $29,999 3,890 1,935 1,955 10.5 10.3 10.6 6,235 3,090 3,145 10.2 9.9 10.5
$30,000 to $39,999 3,640 1,705 1,930 9.8 9.1 10.5 6,260 2,895 3,365 10.2 9.3 11.3
$40,000 to $49,999 3,550 1,645 1,900 9.6 8.8 10.3 5,925 2,775 3,150 9.7 8.9 10.5
$50,000 to $59,999 2,790 1,405 1,385 7.5 7.5 7.5 4,840 2,495 2,350 7.9 8.0 7.9
$60,000 to $69,999 2,475 1,370 1,100 6.7 7.3 6.0 4,150 2,380 1,770 6.8 7.6 5.9
$70,000 to $79,999 1,945 1,065 880 5.2 5.7 4.8 3,275 1,855 1,420 5.4 5.9 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 1,620 840 780 4.4 4.5 4.2 2,790 1,460 1,335 4.6 4.7 4.5
$90,000 to $99,999 1,140 645 500 3.1 3.4 2.7 2,005 1,160 840 3.3 3.7 2.8
$100,000 and over 3,160 2,145 1,015 8.5 11.5 5.5 5,155 3,640 1,510 8.4 11.7 5.1
$100,000 to $124,999 1,490 960 530 4.0 5.1 2.9 2,555 1,715 840 4.2 5.5 2.8
$125,000 and over 1,675 1,185 485 4.5 6.3 2.6 2,600 1,925 675 4.3 6.2 2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 52,730 25,085 27,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,475 42,465 45,005 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 49,825 23,610 26,215 94.5 94.1 94.8 82,580 39,970 42,610 94.4 94.1 94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,200 42,400 33,200 37,200 42,400 33,200 38,400 44,000 33,600 38,400 44,000 33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 49,850 23,615 26,235 94.5 94.1 94.9 82,645 39,980 42,665 94.5 94.1 94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,600 37,200 30,600 33,600 37,200 30,600 34,400 38,800 30,800 34,400 38,800 30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 45,725 22,105 23,615 86.7 88.1 85.4 75,150 37,100 38,045 85.9 87.4 84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,000 39,600 29,600 34,000 39,600 29,600 35,200 41,600 30,200 35,200 41,600 30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 36,810 18,490 18,320 69.8 73.7 66.3 60,860 31,030 29,825 69.6 73.1 66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,000 38,000 30,600 34,000 38,000 30,600 36,000 40,800 32,400 36,000 40,800 32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 35,180 14,820 20,360 66.7 59.1 73.6 57,715 24,725 32,990 66.0 58.2 73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,400 5,240 7,000 6,400 5,240 7,000 7,400 7,350 7,450 7,400 7,350 7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 4,550 2,255 2,295 8.6 9.0 8.3 8,660 4,475 4,185 9.9 10.5 9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,440 5,520 5,480 5,440 5,520 5,840 6,040 5,640 5,840 6,040 5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 52,730 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,430 42,440 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 49,695 23,570 26,120 94.2 94.0 94.5 82,300 39,915 42,380 94.1 94.1 94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 47,920 54,650 41,840 47,920 54,650 41,840 48,120 55,250 41,440 48,120 55,250 41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 49,725 23,580 26,150 94.3 94.0 94.6 82,360 39,925 42,435 94.2 94.1 94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,800 44,640 35,440 39,800 44,640 35,440 40,000 45,120 35,200 40,000 45,120 35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 45,670 22,070 23,595 86.6 88.0 85.3 74,810 36,970 37,840 85.6 87.1 84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,880 53,350 38,920 45,880 53,350 38,920 46,280 54,000 38,720 46,280 54,000 38,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 36,650 18,470 18,175 69.5 73.6 65.7 60,600 31,000 29,600 69.3 73.0 65.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,680 50,240 39,000 44,680 50,240 39,000 45,720 51,800 39,360 45,720 51,800 39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 35,100 14,855 20,245 66.6 59.2 73.2 57,415 24,745 32,670 65.7 58.3 72.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,130 7,460 8,620 8,130 7,460 8,620 8,700 8,430 8,900 8,700 8,430 8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 4,350 2,170 2,175 8.2 8.7 7.9 8,360 4,360 4,005 9.6 10.3 8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,920 6,520 7,320 6,920 6,520 7,320 7,160 6,970 7,370 7,160 6,970 7,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 52,730 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,435 42,440 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 18,935 10,200 8,735 35.9 40.7 31.6 31,060 16,895 14,160 35.5 39.8 31.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 54,000 57,200 50,400 54,000 57,200 50,400 54,800 59,600 50,400 54,800 59,600 50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 62,900 68,100 56,900 62,900 68,100 56,900 63,800 69,800 56,700 63,800 69,800 56,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 13,045 5,955 7,085 24.7 23.7 25.6 21,345 9,935 11,405 24.4 23.4 25.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 18,200 20,600 16,200 18,200 20,600 16,200 20,400 23,000 17,800 20,400 23,000 17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 27,320 30,640 24,500 27,320 30,640 24,500 29,080 32,920 25,720 29,080 32,920 25,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 88.0 91.4 84.0 88.0 91.4 84.0 87.4 90.6 83.4 87.4 90.6 83.4
Employment income (%) 68.8 72.0 64.8 68.8 72.0 64.8 70.0 72.8 66.4 70.0 72.8 66.4
Government transfers (%) 12.0 8.6 16.0 12.0 8.6 16.0 12.6 9.5 16.6 12.6 9.5 16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 28,480 ... ... ... ... ... 45,260 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 77,500 ... ... 77,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 9,690 ... ... ... ... ... 13,170 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 42,400 ... ... 42,400 ... ... 40,800 ... ... 40,800 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 37,600 ... ... 37,600 ... ... 36,400 ... ... 36,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 18,790 ... ... ... ... ... 32,085 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 93,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 82,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 28,480 ... ... ... ... ... 45,260 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 91,500 ... ... 91,500 ... ... 94,500 ... ... 94,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 76,200 ... ... 76,200 ... ... 78,900 ... ... 78,900 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 9,690 ... ... ... ... ... 13,155 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 50,960 ... ... 50,960 ... ... 49,640 ... ... 49,640 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 42,760 ... ... 42,760 ... ... 41,760 ... ... 41,760 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 18,790 ... ... ... ... ... 32,105 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,400 ... ... 112,400 ... ... 112,900 ... ... 112,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 93,400 ... ... 93,400 ... ... 94,100 ... ... 94,100 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 28,475 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 275 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 375 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 335 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 440 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 445 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 585 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 490 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 720 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,195 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 1,895 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,100 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 1,550 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,140 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 1,685 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,215 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 1,850 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,295 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 1,915 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,325 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 1,955 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 2,440 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 3,620 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,345 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 3,560 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 2,150 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 3,315 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 1,960 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 3,140 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 1,615 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 2,660 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
$100,000 and over 9,165 ... ... 32.2 ... ... 15,990 ... ... 35.3 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 3,010 ... ... 10.6 ... ... 5,245 ... ... 11.6 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 2,040 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 3,720 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 2,300 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 4,080 ... ... 9.0 ... ...
$200,000 and over 1,810 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 2,945 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 28,475 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 290 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 405 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 335 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 435 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 460 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 610 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 515 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 755 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,340 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 2,085 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,320 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 1,850 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,335 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 1,980 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,530 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 2,305 ... ... 5.1 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,585 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 2,290 ... ... 5.1 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,490 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 2,235 ... ... 4.9 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 2,945 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 4,395 ... ... 9.7 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,660 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 4,170 ... ... 9.2 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 2,365 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 3,835 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 1,980 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 3,335 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 1,615 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 2,795 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$100,000 and over 6,710 ... ... 23.6 ... ... 11,780 ... ... 26.0 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 2,765 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 5,060 ... ... 11.2 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 1,765 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 3,065 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
$150,000 and over 2,180 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 3,650 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 17,065 ... ... ... ... ... 30,095 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 7,755 ... ... ... ... ... 13,560 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 6,115 ... ... ... ... ... 11,510 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 127,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 128,000 ... ... 128,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 2,690 ... ... ... ... ... 4,245 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 62,400 ... ... 62,400 ... ... 61,200 ... ... 61,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 57,600 ... ... 57,600 ... ... 56,800 ... ... 56,800 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 14,465 6,625 7,840 ... ... ... 18,825 8,950 9,875 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 36,400 36,400 36,400 36,400 36,400 36,400 36,400 37,200 36,000 36,400 37,200 36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 33,200 32,800 33,600 33,200 32,800 33,600 33,200 33,600 33,200 33,200 33,600 33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 17,070 ... ... ... ... ... 30,075 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 115,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 114,400 ... ... 114,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 94,900 ... ... 94,900 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 7,750 ... ... ... ... ... 13,520 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 106,800 ... ... 106,800 ... ... 103,400 ... ... 103,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 88,200 ... ... 88,200 ... ... 85,800 ... ... 85,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 6,135 ... ... ... ... ... 11,535 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 145,200 ... ... 145,200 ... ... 144,200 ... ... 144,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 118,100 ... ... 118,100 ... ... 118,100 ... ... 118,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 2,680 ... ... ... ... ... 4,250 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 72,700 ... ... 72,700 ... ... 71,200 ... ... 71,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 63,750 ... ... 63,750 ... ... 62,800 ... ... 62,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 14,420 6,625 7,795 ... ... ... 18,805 8,930 9,880 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 44,560 44,600 44,560 44,560 44,600 44,560 44,520 45,320 43,840 44,520 45,320 43,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 38,000 37,760 38,240 38,000 37,760 38,240 37,960 38,200 37,760 37,960 38,200 37,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 61,835 29,690 32,140 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,765 53,005 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 10,925 5,535 5,390 17.7 18.6 16.8 19,660 10,015 9,640 18.9 19.7 18.2
0 to 5 years 3,365 1,740 1,630 5.4 5.9 5.1 5,820 3,050 2,775 5.6 6.0 5.2
18 to 64 years 39,295 19,140 20,155 63.5 64.5 62.7 64,265 31,600 32,665 61.9 62.2 61.6
65 years and over 11,615 5,020 6,595 18.8 16.9 20.5 19,845 9,145 10,695 19.1 18.0 20.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 8,320 3,745 4,575 ... ... ... 12,840 5,980 6,855 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 1,920 1,010 915 ... ... ... 2,930 1,550 1,385 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 630 335 295 ... ... ... 935 500 440 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 4,880 2,240 2,640 ... ... ... 6,960 3,300 3,660 ... ... ...
65 years and over 1,520 495 1,020 ... ... ... 2,940 1,130 1,805 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 13.5 12.6 14.2 13.5 12.6 14.2 12.4 11.8 12.9 12.4 11.8 12.9
0 to 17 years (%) 17.6 18.2 16.9 17.6 18.2 16.9 14.9 15.5 14.4 14.9 15.5 14.4
0 to 5 years (%) 18.7 19.2 18.2 18.7 19.2 18.2 16.1 16.3 15.9 16.1 16.3 15.9
18 to 64 years (%) 12.4 11.7 13.1 12.4 11.7 13.1 10.8 10.4 11.2 10.8 10.4 11.2
65 years and over (%) 13.1 9.9 15.5 13.1 9.9 15.5 14.8 12.4 16.9 14.8 12.4 16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 61,840 29,690 32,145 100.0 100.0 100.0 102,185 49,965 52,220 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 10,925 5,530 5,395 17.7 18.6 16.8 19,170 9,750 9,420 18.8 19.5 18.0
0 to 5 years 3,365 1,740 1,625 5.4 5.9 5.1 5,685 2,965 2,715 5.6 5.9 5.2
18 to 64 years 39,295 19,140 20,155 63.5 64.5 62.7 63,320 31,135 32,190 62.0 62.3 61.6
65 years and over 11,615 5,015 6,600 18.8 16.9 20.5 19,690 9,080 10,615 19.3 18.2 20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 3,770 1,875 1,890 ... ... ... 4,515 2,310 2,210 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 640 345 290 ... ... ... 755 420 335 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 195 105 85 ... ... ... 215 125 90 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 2,935 1,470 1,470 ... ... ... 3,520 1,800 1,715 ... ... ...
65 years and over 195 65 130 ... ... ... 245 85 160 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 6.1 6.3 5.9 6.1 6.3 5.9 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.2
0 to 17 years (%) 5.8 6.3 5.4 5.8 6.3 5.4 3.9 4.3 3.5 3.9 4.3 3.5
0 to 5 years (%) 5.8 6.3 5.2 5.8 6.3 5.2 3.8 4.2 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.4
18 to 64 years (%) 7.5 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.3 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.3
65 years and over (%) 1.7 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.3 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 61,835 29,690 32,140 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,765 53,005 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 35,350 16,690 18,665 57.2 56.2 58.1 57,355 27,715 29,635 55.3 54.6 55.9
In bottom decile 8,180 3,830 4,350 13.2 12.9 13.5 11,790 5,635 6,155 11.4 11.1 11.6
In second decile 7,255 3,405 3,855 11.7 11.5 12.0 11,835 5,630 6,205 11.4 11.1 11.7
In third decile 7,100 3,310 3,785 11.5 11.1 11.8 11,555 5,545 6,010 11.1 10.9 11.3
In fourth decile 6,675 3,200 3,480 10.8 10.8 10.8 11,135 5,450 5,685 10.7 10.7 10.7
In fifth decile 6,140 2,945 3,200 9.9 9.9 10.0 11,035 5,460 5,580 10.6 10.8 10.5
In top half of the distribution 26,485 13,005 13,480 42.8 43.8 41.9 46,410 23,045 23,365 44.7 45.4 44.1
In sixth decile 5,945 2,880 3,065 9.6 9.7 9.5 10,535 5,205 5,330 10.2 10.3 10.1
In seventh decile 5,680 2,755 2,925 9.2 9.3 9.1 10,245 5,060 5,185 9.9 10.0 9.8
In eighth decile 5,475 2,660 2,815 8.9 9.0 8.8 9,895 4,895 5,000 9.5 9.6 9.4
In ninth decile 4,895 2,440 2,460 7.9 8.2 7.7 8,750 4,375 4,380 8.4 8.6 8.3
In top decile 4,490 2,265 2,225 7.3 7.6 6.9 6,985 3,510 3,475 6.7 6.9 6.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 61,840 ... ... 61,840 ... ... 103,765 ... ... 103,765 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.330 ... ... 0.330 ... ... 0.316 ... ... 0.316 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.433 ... ... 0.433 ... ... 0.423 ... ... 0.423 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.287 ... ... 0.287 ... ... 0.276 ... ... 0.276 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 62,250 29,850 32,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 104,215 50,945 53,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 46,595 22,915 23,680 74.9 76.8 73.1 80,495 40,485 40,005 77.2 79.5 75.1
French only 205 85 115 0.3 0.3 0.4 325 150 175 0.3 0.3 0.3
English and French 15,100 6,675 8,420 24.3 22.4 26.0 23,010 10,120 12,890 22.1 19.9 24.2
Neither English nor French 360 180 180 0.6 0.6 0.6 385 190 195 0.4 0.4 0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 62,250 29,850 32,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 104,215 50,945 53,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 57,460 27,705 29,755 92.3 92.8 91.8 96,755 47,535 49,220 92.8 93.3 92.4
French 3,900 1,725 2,170 6.3 5.8 6.7 6,430 2,935 3,500 6.2 5.8 6.6
English and French 560 265 300 0.9 0.9 0.9 680 310 370 0.7 0.6 0.7
Neither English nor French 335 160 175 0.5 0.5 0.5 355 170 185 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 62,250 29,850 32,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 104,215 50,945 53,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 60,355 28,950 31,405 97.0 97.0 96.9 101,655 49,725 51,925 97.5 97.6 97.5
Official languages 53,705 25,565 28,135 86.3 85.6 86.8 94,015 45,855 48,160 90.2 90.0 90.4
English 49,915 23,895 26,020 80.2 80.1 80.3 87,665 42,965 44,705 84.1 84.3 83.9
French 3,785 1,670 2,115 6.1 5.6 6.5 6,350 2,890 3,460 6.1 5.7 6.5
Non-official languages 6,655 3,380 3,270 10.7 11.3 10.1 7,635 3,870 3,765 7.3 7.6 7.1
Indigenous languages39 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 80 75 0.1 0.2 0.1
Algonquian languages 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 145 75 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mi'kmaq 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 6,610 3,365 3,250 10.6 11.3 10.0 7,485 3,790 3,695 7.2 7.4 6.9
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,400 730 660 2.2 2.4 2.0 1,460 770 690 1.4 1.5 1.3
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,385 725 655 2.2 2.4 2.0 1,445 765 685 1.4 1.5 1.3
Amharic 25 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 1,295 675 620 2.1 2.3 1.9 1,355 715 640 1.3 1.4 1.2
Aramaic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 155 75 85 0.2 0.3 0.3 170 80 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 155 75 80 0.2 0.3 0.2 165 80 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 365 160 205 0.6 0.5 0.6 415 170 240 0.4 0.3 0.5
Bikol 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 45 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 290 125 165 0.5 0.4 0.5 330 135 190 0.3 0.3 0.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 165 100 60 0.3 0.3 0.2 180 110 70 0.2 0.2 0.1
Kannada 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 45 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Telugu 65 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 45 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 2,960 1,515 1,440 4.8 5.1 4.4 3,515 1,795 1,720 3.4 3.5 3.2
Albanian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 630 310 320 1.0 1.0 1.0 750 370 375 0.7 0.7 0.7
Baltic languages 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 610 300 310 1.0 1.0 1.0 725 360 365 0.7 0.7 0.7
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 50 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 365 195 175 0.6 0.7 0.5 420 220 200 0.4 0.4 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 110 55 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 30 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 60 20 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 315 145 170 0.5 0.5 0.5 590 285 310 0.6 0.6 0.6
Frisian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 165 80 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 310 140 170 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 160 75 85 0.3 0.3 0.3 300 135 165 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 120 60 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 235 120 110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Afrikaans 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 115 55 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 205 105 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 1,295 730 565 2.1 2.4 1.7 1,345 755 590 1.3 1.5 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages 925 535 390 1.5 1.8 1.2 960 550 410 0.9 1.1 0.8
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 165 100 70 0.3 0.3 0.2 175 105 70 0.2 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 45 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 50 35 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Hindi 200 110 90 0.3 0.4 0.3 210 120 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 30 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 95 45 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 95 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 250 150 100 0.4 0.5 0.3 255 150 105 0.2 0.3 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 110 60 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 110 65 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 370 195 175 0.6 0.7 0.5 385 205 180 0.4 0.4 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 40 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 305 165 140 0.5 0.6 0.4 315 175 145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dari 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 285 150 130 0.5 0.5 0.4 295 160 130 0.3 0.3 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 20 15 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 685 320 365 1.1 1.1 1.1 785 370 415 0.8 0.7 0.8
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 180 85 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 200 95 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Spanish 420 200 220 0.7 0.7 0.7 485 225 255 0.5 0.4 0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 35 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 210 115 100 0.3 0.4 0.3 245 130 115 0.2 0.3 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 275 130 140 0.4 0.4 0.4 280 135 145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 50 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.1
Shona 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 910 465 445 1.5 1.6 1.4 1,010 515 495 1.0 1.0 0.9
Chinese languages 890 455 440 1.4 1.5 1.4 990 505 490 0.9 1.0 0.9
Hakka 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 745 385 360 1.2 1.3 1.1 835 430 400 0.8 0.8 0.8
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 95 45 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 35 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,900 905 995 3.1 3.0 3.1 2,565 1,220 1,345 2.5 2.4 2.5
English and French 860 380 480 1.4 1.3 1.5 1,320 595 720 1.3 1.2 1.4
English and non-official language(s) 860 430 435 1.4 1.4 1.3 1,025 510 515 1.0 1.0 1.0
French and non-official language(s) 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 40 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 80 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 62,250 29,850 32,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 104,215 50,945 53,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 50,905 24,365 26,540 81.8 81.6 81.9 89,335 43,775 45,560 85.7 85.9 85.5
French 1,380 620 765 2.2 2.1 2.4 2,505 1,180 1,330 2.4 2.3 2.5
Non-official language 1,960 1,010 955 3.1 3.4 2.9 2,120 1,100 1,020 2.0 2.2 1.9
Indigenous39 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 1,955 1,005 950 3.1 3.4 2.9 2,105 1,090 1,020 2.0 2.1 1.9
English and French 2,735 1,205 1,530 4.4 4.0 4.7 4,185 1,855 2,335 4.0 3.6 4.4
English and non-official language(s) 4,590 2,335 2,255 7.4 7.8 7.0 5,290 2,685 2,605 5.1 5.3 4.9
French and non-official language(s) 60 20 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 20 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 475 230 245 0.8 0.8 0.8 555 260 300 0.5 0.5 0.6
Multiple non-official languages 150 75 75 0.2 0.3 0.2 155 75 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 62,250 29,850 32,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 104,215 50,945 53,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 60,565 28,985 31,585 97.3 97.1 97.5 102,130 49,900 52,235 98.0 97.9 98.1
Official languages 56,495 26,910 29,585 90.8 90.2 91.3 97,710 47,630 50,075 93.8 93.5 94.0
English 54,565 26,055 28,515 87.7 87.3 88.0 94,365 46,090 48,275 90.5 90.5 90.6
French 1,925 850 1,075 3.1 2.8 3.3 3,345 1,545 1,800 3.2 3.0 3.4
Non-official languages 4,075 2,075 2,000 6.5 7.0 6.2 4,425 2,270 2,160 4.2 4.5 4.1
Indigenous languages39 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 4,065 2,075 1,990 6.5 7.0 6.1 4,400 2,250 2,145 4.2 4.4 4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 980 495 485 1.6 1.7 1.5 1,015 515 495 1.0 1.0 0.9
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 970 490 480 1.6 1.6 1.5 1,010 510 495 1.0 1.0 0.9
Amharic 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 920 455 460 1.5 1.5 1.4 950 480 470 0.9 0.9 0.9
Aramaic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 125 60 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 125 60 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 180 80 100 0.3 0.3 0.3 195 90 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 160 70 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 175 80 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 80 45 35 0.1 0.2 0.1 90 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 35 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 1,695 885 815 2.7 3.0 2.5 1,865 970 895 1.8 1.9 1.7
Albanian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 400 215 190 0.6 0.7 0.6 465 245 220 0.4 0.5 0.4
Baltic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 400 205 190 0.6 0.7 0.6 455 240 220 0.4 0.5 0.4
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 275 150 125 0.4 0.5 0.4 305 165 135 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 50 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
German 30 15 20 0.0 0.1 0.1 55 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 840 450 390 1.3 1.5 1.2 865 460 400 0.8 0.9 0.8
Indo-Aryan languages 580 325 250 0.9 1.1 0.8 585 330 260 0.6 0.6 0.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 100 55 40 0.2 0.2 0.1 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 40 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 135 75 60 0.2 0.3 0.2 135 80 60 0.1 0.2 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 155 90 65 0.2 0.3 0.2 155 90 65 0.1 0.2 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 265 125 135 0.4 0.4 0.4 280 130 140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 215 110 105 0.3 0.4 0.3 220 110 110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 200 105 95 0.3 0.4 0.3 200 105 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 400 195 200 0.6 0.7 0.6 440 215 220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 130 65 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 235 115 115 0.4 0.4 0.4 265 130 135 0.3 0.3 0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 170 90 80 0.3 0.3 0.2 195 100 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 115 50 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 55 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 645 330 320 1.0 1.1 1.0 700 360 340 0.7 0.7 0.6
Chinese languages 635 320 315 1.0 1.1 1.0 690 355 335 0.7 0.7 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 565 285 280 0.9 1.0 0.9 620 320 305 0.6 0.6 0.6
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,690 870 820 2.7 2.9 2.5 2,080 1,045 1,040 2.0 2.1 2.0
English and French 495 240 255 0.8 0.8 0.8 740 350 390 0.7 0.7 0.7
English and non-official language(s) 1,090 575 515 1.8 1.9 1.6 1,230 635 595 1.2 1.2 1.1
French and non-official language(s) 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 25 15 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 62,250 29,855 32,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 104,215 50,950 53,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 55,655 26,720 28,930 89.4 89.5 89.3 95,715 46,940 48,775 91.8 92.1 91.6
English 2,120 1,045 1,075 3.4 3.5 3.3 2,540 1,250 1,295 2.4 2.5 2.4
French 1,835 795 1,040 2.9 2.7 3.2 2,790 1,210 1,580 2.7 2.4 3.0
Non-official language 1,835 885 945 2.9 3.0 2.9 2,255 1,090 1,160 2.2 2.1 2.2
Indigenous39 40 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 140 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 1,800 865 930 2.9 2.9 2.9 2,110 1,025 1,085 2.0 2.0 2.0
English and French 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 100 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 270 140 125 0.4 0.5 0.4 315 165 145 0.3 0.3 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 205 105 105 0.3 0.4 0.3 230 110 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 230 120 110 0.4 0.4 0.3 255 130 125 0.2 0.3 0.2
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 61,840 29,705 32,135 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,775 52,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 61,470 29,540 31,930 99.4 99.4 99.4 103,385 50,605 52,780 99.6 99.7 99.6
English 61,310 29,485 31,825 99.1 99.3 99.0 103,060 50,460 52,595 99.3 99.4 99.2
French 15,175 6,810 8,365 24.5 22.9 26.0 23,320 10,445 12,875 22.5 20.6 24.3
Non-official languages 9,300 4,575 4,725 15.0 15.4 14.7 11,025 5,410 5,610 10.6 10.7 10.6
Indigenous languages39 95 60 40 0.2 0.2 0.1 410 220 190 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 95 60 40 0.2 0.2 0.1 405 220 185 0.4 0.4 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 85 55 35 0.1 0.2 0.1 390 205 180 0.4 0.4 0.3
Mi'kmaq 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 35 30 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 305 170 135 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 9,215 4,525 4,690 14.9 15.2 14.6 10,630 5,200 5,425 10.2 10.2 10.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 2,020 1,020 990 3.3 3.4 3.1 2,100 1,080 1,025 2.0 2.1 1.9
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 35 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,950 990 960 3.2 3.3 3.0 2,035 1,045 985 2.0 2.1 1.9
Amharic 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Arabic 1,730 870 860 2.8 2.9 2.7 1,800 925 880 1.7 1.8 1.7
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 140 75 60 0.2 0.3 0.2 150 90 65 0.1 0.2 0.1
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 180 105 80 0.3 0.4 0.2 205 110 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 180 100 80 0.3 0.3 0.2 200 110 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 610 265 340 1.0 0.9 1.1 710 305 410 0.7 0.6 0.8
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 45 30 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 30 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 40 30 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 515 210 310 0.8 0.7 1.0 610 240 370 0.6 0.5 0.7
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 70 45 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Haitian Creole 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 260 135 130 0.4 0.5 0.4 290 150 140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Kannada 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 150 75 75 0.2 0.3 0.2 170 85 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 80 50 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 80 50 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 4,515 2,170 2,340 7.3 7.3 7.3 5,485 2,635 2,845 5.3 5.2 5.4
Albanian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 775 365 405 1.3 1.2 1.3 875 425 450 0.8 0.8 0.8
Baltic languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Slavic languages 755 350 405 1.2 1.2 1.3 845 405 445 0.8 0.8 0.8
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 55 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 515 250 265 0.8 0.8 0.8 550 275 285 0.5 0.5 0.5
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 120 55 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 55 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Bosnian 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Croatian 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Serbian 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 205 85 120 0.3 0.3 0.4 215 90 125 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 25 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 605 285 325 1.0 1.0 1.0 1,005 475 530 1.0 0.9 1.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 455 210 240 0.7 0.7 0.7 735 325 410 0.7 0.6 0.8
German 450 210 235 0.7 0.7 0.7 730 325 405 0.7 0.6 0.8
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 125 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 255 140 115 0.2 0.3 0.2
Afrikaans 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 95 45 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 215 120 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Danish 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 25 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 30 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 50 30 25 0.0 0.1 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 1,670 890 780 2.7 3.0 2.4 1,780 950 830 1.7 1.9 1.6
Indo-Aryan languages 1,310 675 630 2.1 2.3 2.0 1,425 745 685 1.4 1.5 1.3
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 210 110 100 0.3 0.4 0.3 245 140 115 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 120 70 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 730 385 345 1.2 1.3 1.1 770 405 365 0.7 0.8 0.7
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 100 50 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 100 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 150 65 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 150 65 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 340 180 150 0.5 0.6 0.5 355 185 175 0.3 0.4 0.3
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 235 130 110 0.4 0.4 0.3 235 130 110 0.2 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 370 220 150 0.6 0.7 0.5 370 220 150 0.4 0.4 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 335 210 125 0.5 0.7 0.4 335 210 125 0.3 0.4 0.2
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 320 190 125 0.5 0.6 0.4 320 190 125 0.3 0.4 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,565 660 910 2.5 2.2 2.8 1,925 810 1,115 1.9 1.6 2.1
Catalan 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 220 100 125 0.4 0.3 0.4 255 115 145 0.2 0.2 0.3
Portuguese 220 125 95 0.4 0.4 0.3 240 140 100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Romanian 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Spanish 1,250 500 755 2.0 1.7 2.3 1,580 635 945 1.5 1.3 1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 95 50 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 120 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 225 115 120 0.4 0.4 0.4 240 120 125 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 510 260 245 0.8 0.9 0.8 510 260 245 0.5 0.5 0.5
Akan (Twi) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 50 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 125 70 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 310 160 150 0.5 0.5 0.5 310 160 150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 110 20 85 0.2 0.1 0.3 140 30 110 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 110 20 85 0.2 0.1 0.3 125 25 105 0.1 0.0 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,055 560 500 1.7 1.9 1.6 1,165 620 545 1.1 1.2 1.0
Chinese languages 1,050 560 495 1.7 1.9 1.5 1,160 620 540 1.1 1.2 1.0
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 945 510 435 1.5 1.7 1.4 1,055 570 485 1.0 1.1 0.9
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 125 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 80 55 30 0.1 0.2 0.1 95 60 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 75 45 30 0.1 0.2 0.1 85 55 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 40 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 61,835 29,705 32,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,765 50,775 52,990 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 2,180 935 1,250 3.5 3.1 3.9 4,820 2,270 2,545 4.6 4.5 4.8
Single Indigenous responses46 2,065 890 1,170 3.3 3.0 3.6 4,530 2,130 2,395 4.4 4.2 4.5
First Nations (North American Indian) 1,535 635 895 2.5 2.1 2.8 3,600 1,705 1,890 3.5 3.4 3.6
Métis 435 205 230 0.7 0.7 0.7 810 365 450 0.8 0.7 0.8
Inuk (Inuit) 95 50 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses47 30 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 110 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 90 25 65 0.1 0.1 0.2 190 90 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous identity 59,655 28,765 30,890 96.5 96.8 96.1 98,945 48,500 50,445 95.4 95.5 95.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 61,835 29,705 32,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,765 50,775 52,990 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,110 455 655 1.8 1.5 2.0 2,960 1,395 1,560 2.9 2.7 2.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 60,725 29,245 31,475 98.2 98.5 98.0 100,810 49,380 51,430 97.2 97.3 97.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 16,110 ... ... 56.6 ... ... 31,125 ... ... 68.8 ... ...
Renter 12,365 ... ... 43.4 ... ... 13,630 ... ... 30.1 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 510 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 1,920 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,995 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
Not condominium 26,555 ... ... 93.2 ... ... 43,260 ... ... 95.6 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 145 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 185 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
1 bedroom 3,535 ... ... 12.4 ... ... 4,185 ... ... 9.2 ... ...
2 bedrooms 9,635 ... ... 33.8 ... ... 12,775 ... ... 28.2 ... ...
3 bedrooms 8,305 ... ... 29.2 ... ... 15,470 ... ... 34.2 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 6,865 ... ... 24.1 ... ... 12,655 ... ... 28.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 8,825 ... ... 31.0 ... ... 10,590 ... ... 23.4 ... ...
5 rooms 4,960 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 7,445 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
6 rooms 3,945 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 6,680 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
7 rooms 2,810 ... ... 9.9 ... ... 5,535 ... ... 12.2 ... ...
8 or more rooms 7,935 ... ... 27.9 ... ... 15,010 ... ... 33.2 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 28,070 ... ... 98.6 ... ... 44,780 ... ... 98.9 ... ...
More than one person per room 410 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 480 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 27,490 ... ... 96.5 ... ... 43,935 ... ... 97.1 ... ...
Not suitable 990 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 1,325 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 5,615 ... ... 19.7 ... ... 8,195 ... ... 18.1 ... ...
1961 to 1980 8,150 ... ... 28.6 ... ... 12,980 ... ... 28.7 ... ...
1981 to 1990 2,845 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 5,770 ... ... 12.7 ... ...
1991 to 2000 3,545 ... ... 12.4 ... ... 6,195 ... ... 13.7 ... ...
2001 to 2005 2,025 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 3,075 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
2006 to 2010 2,355 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 3,385 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
2011 to 2015 2,105 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 3,080 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
2016 to 202157 1,835 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 2,585 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 26,690 ... ... 93.7 ... ... 42,065 ... ... 92.9 ... ...
Major repairs needed 1,785 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 3,195 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 15,160 ... ... 53.2 ... ... 23,075 ... ... 51.0 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 12,380 ... ... 43.5 ... ... 20,915 ... ... 46.2 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 940 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 1,270 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 2,260 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 2,540 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
25 to 34 years 4,840 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 6,485 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
35 to 44 years 4,610 ... ... 16.2 ... ... 7,465 ... ... 16.5 ... ...
45 to 54 years 4,265 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 7,415 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
55 to 64 years 4,635 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 8,420 ... ... 18.6 ... ...
65 to 74 years 4,310 ... ... 15.1 ... ... 7,380 ... ... 16.3 ... ...
75 to 84 years 2,560 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 4,145 ... ... 9.2 ... ...
85 years and over 990 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 1,410 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 28,345 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 44,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 22,765 ... ... 80.3 ... ... 37,700 ... ... 84.9 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 5,575 ... ... 19.7 ... ... 6,725 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 5,060 ... ... 17.9 ... ... 6,105 ... ... 13.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 28,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 45,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 7,695 ... ... 27.0 ... ... 10,420 ... ... 23.0 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 5,015 ... ... 17.6 ... ... 6,025 ... ... 13.3 ... ...
Not suitable only 770 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 1,065 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 1,260 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 2,530 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 125 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 140 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 435 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 550 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 90 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 110 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 10 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 20,780 ... ... 73.0 ... ... 34,835 ... ... 77.0 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 27,830 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,805 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 2,515 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 3,350 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
Not in core need 25,310 ... ... 90.9 ... ... 40,460 ... ... 92.4 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 16,100 ... ... ... ... ... 30,990 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 59.7 ... ... 59.7 ... ... 57.4 ... ... 57.4 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 9.6 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.2 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,060 ... ... 1,060 ... ... 920 ... ... 920 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,189 ... ... 1,189 ... ... 1,075 ... ... 1,075 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 250,000 ... ... 250,000 ... ... 236,000 ... ... 236,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 273,600 ... ... 273,600 ... ... 257,600 ... ... 257,600 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 12,365 ... ... ... ... ... 13,600 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 9.1 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 32.9 ... ... 32.9 ... ... 31.6 ... ... 31.6 ... ...
% in core housing need63 16.8 ... ... 16.8 ... ... 16.8 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,030 ... ... 1,030 ... ... 1,010 ... ... 1,010 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,080 ... ... 1,080 ... ... 1,048 ... ... 1,048 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 505 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 61 ... ... 61 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 61,835 29,700 32,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,775 52,990 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 955 405 550 1.5 1.4 1.7 2,550 1,220 1,330 2.5 2.4 2.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 955 400 550 1.5 1.3 1.7 2,550 1,220 1,330 2.5 2.4 2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 845 350 495 1.4 1.2 1.5 2,350 1,115 1,240 2.3 2.2 2.3
Métis single ancestry 45 15 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuit single ancestry 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 2,270 980 1,295 3.7 3.3 4.0 3,885 1,755 2,130 3.7 3.5 4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 2,205 940 1,260 3.6 3.2 3.9 3,755 1,675 2,075 3.6 3.3 3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1,740 730 1,010 2.8 2.5 3.1 3,035 1,360 1,680 2.9 2.7 3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 410 180 230 0.7 0.6 0.7 670 290 375 0.6 0.6 0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 50 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 70 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 80 50 0.1 0.2 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 70 50 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 58,610 28,320 30,290 94.8 95.4 94.3 97,335 47,800 49,535 93.8 94.1 93.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 61,835 29,700 32,135 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,775 52,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 55,870 26,700 29,165 90.4 89.9 90.8 97,115 47,415 49,700 93.6 93.4 93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18 9,475 4,730 4,745 15.3 15.9 14.8 18,185 9,185 9,005 17.5 18.1 17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 46,400 21,970 24,425 75.0 74.0 76.0 78,930 38,235 40,700 76.1 75.3 76.8
Not Canadian citizens78 5,965 3,000 2,965 9.6 10.1 9.2 6,650 3,355 3,290 6.4 6.6 6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 61,835 29,700 32,135 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,775 52,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 52,300 25,000 27,300 84.6 84.2 85.0 92,410 45,190 47,215 89.1 89.0 89.1
Immigrants81 7,790 3,760 4,030 12.6 12.7 12.5 9,545 4,615 4,940 9.2 9.1 9.3
Before 1980 1,115 460 650 1.8 1.5 2.0 1,725 740 980 1.7 1.5 1.8
1980 to 1990 305 150 155 0.5 0.5 0.5 500 240 260 0.5 0.5 0.5
1991 to 2000 600 250 345 1.0 0.8 1.1 805 350 450 0.8 0.7 0.8
2001 to 2010 1,270 640 630 2.1 2.2 2.0 1,610 815 795 1.6 1.6 1.5
2011 to 202182 4,500 2,245 2,255 7.3 7.6 7.0 4,915 2,465 2,450 4.7 4.9 4.6
2011 to 2015 1,025 525 500 1.7 1.8 1.6 1,145 580 570 1.1 1.1 1.1
2016 to 2021 3,475 1,720 1,750 5.6 5.8 5.4 3,765 1,885 1,880 3.6 3.7 3.5
Non-permanent residents83 1,745 945 805 2.8 3.2 2.5 1,810 975 840 1.7 1.9 1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 7,790 3,760 4,035 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,545 4,610 4,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 835 420 415 10.7 11.2 10.3 1,095 535 565 11.5 11.6 11.4
5 to 14 years 1,680 825 850 21.6 21.9 21.1 2,035 1,025 1,015 21.3 22.2 20.6
15 to 24 years 1,055 430 625 13.5 11.4 15.5 1,320 550 770 13.8 11.9 15.6
25 to 44 years 3,670 1,760 1,915 47.1 46.8 47.5 4,395 2,085 2,305 46.0 45.2 46.7
45 years and over 550 325 225 7.1 8.6 5.6 705 415 290 7.4 9.0 5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 7,790 3,760 4,035 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,545 4,610 4,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 930 410 515 11.9 10.9 12.8 1,410 645 770 14.8 14.0 15.6
Brazil 30 20 15 0.4 0.5 0.4 30 20 15 0.3 0.4 0.3
Colombia 40 25 20 0.5 0.7 0.5 40 25 20 0.4 0.5 0.4
El Salvador 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Guyana 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 50 15 35 0.6 0.4 0.9 70 25 50 0.7 0.5 1.0
Mexico 35 15 20 0.4 0.4 0.5 50 20 25 0.5 0.4 0.5
Peru 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Trinidad and Tobago 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 30 15 15 0.3 0.3 0.3
United States of America 570 260 315 7.3 6.9 7.8 960 445 515 10.1 9.7 10.4
Other places of birth in Americas 145 65 80 1.9 1.7 2.0 190 95 100 2.0 2.1 2.0
Europe 1,705 790 915 21.9 21.0 22.7 2,475 1,155 1,320 25.9 25.1 26.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 55 20 40 0.7 0.5 1.0 60 25 40 0.6 0.5 0.8
Croatia 20 10 0 0.3 0.3 0.0 35 20 15 0.4 0.4 0.3
France 55 30 30 0.7 0.8 0.7 90 50 40 0.9 1.1 0.8
Germany 120 60 65 1.5 1.6 1.6 280 110 170 2.9 2.4 3.4
Greece 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2 15 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2
Italy 35 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 40 10 25 0.4 0.2 0.5
Netherlands 50 30 15 0.6 0.8 0.4 160 100 65 1.7 2.2 1.3
Poland 20 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.5 30 15 20 0.3 0.3 0.4
Portugal 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.2 30 25 10 0.3 0.5 0.2
Romania 50 15 35 0.6 0.4 0.9 50 15 35 0.5 0.3 0.7
Russian Federation 130 65 60 1.7 1.7 1.5 140 70 70 1.5 1.5 1.4
Serbia86 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.2 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 165 70 95 2.1 1.9 2.4 175 75 100 1.8 1.6 2.0
United Kingdom87 765 355 405 9.8 9.4 10.0 1,085 515 570 11.4 11.2 11.6
Other places of birth in Europe 180 80 100 2.3 2.1 2.5 250 105 150 2.6 2.3 3.0
Africa 1,195 630 565 15.3 16.8 14.0 1,245 660 585 13.0 14.3 11.9
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 185 75 110 2.4 2.0 2.7 185 75 110 1.9 1.6 2.2
Egypt 295 175 125 3.8 4.7 3.1 315 185 130 3.3 4.0 2.6
Eritrea 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.2 25 15 10 0.3 0.3 0.2
Ethiopia 40 20 20 0.5 0.5 0.5 40 20 20 0.4 0.4 0.4
Morocco 25 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.2 25 10 10 0.3 0.2 0.2
Nigeria 160 75 80 2.1 2.0 2.0 160 80 80 1.7 1.7 1.6
Somalia 20 15 0 0.3 0.4 0.0 20 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 50 15 35 0.6 0.4 0.9 50 15 35 0.5 0.3 0.7
Other places of birth in Africa 380 215 160 4.9 5.7 4.0 400 230 170 4.2 5.0 3.4
Asia 3,935 1,915 2,015 50.5 50.9 49.9 4,350 2,115 2,240 45.6 45.9 45.4
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 240 145 100 3.1 3.9 2.5 240 145 100 2.5 3.1 2.0
Iraq 60 30 35 0.8 0.8 0.9 65 30 35 0.7 0.7 0.7
Lebanon 205 100 105 2.6 2.7 2.6 225 110 115 2.4 2.4 2.3
Syria89 505 240 260 6.5 6.4 6.4 515 250 265 5.4 5.4 5.4
Turkey 50 25 25 0.6 0.7 0.6 60 30 30 0.6 0.7 0.6
China90 650 335 310 8.3 8.9 7.7 725 375 350 7.6 8.1 7.1
Hong Kong91 50 20 25 0.6 0.5 0.6 50 20 25 0.5 0.4 0.5
Korea, South92 170 80 90 2.2 2.1 2.2 180 85 95 1.9 1.8 1.9
Taiwan 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2
Philippines 500 205 295 6.4 5.5 7.3 595 235 360 6.2 5.1 7.3
Viet Nam 140 80 60 1.8 2.1 1.5 160 90 70 1.7 2.0 1.4
Bangladesh 140 80 65 1.8 2.1 1.6 180 105 70 1.9 2.3 1.4
India 455 240 210 5.8 6.4 5.2 515 265 245 5.4 5.7 5.0
Pakistan 160 90 75 2.1 2.4 1.9 165 90 75 1.7 2.0 1.5
Sri Lanka 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2 30 20 15 0.3 0.4 0.3
Other places of birth in Asia 575 235 340 7.4 6.3 8.4 625 255 375 6.5 5.5 7.6
Oceania and other places of birth93 30 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 65 35 30 0.7 0.8 0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 3,475 1,720 1,750 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,765 1,885 1,880 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 210 100 115 6.0 5.8 6.6 305 150 150 8.1 8.0 8.0
Brazil 25 15 10 0.7 0.9 0.6 25 15 10 0.7 0.8 0.5
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 20 10 10 0.6 0.6 0.6 20 10 10 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mexico 15 0 15 0.4 0.0 0.9 15 0 15 0.4 0.0 0.8
United States of America 55 30 30 1.6 1.7 1.7 135 75 60 3.6 4.0 3.2
Venezuela95 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.6 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5
Other places of birth in Americas 75 40 35 2.2 2.3 2.0 85 50 40 2.3 2.7 2.1
Europe 315 175 140 9.1 10.2 8.0 385 215 170 10.2 11.4 9.0
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.3 0.5 0.0
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.3 0.5 0.0
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 95 50 50 2.7 2.9 2.9 95 50 50 2.5 2.7 2.7
Ukraine 105 50 55 3.0 2.9 3.1 110 55 55 2.9 2.9 2.9
United Kingdom87 50 30 20 1.4 1.7 1.1 65 35 30 1.7 1.9 1.6
Other places of birth in Europe 45 25 15 1.3 1.5 0.9 85 50 30 2.3 2.7 1.6
Africa 800 400 395 23.0 23.3 22.6 800 400 395 21.2 21.2 21.0
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 60 35 25 1.7 2.0 1.4 60 35 25 1.6 1.9 1.3
Cameroon 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 125 35 95 3.6 2.0 5.4 125 35 95 3.3 1.9 5.1
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 240 135 105 6.9 7.8 6.0 240 135 105 6.4 7.2 5.6
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 150 70 75 4.3 4.1 4.3 150 70 75 4.0 3.7 4.0
Somalia 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.5
Sudan97 35 20 10 1.0 1.2 0.6 35 20 10 0.9 1.1 0.5
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 105 65 40 3.0 3.8 2.3 105 65 40 2.8 3.4 2.1
Asia 2,140 1,040 1,095 61.6 60.5 62.6 2,270 1,110 1,160 60.3 58.9 61.7
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 100 55 45 2.9 3.2 2.6 100 55 45 2.7 2.9 2.4
China90 245 125 120 7.1 7.3 6.9 280 150 135 7.4 8.0 7.2
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 290 165 125 8.3 9.6 7.1 315 175 135 8.4 9.3 7.2
Iran88 90 50 40 2.6 2.9 2.3 90 50 40 2.4 2.7 2.1
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 60 25 35 1.7 1.5 2.0 60 25 35 1.6 1.3 1.9
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 30 20 15 0.9 1.2 0.9 30 20 15 0.8 1.1 0.8
Korea, South92 30 15 15 0.9 0.9 0.9 30 15 15 0.8 0.8 0.8
Lebanon 65 25 40 1.9 1.5 2.3 65 25 40 1.7 1.3 2.1
Nepal 60 25 35 1.7 1.5 2.0 60 25 35 1.6 1.3 1.9
Pakistan 100 50 50 2.9 2.9 2.9 100 50 50 2.7 2.7 2.7
Philippines 300 135 170 8.6 7.8 9.7 355 155 195 9.4 8.2 10.4
Saudi Arabia 65 35 35 1.9 2.0 2.0 65 35 35 1.7 1.9 1.9
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 490 230 255 14.1 13.4 14.6 500 240 260 13.3 12.7 13.8
Turkey 30 15 15 0.9 0.9 0.9 30 15 15 0.8 0.8 0.8
United Arab Emirates 75 15 55 2.2 0.9 3.1 75 15 55 2.0 0.8 2.9
Viet Nam 60 45 15 1.7 2.6 0.9 60 45 15 1.6 2.4 0.8
Other places of birth in Asia 40 15 25 1.2 0.9 1.4 55 20 30 1.5 1.1 1.6
Oceania and other93 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0
Australia 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 61,835 29,705 32,135 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,775 52,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 10,200 5,025 5,170 16.5 16.9 16.1 12,440 6,090 6,355 12.0 12.0 12.0
Second generation101 5,715 2,785 2,930 9.2 9.4 9.1 8,735 4,325 4,410 8.4 8.5 8.3
Third generation or more102 45,925 21,890 24,030 74.3 73.7 74.8 82,590 40,360 42,225 79.6 79.5 79.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 6,675 3,290 3,380 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,825 3,870 3,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 4,500 2,340 2,160 67.4 71.1 63.9 5,270 2,715 2,550 67.3 70.2 64.5
Principal applicants105 1,690 1,145 550 25.3 34.8 16.3 2,020 1,365 650 25.8 35.3 16.4
Secondary applicants106 2,805 1,195 1,610 42.0 36.3 47.6 3,245 1,350 1,895 41.5 34.9 47.9
Immigrants sponsored by family107 850 290 565 12.7 8.8 16.7 1,180 440 740 15.1 11.4 18.7
Refugees108 1,315 665 655 19.7 20.2 19.4 1,360 705 660 17.4 18.2 16.7
Other immigrants109 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.2 0.4 0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 6,675 3,290 3,380 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,825 3,870 3,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 65 45 20 1.0 1.4 0.6 70 50 20 0.9 1.3 0.5
Work permits only before admission112 775 390 390 11.6 11.9 11.5 980 505 480 12.5 13.0 12.1
Study permits only before admission113 360 175 185 5.4 5.3 5.5 425 200 230 5.4 5.2 5.8
Work and study permits before admission114 535 305 230 8.0 9.3 6.8 650 375 275 8.3 9.7 7.0
Other permits before admission115 20 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.6 40 10 35 0.5 0.3 0.9
No pre-admission experience116 4,920 2,385 2,535 73.7 72.5 75.0 5,660 2,740 2,920 72.3 70.8 73.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 61,835 29,705 32,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,765 50,775 52,990 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 8,660 4,355 4,300 14.0 14.7 13.4 9,535 4,750 4,785 9.2 9.4 9.0
South Asian 1,775 900 875 2.9 3.0 2.7 1,950 990 960 1.9 1.9 1.8
Chinese 1,135 575 560 1.8 1.9 1.7 1,265 640 630 1.2 1.3 1.2
Black 1,780 875 905 2.9 2.9 2.8 2,025 975 1,045 2.0 1.9 2.0
Filipino 600 265 340 1.0 0.9 1.1 710 300 410 0.7 0.6 0.8
Arab 1,555 790 760 2.5 2.7 2.4 1,600 820 780 1.5 1.6 1.5
Latin American 520 260 260 0.8 0.9 0.8 565 275 290 0.5 0.5 0.5
Southeast Asian 315 165 150 0.5 0.6 0.5 375 190 185 0.4 0.4 0.3
West Asian 440 240 200 0.7 0.8 0.6 440 240 200 0.4 0.5 0.4
Korean 225 120 110 0.4 0.4 0.3 240 125 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Japanese 50 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 95 55 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 120 65 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple visible minorities 175 100 70 0.3 0.3 0.2 175 105 70 0.2 0.2 0.1
Not a visible minority120 53,175 25,345 27,835 86.0 85.3 86.6 94,230 46,025 48,210 90.8 90.6 91.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 61,840 29,705 32,135 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,770 50,775 52,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 9,435 4,520 4,915 15.3 15.2 15.3 17,545 8,685 8,865 16.9 17.1 16.7
English 15,495 7,255 8,235 25.1 24.4 25.6 26,475 12,700 13,775 25.5 25.0 26.0
Irish 16,480 7,715 8,765 26.6 26.0 27.3 27,615 12,960 14,655 26.6 25.5 27.7
Scottish 15,340 7,230 8,115 24.8 24.3 25.3 27,370 13,070 14,300 26.4 25.7 27.0
French, n.o.s.122 7,950 3,820 4,130 12.9 12.9 12.9 13,005 6,215 6,785 12.5 12.2 12.8
German 3,590 1,705 1,885 5.8 5.7 5.9 6,040 2,835 3,200 5.8 5.6 6.0
Chinese 1,220 610 605 2.0 2.1 1.9 1,340 665 680 1.3 1.3 1.3
Italian 885 420 465 1.4 1.4 1.4 1,350 660 690 1.3 1.3 1.3
Indian (India) 875 440 440 1.4 1.5 1.4 1,000 500 500 1.0 1.0 0.9
Ukrainian 755 350 400 1.2 1.2 1.2 1,030 495 535 1.0 1.0 1.0
Dutch 1,795 845 945 2.9 2.8 2.9 3,080 1,470 1,610 3.0 2.9 3.0
Polish 540 255 285 0.9 0.9 0.9 925 465 460 0.9 0.9 0.9
Québécois 210 130 80 0.3 0.4 0.2 360 210 150 0.3 0.4 0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.123 2,300 1,105 1,195 3.7 3.7 3.7 3,615 1,800 1,815 3.5 3.5 3.4
Filipino 640 285 350 1.0 1.0 1.1 760 335 425 0.7 0.7 0.8
French Canadian 600 280 320 1.0 0.9 1.0 1,050 550 495 1.0 1.1 0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 2,900 1,405 1,495 4.7 4.7 4.7 5,395 2,635 2,760 5.2 5.2 5.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 975 400 580 1.6 1.3 1.8 2,360 1,060 1,300 2.3 2.1 2.5
Métis 480 215 265 0.8 0.7 0.8 880 415 470 0.8 0.8 0.9
European, n.o.s.126 1,280 615 660 2.1 2.1 2.1 2,120 1,035 1,085 2.0 2.0 2.0
Russian 450 225 225 0.7 0.8 0.7 640 330 310 0.6 0.6 0.6
Norwegian 450 215 240 0.7 0.7 0.7 735 365 370 0.7 0.7 0.7
Welsh 1,845 805 1,040 3.0 2.7 3.2 3,275 1,505 1,765 3.2 3.0 3.3
Portuguese 220 105 110 0.4 0.4 0.3 330 150 180 0.3 0.3 0.3
American 615 280 340 1.0 0.9 1.1 1,170 570 605 1.1 1.1 1.1
Spanish 375 205 170 0.6 0.7 0.5 530 290 240 0.5 0.6 0.5
Swedish 310 135 175 0.5 0.5 0.5 610 280 330 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hungarian 230 120 110 0.4 0.4 0.3 355 200 155 0.3 0.4 0.3
Acadian 3,520 1,580 1,940 5.7 5.3 6.0 5,465 2,575 2,890 5.3 5.1 5.5
Pakistani 245 105 145 0.4 0.4 0.5 250 105 150 0.2 0.2 0.3
African, n.o.s.127 550 255 290 0.9 0.9 0.9 595 280 315 0.6 0.6 0.6
Jewish 405 200 195 0.7 0.7 0.6 475 250 225 0.5 0.5 0.4
Punjabi 90 45 50 0.1 0.2 0.2 95 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 205 100 105 0.3 0.3 0.3 235 115 125 0.2 0.2 0.2
Arab, n.o.s.128 385 225 165 0.6 0.8 0.5 420 250 175 0.4 0.5 0.3
Greek 130 70 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 200 100 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Jamaican 80 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asian, n.o.s.129 125 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree, n.o.s.130 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 115 45 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 205 105 95 0.3 0.4 0.3 220 120 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 120 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 150 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanese 625 335 295 1.0 1.1 0.9 850 425 425 0.8 0.8 0.8
Iranian 300 160 140 0.5 0.5 0.4 300 160 140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Christian, n.i.e.131 230 125 110 0.4 0.4 0.3 380 190 190 0.4 0.4 0.4
Danish 545 255 285 0.9 0.9 0.9 895 410 485 0.9 0.8 0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 450 165 280 0.7 0.6 0.9 710 295 415 0.7 0.6 0.8
Sikh 30 15 20 0.0 0.1 0.1 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austrian 170 95 75 0.3 0.3 0.2 225 125 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Belgian 170 65 110 0.3 0.2 0.3 255 105 150 0.2 0.2 0.3
Haitian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 95 50 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 95 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mexican 195 115 85 0.3 0.4 0.3 240 135 105 0.2 0.3 0.2
Mennonite 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss 85 25 55 0.1 0.1 0.2 140 40 95 0.1 0.1 0.2
Finnish 120 70 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 155 85 75 0.1 0.2 0.1
Sri Lankan 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 50 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japanese 65 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 35 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.133 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 620 275 340 1.0 0.9 1.1 1,055 525 535 1.0 1.0 1.0
Northern European, n.o.s.135 270 115 155 0.4 0.4 0.5 480 210 270 0.5 0.4 0.5
Muslim 140 65 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 140 65 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egyptian 430 240 190 0.7 0.8 0.6 435 245 190 0.4 0.5 0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 50 35 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Colombian 95 45 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 95 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Moroccan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syrian 540 250 290 0.9 0.8 0.9 560 255 305 0.5 0.5 0.6
Guyanese 45 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 105 35 65 0.2 0.1 0.2 130 50 85 0.1 0.1 0.2
Serbian 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Newfoundlander 245 100 145 0.4 0.3 0.5 415 190 225 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hong Konger 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ontarian 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 90 60 30 0.1 0.2 0.1 95 60 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 25 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 105 60 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 125 75 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.138 155 85 70 0.3 0.3 0.2 175 90 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bangladeshi 145 85 55 0.2 0.3 0.2 185 115 70 0.2 0.2 0.1
Algerian 30 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 130 70 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 130 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nigerian 145 70 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 150 75 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Armenian 30 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 30 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 85 55 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 45 30 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 30 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Taiwanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Salvadorean 25 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Caribbean 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 165 65 100 0.3 0.2 0.3 165 65 100 0.2 0.1 0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquin 25 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Lithuanian 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 65 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 85 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 40 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 35 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 30 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Chilean 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congolese 155 80 85 0.3 0.3 0.3 155 80 85 0.1 0.2 0.2
Nova Scotian 200 105 95 0.3 0.4 0.3 335 175 160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ethiopian 65 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 25 40 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Peruvian 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 65 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 130 55 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 205 95 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
New Brunswicker 1,310 585 720 2.1 2.0 2.2 2,595 1,235 1,365 2.5 2.4 2.6
Gujarati 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 95 35 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 110 40 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 40 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 60 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Mohawk 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 30 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albertan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 45 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 70 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 60 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 20 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 30 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Venezuelan 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 45 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 60 45 15 0.1 0.2 0.0 60 45 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
Guatemalan 40 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 35 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Laotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.150 135 65 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 170 80 85 0.2 0.2 0.2
British Columbian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 70 20 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 40 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 170 85 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 130 60 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 130 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 30 15 25 0.0 0.1 0.1 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 35 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 25 15 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 30 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Rwandan 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 40 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 55 20 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 20 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 100 40 50 0.2 0.1 0.2 150 80 75 0.1 0.2 0.1
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 40 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 30 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 135 75 60 0.2 0.3 0.2 140 80 60 0.1 0.2 0.1
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 60 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Maliseet 310 150 160 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,040 530 510 1.0 1.0 1.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 20 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 61,835 29,705 32,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 103,765 50,775 52,990 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 225 145 80 0.4 0.5 0.2 255 155 100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Christian 32,295 14,285 18,015 52.2 48.1 56.1 57,185 26,165 31,025 55.1 51.5 58.5
Christian, n.o.s.162 4,815 2,290 2,525 7.8 7.7 7.9 8,090 3,885 4,205 7.8 7.7 7.9
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anglican 3,575 1,570 2,005 5.8 5.3 6.2 6,345 2,935 3,410 6.1 5.8 6.4
Baptist 3,880 1,690 2,190 6.3 5.7 6.8 7,800 3,630 4,175 7.5 7.1 7.9
Catholic 11,775 5,195 6,575 19.0 17.5 20.5 19,495 8,890 10,605 18.8 17.5 20.0
Christian Orthodox 320 135 185 0.5 0.5 0.6 345 145 200 0.3 0.3 0.4
Jehovah's Witness 100 35 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 195 95 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Latter Day Saints 95 50 40 0.2 0.2 0.1 110 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lutheran 125 55 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 190 70 120 0.2 0.1 0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 585 260 325 0.9 0.9 1.0 1,250 580 675 1.2 1.1 1.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,070 430 635 1.7 1.4 2.0 2,465 1,090 1,375 2.4 2.1 2.6
Presbyterian 625 290 335 1.0 1.0 1.0 1,420 640 780 1.4 1.3 1.5
Reformed 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 75 25 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
United Church 3,810 1,645 2,165 6.2 5.5 6.7 6,855 2,950 3,910 6.6 5.8 7.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 1,505 630 875 2.4 2.1 2.7 2,530 1,160 1,375 2.4 2.3 2.6
Hindu 820 415 405 1.3 1.4 1.3 885 450 435 0.9 0.9 0.8
Jewish 160 80 80 0.3 0.3 0.2 215 105 110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Muslim 2,305 1,165 1,135 3.7 3.9 3.5 2,395 1,225 1,175 2.3 2.4 2.2
Sikh 190 80 105 0.3 0.3 0.3 190 80 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 80 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 670 245 425 1.1 0.8 1.3 900 350 550 0.9 0.7 1.0
No religion and secular perspectives 25,150 13,285 11,865 40.7 44.7 36.9 41,580 22,170 19,410 40.1 43.7 36.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 61,270 29,395 31,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 102,865 50,260 52,610 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 50,560 24,140 26,415 82.5 82.1 82.9 88,990 43,495 45,495 86.5 86.5 86.5
Movers 10,720 5,255 5,465 17.5 17.9 17.1 13,880 6,760 7,120 13.5 13.5 13.5
Non-migrants 6,910 3,430 3,485 11.3 11.7 10.9 8,235 4,040 4,195 8.0 8.0 8.0
Migrants 3,810 1,830 1,980 6.2 6.2 6.2 5,645 2,725 2,920 5.5 5.4 5.6
Internal migrants 3,175 1,530 1,650 5.2 5.2 5.2 4,945 2,385 2,555 4.8 4.7 4.9
Intraprovincial migrants 1,840 905 930 3.0 3.1 2.9 3,040 1,455 1,585 3.0 2.9 3.0
Interprovincial migrants 1,340 625 715 2.2 2.1 2.2 1,905 930 970 1.9 1.9 1.8
External migrants 635 300 335 1.0 1.0 1.1 705 335 370 0.7 0.7 0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 59,065 28,255 30,800 100.0 100.0 100.0 99,015 48,285 50,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 29,730 14,015 15,710 50.3 49.6 51.0 58,375 28,485 29,890 59.0 59.0 58.9
Movers 29,335 14,245 15,095 49.7 50.4 49.0 40,645 19,800 20,845 41.0 41.0 41.1
Non-migrants 12,285 5,930 6,360 20.8 21.0 20.6 13,905 6,735 7,170 14.0 13.9 14.1
Migrants 17,050 8,310 8,740 28.9 29.4 28.4 26,740 13,060 13,675 27.0 27.0 27.0
Internal migrants 12,910 6,230 6,675 21.9 22.0 21.7 22,245 10,795 11,455 22.5 22.4 22.6
Intraprovincial migrants 8,100 3,855 4,250 13.7 13.6 13.8 14,985 7,165 7,820 15.1 14.8 15.4
Interprovincial migrants 4,805 2,380 2,430 8.1 8.4 7.9 7,265 3,630 3,635 7.3 7.5 7.2
External migrants 4,140 2,075 2,060 7.0 7.3 6.7 4,495 2,270 2,225 4.5 4.7 4.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 52,730 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,435 42,440 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 5,905 2,925 2,985 11.2 11.7 10.8 11,905 6,335 5,565 13.6 14.9 12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 46,820 22,155 24,665 88.8 88.3 89.2 75,530 36,100 39,435 86.4 85.1 87.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 32,215 15,680 16,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 54,375 26,725 27,645 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 1,720 965 755 5.3 6.2 4.6 3,665 2,220 1,440 6.7 8.3 5.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 30,495 14,715 15,780 94.7 93.8 95.4 50,715 24,505 26,210 93.3 91.7 94.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 52,730 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,430 42,440 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 5,345 2,630 2,715 10.1 10.5 9.8 10,770 5,655 5,115 12.3 13.3 11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 14,255 7,130 7,125 27.0 28.4 25.8 24,785 12,490 12,295 28.3 29.4 27.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 33,130 15,320 17,810 62.8 61.1 64.4 51,875 24,290 27,585 59.3 57.2 61.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 12,910 5,725 7,180 24.5 22.8 26.0 23,465 11,140 12,325 26.8 26.2 27.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,515 1,595 925 4.8 6.4 3.3 5,135 3,650 1,485 5.9 8.6 3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 1,330 635 700 2.5 2.5 2.5 2,540 1,425 1,120 2.9 3.4 2.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 1,185 960 225 2.2 3.8 0.8 2,600 2,225 370 3.0 5.2 0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 9,395 3,785 5,615 17.8 15.1 20.3 16,845 6,970 9,875 19.3 16.4 21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 995 345 645 1.9 1.4 2.3 1,485 525 965 1.7 1.2 2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher 20,220 9,595 10,630 38.3 38.3 38.4 28,405 13,150 15,250 32.5 31.0 33.9
Bachelor's degree 13,080 5,995 7,085 24.8 23.9 25.6 18,850 8,390 10,455 21.6 19.8 23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 895 390 505 1.7 1.6 1.8 1,240 560 680 1.4 1.3 1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 420 215 205 0.8 0.9 0.7 590 305 285 0.7 0.7 0.6
Master's degree 4,745 2,300 2,445 9.0 9.2 8.8 6,315 2,980 3,335 7.2 7.0 7.4
Earned doctorate171 1,090 695 395 2.1 2.8 1.4 1,410 915 495 1.6 2.2 1.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 32,220 15,680 16,540 100.0 100.0 100.0 54,375 26,730 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 1,545 870 680 4.8 5.5 4.1 3,275 1,980 1,295 6.0 7.4 4.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 7,145 3,885 3,265 22.2 24.8 19.7 13,575 7,325 6,250 25.0 27.4 22.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 23,525 10,930 12,595 73.0 69.7 76.1 37,520 17,420 20,105 69.0 65.2 72.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 8,380 3,850 4,535 26.0 24.6 27.4 16,030 7,770 8,255 29.5 29.1 29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 1,495 970 525 4.6 6.2 3.2 3,190 2,325 860 5.9 8.7 3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 800 395 405 2.5 2.5 2.4 1,580 915 665 2.9 3.4 2.4
Apprenticeship certificate169 695 575 120 2.2 3.7 0.7 1,610 1,415 195 3.0 5.3 0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 6,255 2,650 3,605 19.4 16.9 21.8 11,950 5,110 6,840 22.0 19.1 24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 630 230 400 2.0 1.5 2.4 895 340 555 1.6 1.3 2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher 15,145 7,080 8,065 47.0 45.2 48.8 21,495 9,650 11,845 39.5 36.1 42.8
Bachelor's degree 9,700 4,475 5,225 30.1 28.5 31.6 14,220 6,270 7,950 26.2 23.5 28.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 625 260 365 1.9 1.7 2.2 890 380 510 1.6 1.4 1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 350 155 190 1.1 1.0 1.1 480 210 270 0.9 0.8 1.0
Master's degree 3,730 1,745 1,980 11.6 11.1 12.0 4,970 2,230 2,735 9.1 8.3 9.9
Earned doctorate171 745 435 305 2.3 2.8 1.8 940 565 380 1.7 2.1 1.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 52,735 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,435 42,435 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 19,600 9,760 9,840 37.2 38.9 35.6 35,560 18,145 17,415 40.7 42.8 38.7
Education 2,950 775 2,175 5.6 3.1 7.9 4,585 1,230 3,355 5.2 2.9 7.5
13. Education 2,950 775 2,175 5.6 3.1 7.9 4,585 1,230 3,355 5.2 2.9 7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,050 405 645 2.0 1.6 2.3 1,390 555 835 1.6 1.3 1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 95 65 30 0.2 0.3 0.1 140 105 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 950 340 615 1.8 1.4 2.2 1,255 450 795 1.4 1.1 1.8
Humanities 2,425 1,030 1,390 4.6 4.1 5.0 3,320 1,405 1,915 3.8 3.3 4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 165 35 130 0.3 0.1 0.5 195 40 160 0.2 0.1 0.4
23. English language and literature/letters 550 200 350 1.0 0.8 1.3 695 245 450 0.8 0.6 1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 655 195 455 1.2 0.8 1.6 920 285 635 1.1 0.7 1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 95 45 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 45 75 0.1 0.1 0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies 175 95 85 0.3 0.4 0.3 215 110 105 0.2 0.3 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 200 145 55 0.4 0.6 0.2 370 250 120 0.4 0.6 0.3
54. History 495 285 205 0.9 1.1 0.7 675 405 275 0.8 1.0 0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 90 30 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 135 35 95 0.2 0.1 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 4,510 1,565 2,940 8.6 6.2 10.6 6,420 2,130 4,300 7.3 5.0 9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 50 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 65 15 50 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 380 160 215 0.7 0.6 0.8 545 230 315 0.6 0.5 0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 490 45 445 0.9 0.2 1.6 825 60 765 0.9 0.1 1.7
22. Legal professions and studies 745 280 465 1.4 1.1 1.7 1,075 365 710 1.2 0.9 1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 115 50 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 145 55 95 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 1,075 205 870 2.0 0.8 3.1 1,550 295 1,250 1.8 0.7 2.8
45. Social sciences 1,660 815 845 3.1 3.2 3.1 2,220 1,100 1,120 2.5 2.6 2.5
Business, management and public administration 6,675 2,470 4,200 12.7 9.8 15.2 10,425 3,490 6,930 11.9 8.2 15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 630 150 485 1.2 0.6 1.8 960 210 755 1.1 0.5 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 6,020 2,315 3,710 11.4 9.2 13.4 9,435 3,280 6,160 10.8 7.7 13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,605 775 830 3.0 3.1 3.0 2,205 1,060 1,150 2.5 2.5 2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 675 255 415 1.3 1.0 1.5 895 340 555 1.0 0.8 1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 345 175 170 0.7 0.7 0.6 510 265 245 0.6 0.6 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 55 0 50 0.1 0.0 0.2 75 15 60 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 480 330 150 0.9 1.3 0.5 650 420 225 0.7 1.0 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 50 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 80 25 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,240 1,580 660 4.2 6.3 2.4 3,030 2,125 910 3.5 5.0 2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,915 1,420 500 3.6 5.7 1.8 2,625 1,925 700 3.0 4.5 1.6
25. Library science 140 55 80 0.3 0.2 0.3 170 55 115 0.2 0.1 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 170 95 75 0.3 0.4 0.3 215 125 85 0.2 0.3 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 5,005 4,420 585 9.5 17.6 2.1 9,295 8,505 795 10.6 20.0 1.8
04. Architecture and related services 135 80 50 0.3 0.3 0.2 160 100 60 0.2 0.2 0.1
14. Engineering 2,125 1,765 365 4.0 7.0 1.3 2,910 2,460 455 3.3 5.8 1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 980 875 105 1.9 3.5 0.4 1,910 1,750 160 2.2 4.1 0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 890 850 35 1.7 3.4 0.1 2,050 1,980 70 2.3 4.7 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 620 595 25 1.2 2.4 0.1 1,700 1,665 35 1.9 3.9 0.1
48. Precision production 260 255 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 570 550 20 0.7 1.3 0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 905 580 325 1.7 2.3 1.2 1,645 1,070 580 1.9 2.5 1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 305 140 160 0.6 0.6 0.6 615 290 325 0.7 0.7 0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation 600 435 165 1.1 1.7 0.6 1,030 775 255 1.2 1.8 0.6
Health and related fields 4,255 965 3,285 8.1 3.8 11.9 6,875 1,325 5,545 7.9 3.1 12.3
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 495 270 225 0.9 1.1 0.8 700 360 340 0.8 0.8 0.8
51. Health professions and related programs178 3,585 605 2,975 6.8 2.4 10.8 5,935 835 5,105 6.8 2.0 11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 160 90 70 0.3 0.4 0.3 220 130 90 0.3 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,505 745 760 2.9 3.0 2.7 2,655 1,390 1,265 3.0 3.3 2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 925 265 660 1.8 1.1 2.4 1,475 360 1,115 1.7 0.8 2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 40 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 45 40 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 315 240 70 0.6 1.0 0.3 640 525 115 0.7 1.2 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 220 205 20 0.4 0.8 0.1 465 440 25 0.5 1.0 0.1
Other179 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 32,215 15,680 16,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 54,370 26,725 27,645 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 8,695 4,755 3,940 27.0 30.3 23.8 16,850 9,305 7,545 31.0 34.8 27.3
Education 1,695 465 1,230 5.3 3.0 7.4 2,750 745 2,000 5.1 2.8 7.2
13. Education 1,695 465 1,230 5.3 3.0 7.4 2,750 745 2,000 5.1 2.8 7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 760 305 455 2.4 1.9 2.8 1,020 430 590 1.9 1.6 2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 65 45 15 0.2 0.3 0.1 95 70 20 0.2 0.3 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 700 260 440 2.2 1.7 2.7 930 360 570 1.7 1.3 2.1
Humanities 1,690 695 995 5.2 4.4 6.0 2,340 945 1,395 4.3 3.5 5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 145 30 115 0.5 0.2 0.7 170 35 140 0.3 0.1 0.5
23. English language and literature/letters 405 150 255 1.3 1.0 1.5 505 175 330 0.9 0.7 1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 480 140 340 1.5 0.9 2.1 675 195 480 1.2 0.7 1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 70 35 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies 120 65 55 0.4 0.4 0.3 145 85 65 0.3 0.3 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 115 70 40 0.4 0.4 0.2 200 115 85 0.4 0.4 0.3
54. History 315 190 125 1.0 1.2 0.8 485 295 190 0.9 1.1 0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 40 10 25 0.1 0.1 0.2 75 15 55 0.1 0.1 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 3,410 1,105 2,305 10.6 7.0 13.9 4,950 1,510 3,445 9.1 5.7 12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 35 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.2 45 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 320 135 190 1.0 0.9 1.1 470 190 275 0.9 0.7 1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 340 25 315 1.1 0.2 1.9 615 35 580 1.1 0.1 2.1
22. Legal professions and studies 575 185 395 1.8 1.2 2.4 820 235 585 1.5 0.9 2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 80 25 50 0.2 0.2 0.3 100 30 65 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 815 130 680 2.5 0.8 4.1 1,200 190 1,015 2.2 0.7 3.7
45. Social sciences 1,245 605 640 3.9 3.9 3.9 1,700 815 885 3.1 3.0 3.2
Business, management and public administration 4,825 1,815 3,010 15.0 11.6 18.2 7,675 2,585 5,085 14.1 9.7 18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions 460 80 380 1.4 0.5 2.3 720 120 595 1.3 0.4 2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 4,355 1,730 2,630 13.5 11.0 15.9 6,930 2,450 4,480 12.7 9.2 16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,115 535 575 3.5 3.4 3.5 1,530 730 790 2.8 2.7 2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 475 180 295 1.5 1.1 1.8 635 245 390 1.2 0.9 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 240 125 115 0.7 0.8 0.7 340 165 170 0.6 0.6 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 35 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.2 55 15 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 335 220 115 1.0 1.4 0.7 450 285 165 0.8 1.1 0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians 30 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 1,860 1,345 515 5.8 8.6 3.1 2,565 1,825 745 4.7 6.8 2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,665 1,245 420 5.2 7.9 2.5 2,315 1,695 620 4.3 6.3 2.2
25. Library science 90 40 50 0.3 0.3 0.3 110 40 70 0.2 0.1 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 90 45 40 0.3 0.3 0.2 120 70 55 0.2 0.3 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 3,480 2,985 490 10.8 19.0 3.0 6,555 5,885 670 12.1 22.0 2.4
04. Architecture and related services 90 50 35 0.3 0.3 0.2 105 65 45 0.2 0.2 0.2
14. Engineering 1,640 1,325 310 5.1 8.5 1.9 2,200 1,810 395 4.0 6.8 1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 690 610 80 2.1 3.9 0.5 1,410 1,270 140 2.6 4.8 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 550 520 30 1.7 3.3 0.2 1,415 1,355 65 2.6 5.1 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 345 320 20 1.1 2.0 0.1 1,065 1,045 25 2.0 3.9 0.1
48. Precision production 160 155 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 360 345 10 0.7 1.3 0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 640 395 245 2.0 2.5 1.5 1,200 720 480 2.2 2.7 1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 230 110 115 0.7 0.7 0.7 485 225 260 0.9 0.8 0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation 415 290 130 1.3 1.8 0.8 715 500 215 1.3 1.9 0.8
Health and related fields 2,980 725 2,250 9.3 4.6 13.6 5,015 1,000 4,015 9.2 3.7 14.5
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 340 185 155 1.1 1.2 0.9 485 250 230 0.9 0.9 0.8
51. Health professions and related programs178 2,475 465 2,015 7.7 3.0 12.2 4,330 655 3,675 8.0 2.5 13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 145 75 70 0.5 0.5 0.4 180 90 90 0.3 0.3 0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,060 545 515 3.3 3.5 3.1 1,900 1,025 875 3.5 3.8 3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 640 205 435 2.0 1.3 2.6 1,045 285 755 1.9 1.1 2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 20 20 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 35 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 220 170 55 0.7 1.1 0.3 460 370 90 0.8 1.4 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 160 145 20 0.5 0.9 0.1 345 320 25 0.6 1.2 0.1
Other179 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 32,215 15,680 16,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 54,370 26,725 27,645 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 8,695 4,755 3,940 27.0 30.3 23.8 16,850 9,305 7,545 31.0 34.8 27.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 23,520 10,925 12,595 73.0 69.7 76.2 37,525 17,420 20,100 69.0 65.2 72.7
Location of study inside Canada 20,155 9,270 10,885 62.6 59.1 65.8 33,545 15,475 18,070 61.7 57.9 65.4
Same as province or territory of residence 15,005 6,965 8,040 46.6 44.4 48.6 25,380 11,820 13,565 46.7 44.2 49.1
Different than province or territory of residence 5,150 2,310 2,845 16.0 14.7 17.2 8,160 3,655 4,505 15.0 13.7 16.3
Location of study outside Canada182 3,370 1,660 1,710 10.5 10.6 10.3 3,980 1,950 2,030 7.3 7.3 7.3
Americas 700 345 350 2.2 2.2 2.1 980 475 505 1.8 1.8 1.8
United States of America 440 235 205 1.4 1.5 1.2 680 345 330 1.3 1.3 1.2
Mexico 55 10 40 0.2 0.1 0.2 70 10 55 0.1 0.0 0.2
Cuba 20 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 25 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazil 70 35 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Colombia 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 50 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Europe 750 385 365 2.3 2.5 2.2 955 495 460 1.8 1.9 1.7
Belgium 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germany 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 20 20 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 50 40 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 45 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 55 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ukraine 120 65 60 0.4 0.4 0.4 125 70 60 0.2 0.3 0.2
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 330 180 150 1.0 1.1 0.9 415 225 190 0.8 0.8 0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
Serbia86 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 65 35 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 80 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Africa 420 215 205 1.3 1.4 1.2 420 215 205 0.8 0.8 0.7
Nigeria 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 160 85 75 0.5 0.5 0.5 160 85 75 0.3 0.3 0.3
South Africa, Republic of 20 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Other locations of study in Africa 155 75 75 0.5 0.5 0.5 155 75 75 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 1,445 685 755 4.5 4.4 4.6 1,560 735 825 2.9 2.8 3.0
Iran88 100 55 45 0.3 0.4 0.3 100 55 45 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iraq 15 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 30 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1
Syria89 65 30 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkey 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
China90 225 125 100 0.7 0.8 0.6 260 135 125 0.5 0.5 0.5
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 75 35 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Philippines 320 140 185 1.0 0.9 1.1 350 140 210 0.6 0.5 0.8
Viet Nam 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladesh 55 15 30 0.2 0.1 0.2 60 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 305 140 165 0.9 0.9 1.0 325 155 170 0.6 0.6 0.6
Pakistan 50 20 30 0.2 0.1 0.2 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Asia 115 65 50 0.4 0.4 0.3 130 70 60 0.2 0.3 0.2
Oceania 55 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 65 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australia 45 15 35 0.1 0.1 0.2 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Zealand 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 52,730 25,080 27,650 ... ... ... 87,430 42,440 44,995 ... ... ...
In the labour force 34,905 17,790 17,115 ... ... ... 56,220 28,795 27,425 ... ... ...
Employed 31,920 16,195 15,730 ... ... ... 51,515 26,220 25,290 ... ... ...
Unemployed 2,985 1,600 1,385 ... ... ... 4,710 2,575 2,130 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 17,825 7,290 10,540 ... ... ... 31,210 13,640 17,570 ... ... ...
Participation rate 66.2 70.9 61.9 66.2 70.9 61.9 64.3 67.8 61.0 64.3 67.8 61.0
Employment rate 60.5 64.6 56.9 60.5 64.6 56.9 58.9 61.8 56.2 58.9 61.8 56.2
Unemployment rate 8.6 9.0 8.1 8.6 9.0 8.1 8.4 8.9 7.8 8.4 8.9 7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 52,735 25,080 27,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 87,430 42,440 44,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 17,985 7,450 10,540 34.1 29.7 38.1 30,885 13,400 17,485 35.3 31.6 38.9
Worked 34,740 17,635 17,110 65.9 70.3 61.9 56,545 29,040 27,510 64.7 68.4 61.1
Worked full year full time187 19,535 10,580 8,960 37.0 42.2 32.4 32,000 17,495 14,510 36.6 41.2 32.2
Worked part year and/or part time188 15,200 7,050 8,150 28.8 28.1 29.5 24,540 11,545 12,995 28.1 27.2 28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.0 42.4 41.6 42.0 42.4 41.6 42.1 42.5 41.7 42.1 42.5 41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 34,905 17,795 17,115 100.0 100.0 100.0 56,225 28,795 27,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 780 395 385 2.2 2.2 2.2 1,120 535 590 2.0 1.9 2.2
All classes of workers191 34,130 17,400 16,730 97.8 97.8 97.8 55,100 28,265 26,835 98.0 98.2 97.8
Employee 30,680 15,360 15,325 87.9 86.3 89.5 49,270 24,740 24,525 87.6 85.9 89.4
Permanent position 24,425 12,275 12,145 70.0 69.0 71.0 39,675 20,060 19,625 70.6 69.7 71.6
Temporary position 6,260 3,090 3,175 17.9 17.4 18.6 9,590 4,690 4,900 17.1 16.3 17.9
Fixed term (1 year or more) 2,180 1,085 1,095 6.2 6.1 6.4 2,930 1,355 1,575 5.2 4.7 5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 4,075 2,000 2,080 11.7 11.2 12.2 6,660 3,330 3,330 11.8 11.6 12.1
Self-employed192 3,445 2,040 1,405 9.9 11.5 8.2 5,835 3,520 2,310 10.4 12.2 8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 34,905 17,795 17,115 100.0 100.0 100.0 56,225 28,795 27,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 780 395 385 2.2 2.2 2.2 1,120 535 590 2.0 1.9 2.2
All occupations191 34,130 17,400 16,730 97.8 97.8 97.8 55,100 28,265 26,835 98.0 98.2 97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 455 320 135 1.3 1.8 0.8 725 490 235 1.3 1.7 0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 5,840 1,995 3,840 16.7 11.2 22.4 9,160 2,725 6,435 16.3 9.5 23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 4,065 3,200 865 11.6 18.0 5.1 5,855 4,570 1,285 10.4 15.9 4.7
3 Health occupations 2,835 615 2,220 8.1 3.5 13.0 4,630 845 3,780 8.2 2.9 13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 6,215 2,620 3,595 17.8 14.7 21.0 9,485 3,875 5,610 16.9 13.5 20.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 1,110 530 575 3.2 3.0 3.4 1,590 735 855 2.8 2.6 3.1
6 Sales and service occupations 9,170 4,170 5,000 26.3 23.4 29.2 13,810 6,170 7,640 24.6 21.4 27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 3,475 3,195 285 10.0 18.0 1.7 7,555 7,000 555 13.4 24.3 2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 430 335 95 1.2 1.9 0.6 1,140 885 250 2.0 3.1 0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 530 420 115 1.5 2.4 0.7 1,160 975 180 2.1 3.4 0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 34,905 17,795 17,115 100.0 100.0 100.0 56,225 28,795 27,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 780 395 385 2.2 2.2 2.2 1,120 535 590 2.0 1.9 2.2
All industries191 34,130 17,400 16,730 97.8 97.8 97.8 55,100 28,265 26,835 98.0 98.2 97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 295 205 95 0.8 1.2 0.6 945 665 285 1.7 2.3 1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 40 35 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 200 185 15 0.4 0.6 0.1
22 Utilities 660 440 225 1.9 2.5 1.3 1,115 780 335 2.0 2.7 1.2
23 Construction 1,665 1,480 185 4.8 8.3 1.1 3,750 3,345 410 6.7 11.6 1.5
31-33 Manufacturing 915 685 230 2.6 3.8 1.3 2,030 1,605 430 3.6 5.6 1.6
41 Wholesale trade 585 435 150 1.7 2.4 0.9 1,070 840 225 1.9 2.9 0.8
44-45 Retail trade 4,180 2,060 2,120 12.0 11.6 12.4 6,445 3,115 3,335 11.5 10.8 12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,095 740 360 3.1 4.2 2.1 1,860 1,225 635 3.3 4.3 2.3
51 Information and cultural industries 975 635 345 2.8 3.6 2.0 1,325 860 465 2.4 3.0 1.7
52 Finance and insurance 985 430 550 2.8 2.4 3.2 1,480 575 905 2.6 2.0 3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 445 235 210 1.3 1.3 1.2 660 365 290 1.2 1.3 1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 3,505 2,275 1,225 10.0 12.8 7.2 4,990 3,160 1,830 8.9 11.0 6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises 75 30 45 0.2 0.2 0.3 105 55 45 0.2 0.2 0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 1,395 845 550 4.0 4.7 3.2 2,100 1,295 800 3.7 4.5 2.9
61 Educational services 3,720 1,515 2,200 10.7 8.5 12.9 5,680 2,100 3,580 10.1 7.3 13.1
62 Health care and social assistance 4,590 975 3,615 13.1 5.5 21.1 7,355 1,345 6,010 13.1 4.7 21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 490 255 235 1.4 1.4 1.4 880 455 430 1.6 1.6 1.6
72 Accommodation and food services 2,580 1,180 1,400 7.4 6.6 8.2 3,515 1,460 2,050 6.3 5.1 7.5
81 Other services (except public administration) 1,490 635 860 4.3 3.6 5.0 2,515 1,150 1,370 4.5 4.0 5.0
91 Public administration 4,425 2,315 2,110 12.7 13.0 12.3 7,080 3,680 3,400 12.6 12.8 12.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 37,165 18,820 18,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 60,345 30,895 29,450 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 32,745 17,030 15,715 88.1 90.5 85.7 53,745 28,250 25,500 89.1 91.4 86.6
French 310 95 215 0.8 0.5 1.2 595 195 405 1.0 0.6 1.4
Non-official language 45 30 15 0.1 0.2 0.1 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 45 30 15 0.1 0.2 0.1 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 3,610 1,445 2,160 9.7 7.7 11.8 5,370 2,155 3,220 8.9 7.0 10.9
English and non-official language(s) 385 190 200 1.0 1.0 1.1 490 235 255 0.8 0.8 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 70 30 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 95 35 60 0.2 0.1 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 37,165 18,820 18,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 60,345 30,895 29,450 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 36,615 18,585 18,025 98.5 98.8 98.3 59,545 30,580 28,970 98.7 99.0 98.4
Official languages 36,520 18,530 17,985 98.3 98.5 98.0 59,430 30,520 28,910 98.5 98.8 98.2
English 35,880 18,335 17,545 96.5 97.4 95.6 58,325 30,175 28,145 96.7 97.7 95.6
French 635 195 445 1.7 1.0 2.4 1,105 340 765 1.8 1.1 2.6
Non-official languages 95 55 40 0.3 0.3 0.2 120 60 55 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 95 55 40 0.3 0.3 0.2 110 60 50 0.2 0.2 0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 25 20 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 30 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese languages 30 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 30 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 550 230 315 1.5 1.2 1.7 800 315 480 1.3 1.0 1.6
English and French 495 210 290 1.3 1.1 1.6 725 285 440 1.2 0.9 1.5
English and non-official language(s) 50 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 37,165 18,820 18,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 60,345 30,895 29,450 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 33,635 17,385 16,255 90.5 92.4 88.6 55,180 28,790 26,390 91.4 93.2 89.6
English 370 115 250 1.0 0.6 1.4 560 170 395 0.9 0.6 1.3
French 2,795 1,140 1,655 7.5 6.1 9.0 4,150 1,720 2,435 6.9 5.6 8.3
Non-official language 290 130 155 0.8 0.7 0.8 355 170 180 0.6 0.6 0.6
Indigenous39 30 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 265 115 150 0.7 0.6 0.8 305 150 160 0.5 0.5 0.5
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 45 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 70 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 31,920 16,195 15,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 51,515 26,220 25,295 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 6,855 3,680 3,175 21.5 22.7 20.2 10,100 5,300 4,800 19.6 20.2 19.0
Worked outside Canada 70 50 20 0.2 0.3 0.1 95 65 30 0.2 0.2 0.1
No fixed workplace address 3,015 2,000 1,015 9.4 12.3 6.5 5,710 4,060 1,650 11.1 15.5 6.5
Usual place of work 21,985 10,465 11,520 68.9 64.6 73.3 35,610 16,795 18,810 69.1 64.1 74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 21,985 10,465 11,520 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,610 16,800 18,815 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 18,860 8,440 10,420 85.8 80.6 90.5 20,795 9,370 11,430 58.4 55.8 60.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 1,160 720 440 5.3 6.9 3.8 11,150 5,125 6,025 31.3 30.5 32.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 1,835 1,230 610 8.3 11.8 5.3 3,410 2,135 1,270 9.6 12.7 6.7
Commute to a different province or territory 125 75 50 0.6 0.7 0.4 250 165 85 0.7 1.0 0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 24,995 12,465 12,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 41,320 20,855 20,465 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 21,305 10,775 10,530 85.2 86.4 84.0 36,895 18,790 18,105 89.3 90.1 88.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver 18,945 9,970 8,980 75.8 80.0 71.6 33,420 17,555 15,865 80.9 84.2 77.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 2,360 805 1,545 9.4 6.5 12.3 3,470 1,225 2,240 8.4 5.9 10.9
Public transit 920 355 565 3.7 2.8 4.5 995 400 600 2.4 1.9 2.9
Walked 1,940 865 1,075 7.8 6.9 8.6 2,285 1,035 1,245 5.5 5.0 6.1
Bicycle 345 215 125 1.4 1.7 1.0 385 240 140 0.9 1.2 0.7
Other method 490 250 240 2.0 2.0 1.9 760 390 365 1.8 1.9 1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 24,995 12,465 12,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 41,320 20,855 20,465 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 13,790 6,320 7,470 55.2 50.7 59.6 18,505 8,515 9,990 44.8 40.8 48.8
15 to 29 minutes 8,805 4,640 4,170 35.2 37.2 33.3 15,550 7,965 7,585 37.6 38.2 37.1
30 to 44 minutes 1,430 905 530 5.7 7.3 4.2 4,685 2,750 1,940 11.3 13.2 9.5
45 to 59 minutes 395 210 185 1.6 1.7 1.5 1,410 750 665 3.4 3.6 3.2
60 minutes and over 575 390 185 2.3 3.1 1.5 1,165 875 295 2.8 4.2 1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 24,995 12,465 12,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 41,320 20,855 20,465 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 695 475 225 2.8 3.8 1.8 1,535 1,055 485 3.7 5.1 2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 2,485 1,430 1,060 9.9 11.5 8.5 5,200 3,150 2,050 12.6 15.1 10.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 8,190 4,245 3,950 32.8 34.1 31.5 14,645 7,615 7,030 35.4 36.5 34.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 6,910 3,250 3,660 27.6 26.1 29.2 10,275 4,605 5,670 24.9 22.1 27.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 3,200 1,335 1,865 12.8 10.7 14.9 4,445 1,815 2,630 10.8 8.7 12.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 3,510 1,735 1,780 14.0 13.9 14.2 5,220 2,620 2,600 12.6 12.6 12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 11,170 5,650 5,520 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,085 10,235 9,850 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2,055 1,030 1,025 18.4 18.2 18.6 3,380 1,715 1,670 16.8 16.8 17.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 9,115 4,625 4,495 81.6 81.9 81.4 16,700 8,520 8,180 83.1 83.2 83.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 8,210 4,115 4,095 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,990 7,560 7,430 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,550 760 785 18.9 18.5 19.2 2,560 1,275 1,285 17.1 16.9 17.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 1,100 525 575 13.4 12.8 14.0 1,745 850 895 11.6 11.2 12.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 450 240 215 5.5 5.8 5.3 815 425 385 5.4 5.6 5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 6,665 3,355 3,310 81.2 81.5 80.8 12,430 6,280 6,145 82.9 83.1 82.7

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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