Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Westmorland, Parish (P)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision] Remove						CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove						QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	997	...	...	...	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	...	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	908	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	570	...	...	...	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	...	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	419	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	...	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	173.27	...	...	...	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	...	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	995	515	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	150	80	70	15.1	15.5	14.6	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	16.3	16.9	15.6	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	16.4	17.0	15.8
0 to 4 years	35	15	20	3.5	2.9	4.2	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	5.0	5.2	4.8	422,980	217,145	205,840	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	40	25	20	4.0	4.9	4.2	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	5.6	5.8	5.3	478,955	245,295	233,665	5.6	5.8	5.4
10 to 14 years	75	45	35	7.5	8.7	7.3	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	5.7	6.0	5.5	489,425	250,855	238,570	5.8	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	585	305	280	58.8	59.2	58.3	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	64.8	65.4	64.2	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	63.0	63.9	62.1
15 to 19 years	40	25	15	4.0	4.9	3.1	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	5.4	5.7	5.2	429,400	219,400	209,995	5.1	5.2	4.9
20 to 24 years	45	25	25	4.5	4.9	5.2	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	6.0	6.2	5.7	460,660	235,250	225,405	5.4	5.6	5.2
25 to 29 years	30	10	20	3.0	1.9	4.2	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	6.5	6.7	6.4	527,150	266,455	260,700	6.2	6.3	6.1
30 to 34 years	40	25	15	4.0	4.9	3.1	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	6.8	6.9	6.7	536,040	267,770	268,270	6.3	6.4	6.2
35 to 39 years	55	30	30	5.5	5.8	6.3	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	6.8	6.8	6.8	550,425	274,350	276,075	6.5	6.5	6.4
40 to 44 years	65	25	35	6.5	4.9	7.3	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	6.5	6.5	6.5	572,565	286,405	286,160	6.7	6.8	6.7
45 to 49 years	60	35	20	6.0	6.8	4.2	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	6.2	6.2	6.3	516,465	259,565	256,905	6.1	6.2	6.0
50 to 54 years	60	35	30	6.0	6.8	6.3	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	6.4	6.4	6.4	522,935	262,610	260,325	6.2	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	90	50	45	9.0	9.7	9.4	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	7.2	7.1	7.2	615,690	307,230	308,465	7.2	7.3	7.2
60 to 64 years	95	55	40	9.5	10.7	8.3	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	7.0	6.9	7.0	625,610	307,710	317,900	7.4	7.3	7.4
65 years and over	260	130	130	26.1	25.2	27.1	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	19.0	17.7	20.2	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	20.6	19.1	22.1
65 to 69 years	100	40	60	10.1	7.8	12.5	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	6.0	5.8	6.1	541,970	264,020	277,950	6.4	6.3	6.5
70 to 74 years	70	35	40	7.0	6.8	8.3	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	5.0	4.8	5.2	455,900	217,985	237,910	5.4	5.2	5.5
75 to 79 years	45	30	15	4.5	5.8	3.1	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	3.4	3.2	3.6	330,840	153,790	177,050	3.9	3.7	4.1
80 to 84 years	25	15	10	2.5	2.9	2.1	840,545	370,905	469,645	2.3	2.0	2.5	210,405	90,825	119,580	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	20	10	10	2.0	1.9	2.1	861,395	319,540	541,860	2.3	1.8	2.9	214,415	75,305	139,115	2.5	1.8	3.2
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	525,445	212,735	312,705	1.4	1.2	1.7	131,755	50,610	81,150	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	5	5	5	0.5	1.0	1.0	258,035	87,300	170,735	0.7	0.5	0.9	65,020	20,490	44,535	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	68,380	17,670	50,715	0.2	0.1	0.3	15,665	3,875	11,790	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,975	330	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.5	14.6	15.1	15.5	14.6	16.3	16.9	15.6	16.3	16.9	15.6	16.4	17.0	15.8	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	58.8	59.2	58.3	58.8	59.2	58.3	64.8	65.4	64.2	64.8	65.4	64.2	63.0	63.9	62.1	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	26.1	25.2	27.1	26.1	25.2	27.1	19.0	17.7	20.2	19.0	17.7	20.2	20.6	19.1	22.1	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.5	1.8	3.2	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	46.7	47.0	46.5	46.7	47.0	46.5	41.9	41.0	42.8	41.9	41.0	42.8	42.8	41.8	43.7	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	51.2	51.2	51.2	51.2	51.2	51.2	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8	43.2	42.0	44.0	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	390	...	...	92.9	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	52.6	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	44.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	746,560	...	...	5.0	...	...	199,080	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	980,110	...	...	6.5	...	...	98,625	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	821,490	...	...	5.5	...	...	271,245	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	18.3	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	33.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	10.7	...	...	225,745	...	...	6.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	34,880	...	...	0.2	...	...	15,745	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	189,420	...	...	1.3	...	...	23,760	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	100	...	...	23.8	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	35.1	...	...
2 persons	180	...	...	42.9	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	34.2	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	34.6	...	...
3 persons	65	...	...	15.5	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	14.7	...	...	480,135	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	13.4	...	...	427,605	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	8.4	...	...	228,060	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	985	510	475	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	850	440	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	555	275	280	65.3	62.5	68.3	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	56.9	58.2	55.6	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	55.8	56.9	54.7
Married	455	225	225	53.5	51.1	54.9	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	44.3	45.3	43.3	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	32.5	33.2	31.9
Living common-law	100	50	55	11.8	11.4	13.4	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	12.6	12.9	12.3	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	23.3	23.8	22.8
Living common law - Never married	55	30	30	6.5	6.8	7.3	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	9.6	9.8	9.4	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	18.9	19.2	18.6
Living common law - Separated	15	10	5	1.8	2.3	1.2	123,830	65,045	58,785	0.4	0.4	0.4	17,505	9,090	8,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	30	15	15	3.5	3.4	3.7	721,715	365,760	355,950	2.3	2.4	2.2	261,885	135,520	126,370	3.7	3.9	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	87,165	36,860	50,300	0.3	0.2	0.3	31,900	14,070	17,830	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	295	160	130	34.7	36.4	31.7	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	43.1	41.8	44.4	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	44.2	43.1	45.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	185	105	80	21.8	23.9	19.5	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	29.1	32.2	26.2	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	30.4	33.4	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	20	10	2.4	4.5	2.4	741,135	319,045	422,090	2.4	2.1	2.7	106,275	48,095	58,175	1.5	1.4	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	25	20	5.3	5.7	4.9	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	6.2	5.0	7.3	494,210	197,455	296,755	7.0	5.7	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	35	15	25	4.1	3.4	6.1	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	5.4	2.4	8.2	380,100	89,515	290,580	5.3	2.6	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	315	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	195	...	...	61.9	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	51.7	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	15.9	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	20.9	...	...	454,980	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	14.3	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	19.0	...	...	412,850	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	4.8	...	...	855,960	...	...	8.3	...	...	187,600	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	315	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	270	...	...	85.7	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	83.6	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	220	...	...	69.8	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	64.6	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	23.8	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	33.9	...	...	502,020	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	145	...	...	46.0	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	30.6	...	...	609,605	...	...	26.2	...	...
Common-law couples	55	...	...	17.5	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	19.0	...	...	828,005	...	...	35.6	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	4.8	...	...	808,645	...	...	7.9	...	...	401,885	...	...	17.3	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	9.5	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	11.1	...	...	426,120	...	...	18.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...	14.3	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	16.4	...	...	383,775	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	7.9	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	12.7	...	...	284,025	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	20	...	...	6.3	...	...	383,670	...	...	3.7	...	...	99,755	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	985	510	475	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	835	420	415	84.8	82.4	87.4	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	81.1	81.5	80.8	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	78.9	78.9	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	540	265	275	54.8	52.0	57.9	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	47.2	47.8	46.6	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	46.7	47.0	46.3
Parents in one-parent families	40	15	25	4.1	2.9	5.3	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	4.6	2.1	7.1	383,780	99,755	284,020	4.6	2.4	6.8
Children⁶	245	135	115	24.9	26.5	24.2	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	29.3	31.5	27.1	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	27.6	29.4	25.8
In a two-parent family	175	85	85	17.8	16.7	17.9	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	22.1	23.6	20.6	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	20.6	21.8	19.4
In a one-parent family	75	45	30	7.6	8.8	6.3	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	7.2	7.9	6.5	585,820	317,400	268,415	7.1	7.7	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	155	95	60	15.7	18.6	12.6	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	18.9	18.5	19.2	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	21.1	21.1	21.1
Living alone	100	60	40	10.2	11.8	8.4	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	12.1	11.4	12.8	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	15.9	15.5	16.2
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	927,345	393,085	534,260	2.6	2.2	2.9	165,070	74,060	91,005	2.0	1.8	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	40	25	15	4.1	4.9	3.2	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	4.2	4.9	3.5	268,810	158,325	110,485	3.2	3.8	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	275	...	...	65.5	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	59.6	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	245	...	...	58.3	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	50.9	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	90	...	...	21.4	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	25.3	...	...	851,835	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	155	...	...	36.9	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	25.6	...	...	982,260	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	7.1	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	8.7	...	...	331,395	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	441,745	...	...	2.9	...	...	50,790	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	94,235	...	...	0.6	...	...	9,225	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	450,415	...	...	3.0	...	...	66,750	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	663,835	...	...	4.4	...	...	139,280	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	100	...	...	23.8	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	35.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	840	430	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	810	415	390	96.4	96.5	95.1	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,600	32,800	35,200	37,600	32,800	41,200	46,400	36,800	41,200	46,400	36,800	40,800	44,800	37,200	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	810	415	390	96.4	96.5	95.1	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	96.4	96.4	96.5	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	97.4	97.5	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	34,000	31,000	31,600	34,000	31,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,400	39,200	33,600	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	690	360	340	82.1	83.7	82.9	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	85.9	87.5	84.2	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	87.5	89.3	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,000	28,800	23,000	26,000	28,800	23,000	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	42,400	29,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	290	250	64.3	67.4	61.0	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	69.6	73.4	66.1	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	70.5	74.3	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	32,000	29,200	31,000	32,000	29,200	37,200	43,200	32,000	37,200	43,200	32,000	36,000	40,400	31,600	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	675	335	340	80.4	77.9	82.9	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	83.7	81.2	86.2	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	80.9	76.9	84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,500	14,400	12,700	13,500	14,400	12,700	9,800	8,500	11,000	9,800	8,500	11,000	11,500	10,200	12,300	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	145	80	65	17.3	18.6	15.9	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	10.5	10.4	10.6	837,635	441,080	396,550	12.1	12.9	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	7,350	6,500	6,650	7,350	6,500	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	90	90	22.0	20.9	22.0	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	27.6	27.9	27.4	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	28.5	30.4	26.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,250	6,240	7,000	7,250	6,240	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	815	410	405	97.0	96.5	97.6	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	96.4	96.3	96.5	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,700	48,800	32,400	40,700	48,800	32,400	54,450	62,650	46,560	54,450	62,650	46,560	51,160	57,550	44,960	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	815	410	405	97.0	96.5	97.6	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	96.4	96.4	96.5	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	97.4	97.5	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,700	42,200	28,900	35,700	42,200	28,900	44,920	50,320	39,680	44,920	50,320	39,680	41,840	45,760	38,000	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	705	365	340	83.9	85.9	81.9	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	85.9	87.6	84.2	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	87.5	89.3	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,400	25,100	34,000	42,400	25,100	50,240	59,500	41,000	50,240	59,500	41,000	45,480	52,900	38,000	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	560	295	255	66.7	69.4	61.4	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	69.6	73.4	66.0	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	70.5	74.4	66.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	28,600	35,600	41,600	28,600	50,280	58,050	42,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	675	335	340	80.4	78.8	81.9	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	83.7	81.2	86.2	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	80.8	76.9	84.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,560	13,950	13,250	13,560	13,950	13,250	11,170	10,180	12,060	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,410	11,500	13,220	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	140	75	70	16.7	17.6	16.9	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	10.5	10.4	10.6	837,180	441,665	395,515	12.1	12.9	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,600	8,800	9,200	9,600	8,800	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,040	6,380	7,780	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180	80	100	21.4	18.8	24.1	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	27.5	27.8	27.3	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	28.4	30.4	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	9,800	7,800	8,700	9,800	7,800	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,130	7,910	8,390	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	280	160	120	33.3	37.6	28.9	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	32.7	37.0	28.6	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	33.3	36.5	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	54,000	41,200	45,600	54,000	41,200	63,600	69,000	58,000	63,600	69,000	58,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,400	55,600	44,000	50,400	55,600	44,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	90	105	22.6	21.2	25.3	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	27.8	26.8	28.7	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	29.1	29.0	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,200	16,200	16,200	17,200	16,200	18,400	21,000	16,600	18,400	21,000	16,600	18,600	21,400	16,600	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	30,400	18,800	24,200	30,400	18,800	29,160	33,960	24,860	29,160	33,960	24,860	28,160	32,120	24,360	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.4	77.0	65.5	72.4	77.0	65.5	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.2	86.4	76.8	79.8	84.2	74.4	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.6	62.0	56.0	59.6	62.0	56.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	66.8	70.6	61.7	65.4	68.8	61.0	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.7	23.2	34.4	27.7	23.2	34.4	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.8	13.7	23.1	20.1	15.8	25.6	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.4	3.9	3.4	4.4	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.8	7.3	5.8	4.8	7.3	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.8	4.7	4.0	5.8	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.6	4.3	5.1	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	840	430	405	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	30	15	15	3.6	3.5	3.7	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	3.6	3.7	3.5	179,955	87,650	92,310	2.6	2.6	2.6
With total income	810	420	395	96.4	97.7	97.5	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	65	35	35	8.0	8.3	8.9	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	8.3	7.4	9.2	462,400	204,245	258,155	6.9	6.1	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	125	60	65	15.4	14.3	16.5	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	11.8	10.1	13.4	809,375	334,315	475,065	12.0	10.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	155	80	70	19.1	19.0	17.7	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	15.9	14.1	17.5	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	16.7	15.0	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	130	60	70	16.0	14.3	17.7	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	12.7	11.5	13.9	896,520	414,070	482,445	13.3	12.4	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	115	50	65	14.2	11.9	16.5	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	11.3	10.7	11.8	849,005	411,680	437,325	12.6	12.4	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	80	45	35	9.9	10.7	8.9	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	9.2	9.1	9.2	687,020	345,720	341,305	10.2	10.4	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	35	25	15	4.3	6.0	3.8	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	7.1	7.6	6.6	503,110	271,695	231,415	7.5	8.2	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	3.7	4.8	2.5	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	5.4	6.2	4.7	367,455	208,475	158,980	5.5	6.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	30	15	10	3.7	3.6	2.5	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	4.2	4.9	3.6	284,690	158,760	125,930	4.2	4.8	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	1.9	2.4	1.3	965,950	553,435	412,510	3.3	3.9	2.8	198,140	112,355	85,780	2.9	3.4	2.5
$100,000 and over	25	20	5	3.1	4.8	1.3	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	10.8	14.5	7.3	556,780	365,700	191,080	8.3	11.0	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	20	10	10	2.5	2.4	2.5	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	7.2	9.2	5.2	385,890	245,635	140,260	5.7	7.4	4.1
$150,000 and over	10	5	0	1.2	1.2	0.0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	3.6	5.3	2.0	170,890	120,065	50,820	2.5	3.6	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	840	430	405	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	30	15	15	3.6	3.5	3.7	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	3.6	3.6	3.5	177,960	86,610	91,355	2.6	2.5	2.6
With after-tax income	810	420	395	96.4	97.7	97.5	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	96.4	96.4	96.5	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	97.4	97.5	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	35	40	8.6	8.3	10.1	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	8.8	7.7	9.8	495,035	214,000	281,030	7.3	6.4	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	125	60	65	15.4	14.3	16.5	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	12.3	10.6	14.0	853,250	356,480	496,765	12.7	10.7	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	170	90	85	21.0	21.4	21.5	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	18.1	16.2	19.9	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	19.5	17.8	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	175	85	95	21.6	20.2	24.1	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	15.2	14.2	16.1	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	16.7	16.4	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	120	65	60	14.8	15.5	15.2	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	13.0	12.8	13.1	994,235	505,970	488,265	14.7	15.2	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	55	30	25	6.8	7.1	6.3	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	9.7	10.3	9.1	691,015	372,870	318,145	10.3	11.2	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	35	30	10	4.3	7.1	2.5	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	6.9	7.8	6.1	459,665	251,490	208,170	6.8	7.6	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	20	3.1	2.4	5.1	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	4.9	5.7	4.1	292,135	160,985	131,150	4.3	4.8	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	0	1.9	2.4	0.0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	3.5	4.1	2.9	174,905	104,610	70,295	2.6	3.1	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	1.2	1.2	0.0	643,700	402,325	241,380	2.2	2.8	1.6	106,165	67,055	39,105	1.6	2.0	1.1
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	1.2	1.2	0.0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	5.5	7.7	3.3	229,765	156,750	73,020	3.4	4.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	0.6	1.2	0.0	792,455	530,970	261,490	2.7	3.7	1.8	119,125	78,615	40,515	1.8	2.4	1.2
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	804,335	578,645	225,695	2.7	4.0	1.5	110,635	78,130	32,505	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	840	430	405	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	295	145	155	35.1	33.7	38.3	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	30.4	26.6	33.9	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	29.5	25.7	33.3
With employment income	540	285	255	64.3	66.3	63.0	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	69.6	73.4	66.1	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	70.5	74.3	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90	50	45	16.7	17.5	17.6	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	14.0	13.3	14.7	644,075	331,770	312,300	13.2	13.1	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	20	7.4	7.0	7.8	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	8.2	7.0	9.5	401,185	180,585	220,595	8.2	7.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	80	45	40	14.8	15.8	15.7	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	11.8	10.3	13.4	603,350	273,725	329,620	12.4	10.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	55	30	30	10.2	10.5	11.8	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	9.3	8.3	10.4	495,105	228,670	266,435	10.2	9.0	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	40	12.0	10.5	15.7	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	9.0	8.3	9.8	488,000	239,620	248,380	10.0	9.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	35	10.2	8.8	13.7	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	8.8	8.3	9.4	485,845	242,230	243,610	10.0	9.5	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	50	35	15	9.3	12.3	5.9	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	7.8	7.7	7.8	403,980	217,425	186,560	8.3	8.6	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	2.8	3.5	2.0	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	6.5	6.9	6.0	320,700	184,770	135,935	6.6	7.3	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	5.6	7.0	3.9	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	5.2	5.8	4.5	250,635	147,020	103,615	5.1	5.8	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	15	3.7	3.5	5.9	929,490	539,395	390,095	4.4	4.9	3.8	218,100	120,085	98,020	4.5	4.7	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	0.9	0.0	2.0	760,035	439,505	320,530	3.6	4.0	3.1	141,540	86,090	55,450	2.9	3.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	20	20	5	3.7	7.0	2.0	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	11.4	15.1	7.5	422,055	285,910	136,145	8.7	11.3	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	0	2.8	3.5	0.0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	5.3	6.5	4.1	205,085	133,500	71,585	4.2	5.3	3.1
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	1.9	1.8	0.0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	6.1	8.6	3.4	216,965	152,410	64,555	4.5	6.0	2.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	840	430	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	405	385	94.0	94.2	93.9	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	94.3	94.0	94.5	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	31,200	33,600	36,400	31,200	39,200	45,200	34,000	39,200	45,200	34,000	38,400	43,200	34,000	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	405	385	94.0	94.2	93.9	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	94.3	94.1	94.6	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,000	30,400	32,000	28,000	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,200	40,000	31,200	34,000	37,600	30,600	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	685	350	335	81.5	81.4	81.7	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	84.7	86.3	83.2	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	86.1	87.9	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	31,600	28,600	30,400	31,600	28,600	36,800	44,000	30,800	36,800	44,000	30,800	34,800	40,400	29,200	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	540	285	260	64.3	66.3	63.4	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	70.0	73.6	66.6	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	70.4	74.1	66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	32,400	31,600	31,800	32,400	31,600	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,000	44,400	32,800	36,400	41,200	31,800	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	610	290	325	72.6	67.4	79.3	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	76.5	73.2	79.6	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	73.4	68.3	78.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,900	12,900	9,400	10,900	12,900	9,400	4,240	1,960	6,450	4,240	1,960	6,450	7,800	5,640	9,100	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	120	60	55	14.3	14.0	13.4	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	8.0	8.0	8.1	727,165	390,255	336,910	10.5	11.4	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	10,100	7,200	9,300	10,100	7,200	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,000	4,760	5,280	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	800	405	395	95.2	95.3	95.2	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	94.3	94.0	94.5	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	95.6	95.5	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,400	47,000	31,800	39,400	47,000	31,800	52,350	61,250	43,800	52,350	61,250	43,800	48,600	55,500	41,880	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	800	405	395	95.2	95.3	95.2	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	94.3	94.1	94.6	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	95.6	95.5	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,300	40,000	28,600	34,300	40,000	28,600	42,920	49,000	37,160	42,920	49,000	37,160	39,600	44,000	35,320	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	365	350	85.1	85.9	84.3	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	84.7	86.3	83.2	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	86.1	87.9	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,600	42,000	26,800	34,600	42,000	26,800	51,040	60,800	41,320	51,040	60,800	41,320	45,920	53,800	37,920	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	575	310	265	68.5	72.9	63.9	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	70.0	73.6	66.6	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	70.4	74.1	66.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	41,200	29,800	35,800	41,200	29,800	50,560	58,800	41,800	50,560	58,800	41,800	46,240	52,450	39,520	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	640	295	345	76.2	69.4	83.1	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	76.5	73.1	79.6	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	73.4	68.2	78.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,640	11,700	9,760	10,640	11,700	9,760	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,950	6,990	8,800	9,450	8,430	10,320	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115	40	75	13.7	9.4	18.1	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	8.0	7.9	8.1	727,815	390,880	336,935	10.5	11.4	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	11,200	7,000	8,600	11,200	7,000	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,020	5,975	8,230	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	280	160	120	33.3	37.6	28.9	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	32.4	36.6	28.3	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	33.1	36.3	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	40,800	51,600	37,200	40,800	51,600	37,200	60,000	66,000	53,600	60,000	66,000	53,600	54,800	60,000	49,200	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,800	54,000	42,000	48,800	54,000	42,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	73,200	81,900	62,250	65,400	72,900	56,600	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	90	105	22.6	21.2	25.3	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	26.2	25.3	27.0	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	27.4	27.4	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	23,400	18,000	18,000	23,400	18,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	24,200	28,000	21,800	23,600	27,200	21,000	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	30,800	22,000	26,200	30,800	22,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	35,200	41,280	29,720	33,000	37,800	28,360	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.4	82.0	73.5	78.4	82.0	73.5	87.6	91.2	83.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	65.0	67.0	63.0	65.0	67.0	63.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	71.8	75.0	67.2	70.0	73.4	66.0	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	21.6	18.4	26.4	21.6	18.4	26.4	12.3	8.9	16.9	12.3	8.9	16.9	14.9	10.8	20.2	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.1	2.4	4.0	3.1	2.4	4.0	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	420	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	100	...	...	...	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	...	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	...	...	29,200	...	...	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	320	...	...	...	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	...	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	415	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...	75,200	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	...	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	53,350	...	...	47,680	...	...	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...	44,360	...	...	44,360	...	...	39,640	...	...	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	305	...	...	...	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	...	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	165,175	...	...	1.1	...	...	35,920	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	91,750	...	...	0.6	...	...	23,880	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	178,475	...	...	1.2	...	...	52,080	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	274,140	...	...	1.8	...	...	82,470	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	637,695	...	...	4.3	...	...	218,185	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	505,875	...	...	3.4	...	...	144,420	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	488,735	...	...	3.3	...	...	143,285	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	560,950	...	...	3.7	...	...	172,005	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	572,650	...	...	3.8	...	...	174,790	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	559,155	...	...	3.7	...	...	166,990	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	8.3	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	7.3	...	...	310,880	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	11.9	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	7.0	...	...	280,505	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	8.3	...	...	986,460	...	...	6.6	...	...	255,770	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	921,205	...	...	6.2	...	...	235,235	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	7.1	...	...	844,835	...	...	5.6	...	...	208,320	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	105	...	...	25.0	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	40.4	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	33.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	11.9	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	11.7	...	...	414,805	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	8.6	...	...	282,590	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	10.3	...	...	307,835	...	...	8.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	9.8	...	...	239,060	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	186,735	...	...	1.2	...	...	40,590	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	95,195	...	...	0.6	...	...	24,960	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	183,430	...	...	1.2	...	...	53,600	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	289,545	...	...	1.9	...	...	87,695	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	681,900	...	...	4.6	...	...	234,875	...	...	6.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	589,110	...	...	3.9	...	...	177,135	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	582,275	...	...	3.9	...	...	180,150	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	666,675	...	...	4.5	...	...	213,760	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	676,995	...	...	4.5	...	...	210,280	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	655,100	...	...	4.4	...	...	193,530	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	8.6	...	...	356,325	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	8.2	...	...	322,530	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	7.6	...	...	289,580	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	7.1	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	6.9	...	...	254,885	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	911,515	...	...	6.1	...	...	216,370	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	15.5	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	31.9	...	...	892,775	...	...	23.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	8.3	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	11.7	...	...	387,835	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	7.7	...	...	225,830	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	12.4	...	...	279,105	...	...	7.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	305	...	...	...	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	...	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	...	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	...	...	...	991,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	...	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	...	...	...	907,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	...	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	...	...	...	368,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	140	90	55	...	...	...	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	...	...	...	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	30,800	34,400	33,600	30,800	34,400	38,400	40,000	36,800	38,400	40,000	36,800	36,800	39,200	34,800	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	29,400	31,000	29,400	29,400	31,000	34,800	36,000	33,600	34,800	36,000	33,600	33,200	34,800	31,600	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	305	...	...	...	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	...	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	...	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	...	...	...	992,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	...	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	...	...	...	909,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	160,600	...	...	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	...	...	...	367,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	120	75	45	...	...	...	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	...	...	...	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,500	42,000	30,000	36,500	42,000	30,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	49,440	52,050	46,880	45,480	48,000	42,920	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	36,000	26,000	32,000	36,000	26,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	41,560	43,080	40,120	38,040	39,400	36,640	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	985	510	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	175	95	85	17.8	18.6	17.7	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	19.8	20.6	19.0	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	19.8	20.5	19.2
0 to 5 years	40	15	25	4.1	2.9	5.2	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	6.1	6.4	5.9	515,725	264,785	250,935	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	545	290	265	55.3	56.9	55.2	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	62.1	62.2	61.9	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	60.9	61.3	60.5
65 years and over	260	130	130	26.4	25.5	27.1	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	18.1	17.2	19.1	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	19.3	18.2	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	135	70	70	...	...	...	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	...	...	...	992,235	463,295	528,940	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	...	...	...	854,565	439,490	415,075	...	...	...	159,530	82,000	77,530	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	...	...	...	282,315	144,250	138,065	...	...	...	53,105	27,240	25,870	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	55	25	25	...	...	...	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	...	...	...	515,470	256,435	259,035	...	...	...
65 years and over	60	25	30	...	...	...	985,745	391,695	594,050	...	...	...	317,235	124,865	192,370	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	12.8	14.4	13.6	12.8	14.4	11.1	10.5	11.6	11.1	10.5	11.6	11.9	11.2	12.7	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.0	12.0	11.0	10.0	12.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	x	x	16.0	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.0	11.0	10.4	10.0	11.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	9.7	9.4	9.9	10.2	10.1	10.2	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	22.0	20.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	24.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	15.0	12.7	16.9	19.8	16.6	22.7	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	985	510	475	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	180	90	85	18.3	17.6	17.9	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	19.7	20.5	18.9	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	19.8	20.4	19.2
0 to 5 years	40	15	25	4.1	2.9	5.3	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	6.1	6.3	5.8	511,400	262,535	248,860	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	545	285	260	55.3	55.9	54.7	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	62.1	62.3	62.0	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	60.9	61.3	60.5
65 years and over	260	130	130	26.4	25.5	27.4	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	18.2	17.3	19.2	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	19.3	18.3	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	20	15	...	...	...	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	...	...	...	439,850	223,055	216,795	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	...	...	...	319,545	164,490	155,060	...	...	...	61,665	31,610	30,060	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...	99,435	50,875	48,560	...	...	...	19,815	10,190	9,630	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	...	...	...	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	...	...	...	313,970	167,015	146,955	...	...	...
65 years and over	5	0	0	...	...	...	199,155	83,010	116,145	...	...	...	64,210	24,430	39,780	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	4.0	3.2	3.6	4.0	3.2	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	6.0	4.0	4.8	6.0	4.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.2	6.6	5.8	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.3	4.0	3.3	4.7	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	985	510	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	710	360	350	72.1	70.6	72.9	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	50.0	48.9	51.1	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	56.2	55.0	57.3
In bottom decile	120	60	60	12.2	11.8	12.5	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	10.0	9.8	10.2	851,840	407,705	444,140	10.3	9.9	10.6
In second decile	135	75	60	13.7	14.7	12.5	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	10.0	9.5	10.5	920,490	434,730	485,760	11.1	10.5	11.6
In third decile	190	95	95	19.3	18.6	19.8	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	10.0	9.8	10.2	969,255	471,650	497,600	11.7	11.4	11.9
In fourth decile	160	80	80	16.2	15.7	16.7	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	10.0	9.9	10.1	978,345	482,760	495,590	11.8	11.7	11.9
In fifth decile	105	50	60	10.7	9.8	12.5	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	10.0	10.0	10.0	947,090	473,285	473,810	11.4	11.5	11.3
In top half of the distribution	275	150	125	27.9	29.4	26.0	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	50.0	51.1	48.9	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	43.8	45.0	42.7
In sixth decile	80	45	30	8.1	8.8	6.3	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	10.0	10.1	9.9	899,660	454,970	444,690	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	75	45	35	7.6	8.8	7.3	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	10.0	10.1	9.9	837,225	425,400	411,830	10.1	10.3	9.8
In eighth decile	55	25	30	5.6	4.9	6.3	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	10.0	10.2	9.8	752,410	383,450	368,955	9.1	9.3	8.8
In ninth decile	50	25	20	5.1	4.9	4.2	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	10.0	10.3	9.7	634,425	325,700	308,730	7.6	7.9	7.4
In top decile	20	10	10	2.0	2.0	2.1	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	10.0	10.4	9.6	517,725	267,160	250,565	6.2	6.5	6.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	985	...	...	985	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	855	455	400	85.5	87.5	83.3	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	69.0	69.9	68.1	445,575	228,840	216,735	5.3	5.5	5.1
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	11.2	10.6	11.7	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	47.3	44.8	49.9
English and French	135	65	75	13.5	12.5	15.6	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	18.0	18.0	18.0	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	46.4	48.9	43.9
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	689,725	284,170	405,555	1.9	1.6	2.2	82,075	35,200	46,875	1.0	0.8	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	960	495	465	96.0	95.2	96.9	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	75.5	75.8	75.2	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	13.0	13.2	12.7
French	40	20	15	4.0	3.8	3.1	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	21.4	21.3	21.4	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	82.2	82.0	82.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	476,175	237,635	238,535	1.3	1.3	1.3	329,515	169,050	160,465	3.9	4.1	3.8
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	673,100	275,685	397,420	1.8	1.5	2.1	79,000	33,590	45,410	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	990	510	475	99.0	98.1	99.0	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	96.0	96.0	95.9	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	96.3	96.3	96.4
Official languages	950	490	465	95.0	94.2	96.9	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	74.5	75.2	73.9	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	82.4	82.6	82.3
English	915	470	450	91.5	90.4	93.8	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	54.9	55.6	54.3	639,365	323,170	316,195	7.6	7.8	7.5
French	40	25	15	4.0	4.8	3.1	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	19.6	19.6	19.6	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	74.8	74.8	74.9
Non-official languages	35	25	15	3.5	4.8	3.1	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	21.4	20.8	22.0	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	13.9	13.7	14.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	148,895	71,630	77,265	0.4	0.4	0.4	41,820	20,480	21,345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0.3	0.3	0.3	28,925	14,200	14,730	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0.2	0.2	0.2	27,870	13,715	14,160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,905	7,410	7,495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	300	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	290	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,870	5,435	5,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	310	315	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	300	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	75	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1	860	410	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	400	460	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	385	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	235	235	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	850	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	70	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	755	755	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	440	400	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	725	670	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	40	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,775	6,220	6,550	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	220	340	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	140	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	85	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,770	6,220	6,550	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	150	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	220	265	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	520	575	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	485	555	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	245	315	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	515	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	300	290	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	180	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	25	15	3.5	4.8	3.1	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	21.0	20.4	21.6	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	13.4	13.2	13.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	698,355	359,625	338,730	1.9	2.0	1.8	233,220	122,895	110,320	2.8	3.0	2.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0.1	0.1	0.1	25,990	13,860	12,130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0.1	0.1	0.1	23,735	12,570	11,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,340	1,365	975	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,975	1,130	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	225	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,085	905	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	510	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	740	570	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	235	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	340	335	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	510	505	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,330	620	705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,085	935	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,275	595	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	400	350	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	618,450	320,045	298,405	1.7	1.8	1.6	204,600	107,735	96,865	2.4	2.6	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	345	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	508,410	265,350	243,060	1.4	1.5	1.3	198,785	104,765	94,020	2.4	2.5	2.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0.1	0.1	0.1	525	250	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	805	795	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	550	675	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0.1	0.1	0.0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0.1	0.1	0.1	810	415	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	235	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	192,985	87,230	105,750	0.5	0.5	0.6	37,425	17,185	20,240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0.1	0.0	0.1	8,730	3,975	4,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	173,000	78,180	94,820	0.5	0.4	0.5	28,630	13,180	15,450	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565,375	238,875	326,500	1.5	1.3	1.8	25,580	10,200	15,375	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,115	940	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	175	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,050	370	685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	325	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	205	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,125	855	1,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	255	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	465	640	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	990	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	870	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,245	580	670	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,180	545	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	415	425	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	325	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	570	760	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,050	900	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	461,150	194,805	266,345	1.3	1.1	1.4	17,710	7,005	10,705	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	690	935	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	185	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,235	35,650	42,580	0.2	0.2	0.2	62,640	28,375	34,265	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0.1	0.1	0.2	46,475	20,690	25,785	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	315	290	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	435	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	280	300	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	255	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	244,165	125,180	118,990	0.7	0.7	0.6	18,350	9,425	8,925	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	215	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,050	29,375	24,670	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,800	945	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	152,850	75,010	77,845	0.4	0.4	0.4	14,235	7,030	7,205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,895	1,215	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	310	305	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	170	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	265	305	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	20	10	3.0	3.8	2.1	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	11.3	11.2	11.4	595,790	290,670	305,115	7.1	7.0	7.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,310	1,660	1,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,890	8,225	8,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	648,810	297,100	351,710	1.8	1.6	1.9	68,295	30,855	37,435	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	285	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	185	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	638,250	292,670	345,580	1.7	1.6	1.9	67,565	30,570	36,995	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	325	395	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,735	3,240	3,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,025	9,215	10,815	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,345	625	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160,170	72,120	88,050	0.4	0.4	0.5	12,495	5,380	7,120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	197,905	89,100	108,800	0.5	0.5	0.6	31,700	14,115	17,590	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	240	255	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	116,735	56,900	59,835	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,415	4,180	4,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,500	20,755	22,740	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,380	1,155	1,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,720	1,865	1,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,995	945	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	380	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	265	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	84,705	38,005	46,695	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,065	2,220	2,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	355	315	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	410	420	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	463,400	221,365	242,035	1.3	1.2	1.3	25,580	12,440	13,140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	800	775	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	301,570	142,580	158,990	0.8	0.8	0.9	21,145	10,240	10,910	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	272,865	128,250	144,615	0.7	0.7	0.8	11,055	5,090	5,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	565	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	138,655	67,815	70,840	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,175	1,580	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,270	6,175	6,095	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80,315	39,000	41,310	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,590	1,305	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	650	625	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	185	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,275	9,500	10,775	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,140	560	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,945	4,750	5,195	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	430	480	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	260	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	670	660	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,335	45,860	47,470	0.3	0.3	0.3	34,080	16,735	17,345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	4.5	4.7	4.4	101,450	52,780	48,665	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	3.7	3.9	3.6	63,025	33,465	29,555	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	87,580	45,160	42,425	0.2	0.3	0.2	12,140	6,220	5,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	138,985	73,335	65,655	0.4	0.4	0.4	7,070	3,655	3,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	152,825	79,585	73,240	0.4	0.4	0.4	5,445	3,080	2,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	395	350	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	285	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,105	560	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,775	940	835	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	615	510	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	325	320	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	666,585	341,515	325,065	1.8	1.9	1.8	23,825	12,975	10,855	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	375	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235,290	118,540	116,755	0.6	0.7	0.6	11,320	5,860	5,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	150	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300,555	150,160	150,390	0.8	0.8	0.8	38,400	19,305	19,090	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	630	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,520	10,170	9,355	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,490	810	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	262,625	130,180	132,440	0.7	0.7	0.7	35,615	17,770	17,850	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0.2	0.2	0.2	10,665	5,370	5,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	179,425	89,070	90,360	0.5	0.5	0.5	22,130	10,990	11,140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,820	1,410	1,410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	425	390	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	3.3	3.2	3.3	346,000	167,870	178,130	4.1	4.0	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	470	440	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	319,505	154,295	165,205	0.9	0.9	0.9	90,940	44,080	46,865	1.1	1.1	1.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240,680	115,235	125,450	0.7	0.6	0.7	41,545	19,890	21,650	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,160	44,185	48,975	0.3	0.2	0.3	35,810	17,115	18,695	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0	538,870	259,500	279,375	1.5	1.4	1.5	177,155	86,490	90,660	2.1	2.1	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	610	550	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,850	14,205	29,650	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,760	795	1,965	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170,400	77,075	93,325	0.5	0.4	0.5	6,670	2,860	3,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	800	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	90	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	108,295	52,850	55,440	0.3	0.3	0.3	33,495	16,630	16,865	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	490	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	1,000	860	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	795	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,685	745	940	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	1,030	920	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	535	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	400	415	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	885	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	320	440	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	260	260	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	205	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	365	325	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	920	420	500	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	315	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	175	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	200	320	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	495	535	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	435	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	470	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	535	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	1,000	865	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	515	570	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	450	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	305	270	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	680	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	485	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	555	450	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	130	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	3.6	3.3	3.8	87,540	40,170	47,375	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	3.5	3.3	3.8	87,155	39,990	47,160	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	200	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	679,255	310,750	368,510	1.9	1.7	2.0	57,445	26,210	31,235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	665	645	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,670	1,180	1,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	365	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	553,380	255,540	297,835	1.5	1.4	1.6	24,235	11,275	12,965	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	710	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	295	330	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	475	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	305	315	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	295	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,350	8,605	13,745	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,855	2,040	2,820	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	220	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	165	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,520	28,385	25,135	0.1	0.2	0.1	9,230	4,775	4,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	250	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	230	305	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,220	4,240	3,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,355	660	690	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,805	890	920	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	530	620	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	68,180	31,000	37,180	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,335	2,465	2,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	60	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,200	5,075	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	120	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,500	23,980	27,525	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,865	2,290	2,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	540	520	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	4.0	4.0	4.1	308,550	155,455	153,095	3.7	3.7	3.6
English and French	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	291,325	142,420	148,905	0.8	0.8	0.8	126,405	64,585	61,820	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.5	0.0	1.0	921,480	450,685	470,800	2.5	2.5	2.5	49,485	24,660	24,825	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	117,910	57,875	60,040	0.3	0.3	0.3	94,205	46,880	47,320	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,880	25,900	26,975	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,685	14,700	13,985	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,095	42,330	49,765	0.3	0.2	0.3	9,765	4,625	5,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	935	475	455	93.5	91.3	94.8	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	57.1	57.7	56.6	623,305	313,780	309,520	7.4	7.5	7.3
French	10	10	5	1.0	1.9	1.0	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	17.6	17.7	17.6	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	71.8	71.6	71.9
Non-official language	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	6.6	6.3	6.8	366,730	177,410	189,315	4.4	4.3	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0.1	0.1	0.1	23,080	11,585	11,495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	6.4	6.2	6.7	343,650	165,830	177,825	4.1	4.0	4.2
English and French	25	15	10	2.5	2.9	2.1	953,760	465,560	488,205	2.6	2.6	2.6	497,380	256,735	240,645	5.9	6.2	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	2.0	2.9	1.0	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	13.2	13.0	13.4	205,755	102,290	103,470	2.4	2.5	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395,320	188,195	207,125	1.1	1.0	1.1	375,795	179,585	196,210	4.5	4.3	4.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455,760	217,995	237,770	1.2	1.2	1.3	284,940	141,275	143,665	3.4	3.4	3.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200,320	93,165	107,155	0.5	0.5	0.6	20,125	9,545	10,585	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	995	520	475	99.5	100.0	99.0	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	95.7	95.8	95.7	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	95.8	95.8	95.7
Official languages	970	500	470	97.0	96.2	97.9	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	83.1	83.4	82.7	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	87.9	88.0	87.7
English	955	490	465	95.5	94.2	96.9	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	63.8	64.2	63.5	874,185	438,570	435,615	10.4	10.5	10.3
French	15	10	5	1.5	1.9	1.0	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	19.2	19.3	19.2	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	77.5	77.5	77.5
Non-official languages	30	20	10	3.0	3.8	2.1	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	12.7	12.4	12.9	662,615	322,860	339,750	7.9	7.8	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0.2	0.2	0.2	34,245	17,040	17,200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,430	11,165	11,265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	495	480	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,115	11,025	11,090	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,895	5,960	5,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	300	265	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	295	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	305	360	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	730	725	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	430	405	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,680	4,370	4,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	255	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	390	315	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	220	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	420	335	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,755	5,840	5,910	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,750	5,840	5,910	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10	3.0	3.8	2.1	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	12.4	12.1	12.7	628,365	305,820	322,555	7.5	7.3	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395,840	197,010	198,830	1.1	1.1	1.1	116,685	59,645	57,040	1.4	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	455	380	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	365	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	155	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	425	410	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	330	305	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0.1	0.1	0.1	605	280	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	890	760	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	265	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	215	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	352,790	176,270	176,520	1.0	1.0	1.0	104,890	53,505	51,380	1.2	1.3	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	155	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285,915	143,650	142,260	0.8	0.8	0.8	102,120	52,125	49,990	1.2	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0.1	0.1	0.1	380	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	605	615	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	305	380	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	760	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	360	435	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0.1	0.1	0.1	490	250	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	127,730	58,660	69,070	0.3	0.3	0.4	24,500	11,410	13,090	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	116,785	53,735	63,055	0.3	0.3	0.3	19,595	9,185	10,405	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	326,245	149,550	176,700	0.9	0.8	1.0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	370	395	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	240	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,175	510	665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	265	320	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	370	355	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	325	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	160	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	375	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275,045	125,870	149,170	0.8	0.7	0.8	10,260	4,690	5,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	325	360	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,985	11,815	15,170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,535	8,310	11,230	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	150	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	765	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	395	475	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	169,705	85,265	84,440	0.5	0.5	0.5	13,800	6,935	6,865	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,225	645	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	112,335	54,240	58,095	0.3	0.3	0.3	11,215	5,465	5,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,140	700	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	730	610	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	15	5	2.0	2.9	1.0	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	6.2	6.2	6.2	336,635	164,100	172,535	4.0	3.9	4.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,910	945	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,325	5,870	6,455	0.1	0.1	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	303,480	143,495	159,985	0.8	0.8	0.9	39,725	18,855	20,870	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	395	485	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	720	895	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300,985	142,375	158,610	0.8	0.8	0.9	39,575	18,795	20,775	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,140	30,225	34,915	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,795	2,110	2,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,780	59,290	66,490	0.3	0.3	0.4	22,770	10,815	11,960	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,205	2,085	2,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	530	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	445	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,090	1,060	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	315	325	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	595	785	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,375	1,135	1,240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	295	265	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	140,450	68,575	71,875	0.4	0.4	0.4	10,320	5,250	5,075	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	110	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	30	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	103,780	50,460	53,325	0.3	0.3	0.3	9,600	4,930	4,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	86,820	41,815	45,005	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,685	805	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,750	870	875	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,710	16,730	16,980	0.1	0.1	0.1	420	200	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	245	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	920	1,020	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	435	450	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	740	355	390	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,235	7,015	8,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	3.2	3.3	3.1	74,455	38,045	36,410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	962,820	490,815	472,000	2.6	2.7	2.5	46,420	24,225	22,195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,750	28,435	28,315	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,760	4,360	4,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,005	47,790	44,215	0.3	0.3	0.2	4,630	2,360	2,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	91,930	47,555	44,375	0.3	0.3	0.2	3,525	1,915	1,615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	415	470	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	420	375	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	275	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	145	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520,390	266,775	253,610	1.4	1.5	1.4	19,290	10,435	8,855	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	225	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	158,040	78,420	79,615	0.4	0.4	0.4	8,250	4,160	4,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,040	975	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	204,420	99,545	104,875	0.6	0.6	0.6	28,020	13,810	14,210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	325	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	590	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	179,745	87,075	92,670	0.5	0.5	0.5	26,205	12,850	13,355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,595	3,780	3,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,840	61,060	64,780	0.3	0.3	0.3	16,660	8,135	8,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	940	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	250	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	577,735	273,965	303,770	1.6	1.5	1.6	182,585	88,060	94,525	2.2	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,755	38,750	54,005	0.3	0.2	0.3	26,290	11,205	15,085	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	118,730	56,685	62,045	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,885	9,965	10,920	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,255	10,895	11,355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	317,365	155,005	162,360	0.9	0.9	0.9	112,915	55,870	57,050	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,055	8,290	11,765	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,155	455	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,525	58,250	67,275	0.3	0.3	0.4	4,760	2,135	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	505	545	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,600	18,055	20,545	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,160	4,895	5,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	235	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	150	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	665	650	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	445	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	770	765	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	415	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	655	860	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	410	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	775	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	480	555	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	145	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	810	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	100	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	1,040	910	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,470	795	675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	115	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	320	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	295	355	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	705	760	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,285	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	165	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	830	645	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,385	775	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	345	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	967,965	450,210	517,755	2.6	2.5	2.8	67,120	31,725	35,390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	955,685	444,115	511,565	2.6	2.5	2.8	66,880	31,610	35,275	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530,945	249,675	281,270	1.4	1.4	1.5	46,925	22,275	24,650	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	370	405	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,510	680	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	260	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	393,430	180,000	213,435	1.1	1.0	1.2	16,860	7,870	8,985	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	320	340	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	225	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	135	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,060	995	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	95	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,005	3,005	3,000	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,540	2,780	2,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	435	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	470	480	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,505	670	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	245	370	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	825	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	645	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	4.3	4.2	4.3	357,245	176,070	181,175	4.2	4.2	4.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230,955	112,070	118,880	0.6	0.6	0.6	137,120	69,025	68,095	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	3.1	3.0	3.1	60,495	29,540	30,950	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,525	60,405	65,125	0.3	0.3	0.4	116,595	56,445	60,150	1.4	1.4	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,805	27,370	29,430	0.2	0.2	0.2	39,875	19,575	20,300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,160	1,485	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,000	515	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	955	490	465	95.5	95.1	96.9	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	84.8	85.1	84.5	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	86.9	86.8	87.0
English	15	10	5	1.5	1.9	1.0	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	5.3	5.4	5.3	353,690	183,470	170,225	4.2	4.4	4.0
French	20	10	5	2.0	1.9	1.0	571,040	268,530	302,510	1.6	1.5	1.6	259,425	127,380	132,040	3.1	3.1	3.1
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	6.1	5.9	6.3	269,715	129,830	139,890	3.2	3.1	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	63,565	29,285	34,280	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,315	2,495	2,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	6.0	5.8	6.2	264,405	127,330	137,070	3.1	3.1	3.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	86,185	42,600	43,585	0.2	0.2	0.2	61,955	31,425	30,525	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0	323,845	161,995	161,850	0.9	0.9	0.9	76,755	38,765	37,990	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,565	61,575	72,995	0.4	0.3	0.4	55,860	26,915	28,945	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,870	5,975	5,895	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	234,905	115,470	119,430	0.6	0.6	0.6	19,290	9,695	9,595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	98.1	98.4	97.8	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	99.0	99.2	98.9
English	980	505	480	99.5	100.0	99.0	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	87.1	87.9	86.2	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	52.0	54.6	49.3
French	155	70	85	15.7	13.9	17.5	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	29.1	28.5	29.6	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	93.7	93.7	93.8
Non-official languages	65	35	30	6.6	6.9	6.2	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	29.5	28.7	30.3	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	22.3	21.8	22.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	243,155	116,360	126,795	0.7	0.6	0.7	50,165	24,530	25,640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	163,815	78,135	85,675	0.5	0.4	0.5	35,985	17,600	18,380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105,850	50,975	54,870	0.3	0.3	0.3	33,860	16,570	17,290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	87,875	42,340	45,530	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,930	8,910	9,020	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	220	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	450	445	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	425	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,650	6,365	6,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	525	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	495	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	210	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	205	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	420	400	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,945	900	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	895	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,750	800	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0.1	0.1	0.1	210	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,035	875	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	80	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0.1	0.1	0.1	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0.1	0.1	0.1	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0.1	0.1	0.1	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	680	870	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	115	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	355	420	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	620	590	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	265	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	130	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	120	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	90	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,900	6,750	7,150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	505	630	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	430	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	145	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,880	6,740	7,140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,055	880	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	95	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	655	950	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	850	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	670	745	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	300	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	510	580	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	320	390	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	195	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	715	810	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	470	455	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	555	580	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	595	515	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	170	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	355	465	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	315	390	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	310	335	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	405	450	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	35	30	6.6	6.9	6.2	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	28.9	28.1	29.6	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	21.7	21.2	22.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	3.0	3.2	2.9	385,210	201,105	184,100	4.6	4.9	4.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0.1	0.1	0.1	39,965	21,145	18,820	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0.1	0.1	0.1	35,660	18,725	16,930	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	750	575	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	545	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	725	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,040	965	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,650	825	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	580	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,145	990	1,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,025	925	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	760	645	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	2.8	2.9	2.7	363,875	190,005	173,870	4.4	4.6	4.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,225	605	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	838,045	436,510	401,540	2.3	2.4	2.2	343,675	179,750	163,930	4.1	4.4	3.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0.1	0.1	0.1	935	460	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0.1	0.1	0.1	205	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	310	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,000	925	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0.2	0.2	0.2	19,210	9,935	9,275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,010	490	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	1,065	695	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260,030	120,035	139,995	0.7	0.7	0.8	49,720	23,320	26,405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,785	5,930	6,855	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	232,800	107,435	125,355	0.6	0.6	0.7	37,655	17,735	19,920	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	455	455	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	793,275	336,445	456,840	2.2	1.9	2.5	40,880	16,660	24,225	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	150	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	285	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,045	13,790	19,250	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,940	625	1,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,215	470	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,680	25,280	36,400	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,845	1,565	2,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,510	625	885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	770	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	345	510	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	785	780	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,085	570	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	275	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	195	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	737,565	310,735	426,830	2.0	1.7	2.3	33,810	13,330	20,480	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,140	8,785	11,355	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,645	655	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	184,840	85,045	99,790	0.5	0.5	0.5	135,275	62,040	73,235	1.6	1.5	1.8
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0.4	0.3	0.4	118,010	53,530	64,480	1.4	1.3	1.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	870	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	785	750	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	570	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,995	8,440	9,560	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	359,485	185,160	174,325	1.0	1.0	0.9	25,390	13,070	12,320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0.1	0.1	0.0	925	530	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	77,910	42,025	35,890	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,530	1,325	1,200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	237,890	119,570	118,320	0.7	0.7	0.6	20,050	9,955	10,100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,260	2,055	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	935	835	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	450	520	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	110	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	365	360	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	25	25	5.6	5.0	5.2	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	16.1	16.0	16.2	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	12.2	11.9	12.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,545	2,315	2,230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,100	10,785	11,310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820,305	384,390	435,915	2.3	2.1	2.4	95,385	45,060	50,330	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	465	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	180	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	290	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	809,985	380,025	429,960	2.2	2.1	2.3	94,580	44,695	49,885	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	185	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,110	3,950	4,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,625	13,595	15,030	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,165	1,040	1,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0.1	0.1	0.1	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	204,460	94,135	110,325	0.6	0.5	0.6	16,790	7,555	9,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	309,235	145,375	163,860	0.9	0.8	0.9	55,485	26,345	29,135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	345	330	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155,775	76,800	78,975	0.4	0.4	0.4	11,145	5,505	5,635	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,060	1,520	1,540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,845	36,015	37,830	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,710	2,300	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,285	2,560	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	175	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,905	9,455	11,450	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,380	630	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	340	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	131,655	59,230	72,425	0.4	0.3	0.4	10,185	4,575	5,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	375	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	180	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	495	415	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	2.5	2.0	3.1	658,705	319,800	338,905	1.8	1.8	1.8	65,625	33,305	32,320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.1	453,995	222,215	231,780	1.2	1.2	1.3	57,640	29,540	28,105	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.1	419,195	204,840	214,355	1.2	1.1	1.2	44,170	22,715	21,450	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	785	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,825	6,540	6,290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	191,840	93,435	98,405	0.5	0.5	0.5	6,410	3,140	3,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,670	15,335	14,335	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	295	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	107,985	51,330	56,650	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,170	2,565	2,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	640	670	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0.1	0.1	0.1	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	340	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,500	17,205	20,300	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,335	1,630	1,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,700	6,805	7,900	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	395	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	685	790	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,860	4,180	4,675	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	375	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,620	6,765	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	980	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	720	555	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145,060	71,685	73,375	0.4	0.4	0.4	50,375	24,835	25,540	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	6.2	6.5	6.0	136,020	71,180	64,840	1.6	1.7	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	5.3	5.5	5.1	90,745	48,355	42,395	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	590	565	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120,605	62,330	58,270	0.3	0.3	0.3	16,170	8,320	7,850	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	209,415	110,000	99,405	0.6	0.6	0.5	10,640	5,590	5,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	761,425	395,410	366,015	2.1	2.2	2.0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	155	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	965	865	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	130	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,160	620	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,375	740	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	925	785	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	755	795	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	942,170	488,075	454,090	2.6	2.7	2.5	34,290	18,580	15,710	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	420	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	110	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,610	860	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	414,870	211,895	202,975	1.1	1.2	1.1	21,180	11,325	9,850	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	445	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370,520	186,750	183,770	1.0	1.0	1.0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	565	420	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,805	1,045	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	535	470	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,210	1,235	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	326,285	163,665	162,620	0.9	0.9	0.9	44,745	22,585	22,160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,235	6,845	6,390	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	222,160	111,750	110,415	0.6	0.6	0.6	27,430	13,785	13,645	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,595	2,255	2,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	970	855	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	180	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,245	895	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	2.5	2.0	4.1	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	5.7	5.4	5.9	684,830	324,095	360,735	8.2	7.9	8.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	725	530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	547,655	263,950	283,705	1.5	1.5	1.5	168,040	82,400	85,645	2.0	2.0	2.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	336,865	164,985	171,880	0.9	0.9	0.9	65,605	33,005	32,600	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	116,520	55,570	60,950	0.3	0.3	0.3	44,510	21,425	23,090	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	25	10	20	2.5	2.0	4.1	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	3.2	3.1	3.4	453,905	210,400	243,505	5.5	5.1	5.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	670	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,965	1,025	940	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	150	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	98,070	43,380	54,690	0.3	0.2	0.3	9,305	4,485	4,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	203,885	92,275	111,605	0.6	0.5	0.6	9,265	3,920	5,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	125	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	267,520	131,495	136,025	0.7	0.7	0.7	75,835	37,990	37,845	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,385	1,270	1,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	225	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	750	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0.1	0.1	0.0	745	435	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,985	7,255	7,730	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,205	600	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	810	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	490	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	190	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	650	360	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	375	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	580	725	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,270	6,225	6,040	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,100	1,610	1,490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,915	9,215	8,695	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	905	960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	685	805	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,845	895	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	555	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,535	19,685	29,850	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,070	3,485	4,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,620	14,430	23,195	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,310	575	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,555	830	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	4.3	4.0	4.5	107,415	49,840	57,575	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	4.2	4.0	4.4	106,915	49,630	57,285	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	370	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	987,300	452,995	534,305	2.7	2.5	2.9	80,520	37,100	43,420	1.0	0.9	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,825	840	980	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0.1	0.1	0.2	4,310	1,855	2,455	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,255	565	685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	724,925	335,185	389,740	2.0	1.9	2.1	34,030	15,430	18,600	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	785	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,185	560	625	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	190	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	30	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	520	620	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	395	450	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	890	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	540	680	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,705	14,255	19,440	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,330	3,170	4,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0.0	0.0	0.1	5,485	2,595	2,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,575	6,955	11,615	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,720	920	1,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	330	465	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0.3	0.3	0.2	17,795	8,940	8,850	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	570	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	600	815	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,195	8,135	8,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,660	790	875	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	155	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	980	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85,055	39,290	45,765	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,595	3,485	4,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	90	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,325	6,735	8,590	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	250	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,625	30,320	34,300	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,850	3,145	3,705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	430	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	40	25	20	4.1	5.0	4.1	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	5.0	4.9	5.1	205,010	101,150	103,865	2.5	2.5	2.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	40	25	20	4.1	5.0	4.1	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	4.8	4.7	4.9	193,365	95,320	98,045	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	35	20	20	3.6	4.0	4.1	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	2.9	2.8	2.9	116,550	56,080	60,475	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	624,220	306,220	318,000	1.7	1.7	1.7	61,010	31,620	29,390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,540	34,645	35,895	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,800	7,620	8,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,855	13,645	15,215	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,135	1,575	1,560	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,225	16,620	18,610	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,515	4,245	4,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	945	475	465	95.9	94.1	95.9	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	95.0	95.1	94.9	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	97.5	97.5	97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	20	20	3.6	4.0	4.1	831,720	402,310	429,405	2.3	2.2	2.3	76,775	37,825	38,945	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	950	485	465	96.4	96.0	95.9	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	97.7	97.8	97.7	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	99.1	99.1	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	385	...	...	92.8	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	66.5	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	59.9	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	7.2	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	33.1	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	39.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0.5	...	...	6,425	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	15.0	...	...	515,590	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not condominium	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	85.0	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	86.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	132,060	...	...	0.9	...	...	32,020	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	30	...	...	7.2	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	14.2	...	...	623,295	...	...	16.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	115	...	...	27.7	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	25.6	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	31.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	150	...	...	36.1	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	33.3	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	31.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	115	...	...	27.7	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	26.1	...	...	730,330	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	80	...	...	19.3	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	31.1	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	36.8	...	...
5 rooms	70	...	...	16.9	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	15.5	...	...	645,635	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	50	...	...	12.0	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	13.6	...	...	435,225	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	55	...	...	13.3	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	12.0	...	...	403,225	...	...	10.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	160	...	...	38.6	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	27.8	...	...	886,180	...	...	23.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	97.6	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	353,715	...	...	2.4	...	...	48,315	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	405	...	...	97.6	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	94.6	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	805,650	...	...	5.4	...	...	142,775	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	170	...	...	41.0	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	20.2	...	...	879,375	...	...	23.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	105	...	...	25.3	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	27.9	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	29.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	50	...	...	12.0	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	13.2	...	...	509,120	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	12.1	...	...	385,315	...	...	10.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	959,860	...	...	6.4	...	...	198,595	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	6.9	...	...	231,930	...	...	6.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	967,540	...	...	6.5	...	...	212,290	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	6.9	...	...	217,715	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	370	...	...	89.2	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	93.9	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	40	...	...	9.6	...	...	919,545	...	...	6.1	...	...	236,110	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	215	...	...	51.8	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	51.1	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	56.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	190	...	...	45.8	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	44.3	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	41.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	687,485	...	...	4.6	...	...	89,875	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	424,695	...	...	2.8	...	...	117,525	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	13.9	...	...	525,540	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	13.3	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	17.4	...	...	647,165	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	16.9	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	17.7	...	...	628,630	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	75	...	...	18.1	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	20.3	...	...	760,395	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	110	...	...	26.5	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	16.2	...	...	629,965	...	...	16.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...	8.4	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	8.6	...	...	336,170	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	457,900	...	...	3.1	...	...	103,640	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	400	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	365	...	...	91.3	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	79.1	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	83.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	7.5	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	20.9	...	...	595,690	...	...	16.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	20	...	...	5.0	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	18.7	...	...	542,060	...	...	14.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	19.3	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	29.2	...	...	901,440	...	...	24.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	7.2	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	18.2	...	...	537,090	...	...	14.3	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	595,110	...	...	4.0	...	...	112,775	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	40	...	...	9.6	...	...	645,465	...	...	4.3	...	...	179,840	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	135,770	...	...	0.9	...	...	15,470	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	199,355	...	...	1.3	...	...	41,740	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	64,095	...	...	0.4	...	...	13,135	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0.1	...	...	1,395	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	330	...	...	79.5	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	70.8	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	76.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	380	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	100.0	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	10.1	...	...	218,275	...	...	6.0	...	...
Not in core need	370	...	...	97.4	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	89.9	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	94.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	...	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	...	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.7	...	...	50.7	...	...	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	62.2	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	604	...	...	604	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	788	...	...	788	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	199,000	...	...	199,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	618,500	...	...	376,800	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	...	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...	25.2	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...	886	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	69,130	...	...	...	...	...	6,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	284	...	...	440	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	327	...	...	449	...	...	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	990	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985,200	480,950	504,245	2.7	2.7	2.7	177,300	86,310	90,990	2.1	2.1	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	963,705	470,850	492,855	2.7	2.6	2.7	174,610	85,025	89,585	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	763,230	371,400	391,825	2.1	2.1	2.1	140,690	68,395	72,300	1.7	1.7	1.7
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	146,010	72,680	73,325	0.4	0.4	0.4	20,510	10,205	10,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0.1	0.1	0.2	13,410	6,425	6,980	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,490	10,095	11,395	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,685	1,280	1,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,830	865	965	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	365	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	530	535	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	30	25	0	3.0	5.0	0.0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	3.4	3.3	3.4	203,425	96,595	106,830	2.4	2.3	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	30	25	0	3.0	5.0	0.0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	3.3	3.2	3.3	200,985	95,520	105,460	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	25	0	3.0	5.0	0.0	801,630	384,550	417,075	2.2	2.1	2.3	177,925	84,210	93,720	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	362,130	174,975	187,150	1.0	1.0	1.0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,120	1,405	1,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,930	16,605	19,320	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,435	1,070	1,370	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,815	14,790	17,025	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,800	775	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	240	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	500	505	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	125	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	930	470	460	93.9	93.1	94.8	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	93.9	94.1	93.8	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	95.4	95.6	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	990	500	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	960	485	475	97.0	97.0	99.0	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	91.2	91.2	91.3	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	93.8	93.6	93.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	185	95	90	18.7	19.0	18.8	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	18.7	19.4	17.9	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	18.9	19.5	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	775	390	385	78.3	78.0	80.2	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	72.6	71.8	73.3	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	74.9	74.1	75.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30	15	10	3.0	3.0	2.1	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	8.8	8.8	8.7	518,265	264,490	253,775	6.2	6.4	6.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	990	500	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	915	460	460	92.4	92.0	95.8	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	74.4	75.0	73.8	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	83.0	83.0	82.9
Immigrants⁸¹	65	40	25	6.6	8.0	5.2	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	23.0	22.2	23.8	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	14.6	14.3	14.9
Before 1980	20	15	10	2.0	3.0	2.1	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	4.2	4.1	4.4	187,200	91,895	95,300	2.3	2.2	2.3
1980 to 1990	20	15	10	2.0	3.0	2.1	924,320	443,805	480,520	2.5	2.5	2.6	124,610	61,850	62,755	1.5	1.5	1.5
1991 to 2000	15	15	0	1.5	3.0	0.0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	4.2	3.9	4.4	190,495	91,635	98,860	2.3	2.2	2.4
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	5.3	5.1	5.5	312,210	150,825	161,390	3.8	3.7	3.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	6.8	6.6	6.9	396,090	192,745	203,340	4.8	4.7	4.9
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	3.1	3.0	3.2	193,345	93,485	99,855	2.3	2.3	2.4
2016 to 2021	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	3.7	3.6	3.7	202,740	99,260	103,480	2.4	2.4	2.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	924,850	499,490	425,365	2.5	2.8	2.3	205,770	113,500	92,275	2.5	2.8	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	65	40	25	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	15	0	0	23.1	0.0	0.0	748,265	377,795	370,470	8.9	9.5	8.4	112,295	56,755	55,540	9.3	9.6	8.9
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	17.2	18.4	16.1	201,385	101,555	99,835	16.6	17.2	16.1
15 to 24 years	10	10	0	15.4	25.0	0.0	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	19.1	18.1	19.9	213,035	96,175	116,860	17.6	16.3	18.8
25 to 44 years	25	10	10	38.5	25.0	40.0	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	45.2	44.8	45.6	594,845	292,975	301,875	49.1	49.7	48.6
45 years and over	10	10	0	15.4	25.0	0.0	797,180	364,260	432,920	9.5	9.2	9.9	89,045	41,505	47,540	7.4	7.0	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	65	40	25	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	15	0	23.1	37.5	0.0	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	14.4	13.7	15.0	264,885	121,740	143,145	21.9	20.7	23.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,450	22,405	26,050	0.6	0.6	0.6	9,705	4,520	5,180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80,570	36,675	43,900	1.0	0.9	1.0	29,670	13,540	16,125	2.5	2.3	2.6
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,450	24,430	25,015	0.6	0.6	0.6	11,515	5,780	5,730	1.0	1.0	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85,530	37,870	47,660	1.0	1.0	1.1	2,350	1,090	1,260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	99,945	44,585	55,360	1.2	1.1	1.3	86,105	38,285	47,820	7.1	6.5	7.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145,360	63,430	81,925	1.7	1.6	1.9	4,485	1,900	2,590	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90,585	42,215	48,370	1.1	1.1	1.1	17,390	7,935	9,455	1.4	1.3	1.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,420	13,925	17,490	0.4	0.4	0.4	13,885	6,295	7,595	1.1	1.1	1.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,035	29,110	35,930	0.8	0.7	0.8	3,820	1,660	2,160	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	256,090	115,380	140,705	3.1	2.9	3.2	24,945	12,195	12,745	2.1	2.1	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250,760	116,305	134,460	3.0	2.9	3.1	61,020	28,545	32,480	5.0	4.8	5.2
Europe	50	25	20	76.9	62.5	80.0	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	23.5	24.0	23.1	309,015	154,110	154,910	25.5	26.2	24.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,925	17,705	18,220	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,015	1,995	2,025	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,675	18,115	18,560	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,015	1,050	960	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	121,525	63,845	57,685	1.5	1.6	1.3	93,160	49,870	43,290	7.7	8.5	7.0
Germany	10	0	10	15.4	0.0	40.0	126,470	60,560	65,915	1.5	1.5	1.5	8,385	4,095	4,295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,715	27,050	27,665	0.7	0.7	0.6	16,130	7,790	8,340	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,050	14,595	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,930	1,455	1,475	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	204,065	101,445	102,625	2.4	2.6	2.3	43,975	21,940	22,040	3.6	3.7	3.5
Netherlands	10	0	0	15.4	0.0	0.0	75,830	39,020	36,810	0.9	1.0	0.8	1,655	870	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135,030	60,660	74,370	1.6	1.5	1.7	9,670	4,120	5,555	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	128,795	62,880	65,910	1.5	1.6	1.5	17,000	8,190	8,805	1.4	1.4	1.4
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	86,770	40,820	45,955	1.0	1.0	1.0	27,515	12,990	14,530	2.3	2.2	2.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,840	35,185	46,650	1.0	0.9	1.1	11,690	4,865	6,825	1.0	0.8	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,925	15,480	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,610	760	850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,135	36,840	44,295	1.0	0.9	1.0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	15.4	0.0	0.0	464,135	229,710	234,430	5.6	5.8	5.3	12,290	6,575	5,715	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	271,725	131,935	139,790	3.2	3.3	3.2	47,310	23,240	24,075	3.9	3.9	3.9
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	821,735	412,365	409,375	9.8	10.4	9.3	302,010	153,655	148,355	24.9	26.1	23.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,660	41,065	38,600	1.0	1.0	0.9	72,835	37,535	35,295	6.0	6.4	5.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0.4	0.4	0.4	15,595	7,460	8,140	1.3	1.3	1.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,710	38,730	34,980	0.9	1.0	0.8	20,325	10,520	9,805	1.7	1.8	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0.4	0.4	0.3	600	305	300	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,715	19,955	21,760	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,045	485	565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,775	41,085	40,685	1.0	1.0	0.9	68,865	34,810	34,060	5.7	5.9	5.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,290	41,665	39,620	1.0	1.0	0.9	2,210	1,185	1,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0.4	0.4	0.4	675	330	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,590	25,740	25,855	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,025	575	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	314,995	157,170	157,825	3.8	4.0	3.6	118,820	60,455	58,360	9.8	10.3	9.4
Asia	10	10	0	15.4	25.0	0.0	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	51.5	51.1	51.9	332,925	158,445	174,475	27.5	26.9	28.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0.7	0.8	0.7	9,545	4,825	4,725	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	182,940	92,300	90,645	2.2	2.3	2.1	20,235	10,020	10,215	1.7	1.7	1.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	84,130	42,660	41,465	1.0	1.1	0.9	4,085	2,110	1,980	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95,725	50,675	45,055	1.1	1.3	1.0	42,280	22,610	19,670	3.5	3.8	3.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,590	49,855	47,735	1.2	1.3	1.1	26,845	13,675	13,170	2.2	2.3	2.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,270	18,835	16,435	0.4	0.5	0.4	7,450	3,850	3,605	0.6	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715,835	317,970	397,860	8.6	8.0	9.1	52,500	23,010	29,490	4.3	3.9	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	213,855	100,480	113,375	2.6	2.5	2.6	4,900	2,385	2,520	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	138,355	63,025	75,325	1.7	1.6	1.7	5,180	2,275	2,905	0.4	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,365	28,725	36,635	0.8	0.7	0.8	2,500	1,015	1,485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	719,580	305,115	414,460	8.6	7.7	9.5	31,350	11,835	19,515	2.6	2.0	3.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	182,095	82,670	99,425	2.2	2.1	2.3	25,485	11,580	13,900	2.1	2.0	2.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,090	35,675	34,415	0.8	0.9	0.8	8,965	4,510	4,455	0.7	0.8	0.7
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	898,050	451,120	446,930	10.7	11.3	10.2	24,990	12,770	12,225	2.1	2.2	2.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	234,105	118,390	115,715	2.8	3.0	2.6	11,250	5,970	5,285	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	136,240	66,215	70,030	1.6	1.7	1.6	10,910	5,350	5,560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375,340	175,930	199,410	4.5	4.4	4.5	44,455	20,665	23,790	3.7	3.5	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,965	31,055	30,910	0.7	0.8	0.7	1,765	1,010	750	0.1	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10	0	0	100.0	0.0	0.0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	100.0	100.0	100.0	202,740	99,265	103,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	154,490	74,275	80,215	11.6	11.5	11.7	30,910	14,985	15,920	15.2	15.1	15.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,895	9,340	10,560	1.5	1.4	1.5	2,575	1,170	1,410	1.3	1.2	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0.9	0.8	0.9	4,295	1,985	2,315	2.1	2.0	2.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0.8	0.8	0.8	8,600	4,210	4,395	4.2	4.2	4.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,155	7,740	7,420	1.1	1.2	1.1	215	130	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,150	8,405	8,745	1.3	1.3	1.3	2,520	1,240	1,280	1.2	1.2	1.2
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,875	19,790	20,085	3.0	3.1	2.9	4,140	2,170	1,975	2.0	2.2	1.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0.5	0.5	0.6	1,690	670	1,020	0.8	0.7	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,350	15,785	17,570	2.5	2.4	2.6	6,860	3,420	3,440	3.4	3.4	3.3
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,425	69,310	65,120	10.1	10.7	9.5	33,705	17,520	16,185	16.6	17.6	15.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,175	14,560	12,610	2.0	2.3	1.8	20,980	11,325	9,655	10.3	11.4	9.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0.4	0.4	0.4	530	295	240	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0.5	0.6	0.3	100	85	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0.3	0.4	0.3	700	420	285	0.3	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0.8	0.7	1.0	1,365	515	850	0.7	0.5	0.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,515	6,570	7,945	1.1	1.0	1.2	1,660	720	940	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,755	13,550	9,200	1.7	2.1	1.3	975	615	360	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,120	21,160	21,960	3.2	3.3	3.2	7,395	3,550	3,845	3.6	3.6	3.7
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	206,965	102,875	104,090	15.6	16.0	15.2	70,310	34,215	36,095	34.7	34.5	34.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,745	7,530	8,220	1.2	1.2	1.2	13,975	6,730	7,245	6.9	6.8	7.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,290	1,170	1,120	1.1	1.2	1.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0.9	0.9	0.9	8,830	4,180	4,650	4.4	4.2	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0.7	0.7	0.7	4,055	1,875	2,180	2.0	1.9	2.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,305	3,055	3,255	3.1	3.1	3.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0.9	1.0	0.9	2,385	1,255	1,135	1.2	1.3	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,330	8,755	7,575	1.2	1.4	1.1	300	160	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0.7	0.7	0.7	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,835	6,025	6,810	1.0	0.9	1.0	9,515	4,435	5,080	4.7	4.5	4.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,360	20,575	19,780	3.0	3.2	2.9	995	525	470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0.5	0.5	0.4	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0.6	0.7	0.6	190	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0.4	0.4	0.3	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,640	3,375	3,260	3.3	3.4	3.2
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,960	19,250	19,715	2.9	3.0	2.9	14,505	7,175	7,330	7.2	7.2	7.1
Asia	10	0	0	100.0	0.0	0.0	823,205	393,110	430,090	62.0	61.0	62.9	67,305	32,185	35,120	33.2	32.4	33.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,730	6,290	6,440	1.0	1.0	0.9	2,515	1,250	1,265	1.2	1.3	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,185	6,670	6,515	1.0	1.0	1.0	1,190	565	625	0.6	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	118,035	50,365	67,665	8.9	7.8	9.9	10,735	4,680	6,055	5.3	4.7	5.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0.5	0.4	0.5	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	246,995	128,205	118,790	18.6	19.9	17.4	8,460	4,430	4,030	4.2	4.5	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,650	12,310	13,340	1.9	1.9	2.0	4,135	1,895	2,235	2.0	1.9	2.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,715	8,835	8,875	1.3	1.4	1.3	715	385	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0.4	0.4	0.3	395	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0.3	0.2	0.5	325	75	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,635	2,375	2,260	0.3	0.4	0.3	565	285	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,985	8,790	12,200	1.6	1.4	1.8	1,355	585	775	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0.8	0.8	0.7	3,620	1,925	1,700	1.8	1.9	1.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0.4	0.4	0.4	245	140	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,255	18,070	18,190	2.7	2.8	2.7	2,160	1,135	1,025	1.1	1.1	1.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	151,490	66,720	84,765	11.4	10.3	12.4	8,480	3,560	4,920	4.2	3.6	4.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0.7	0.8	0.6	1,390	790	600	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0.6	0.6	0.7	710	320	385	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	63,130	32,725	30,410	4.8	5.1	4.5	13,390	6,960	6,425	6.6	7.0	6.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0.8	0.9	0.7	800	450	355	0.4	0.5	0.3
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0.6	0.7	0.6	975	510	470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,725	5,605	9,125	1.1	0.9	1.3	1,620	605	1,010	0.8	0.6	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,410	13,035	17,375	2.3	2.0	2.5	3,390	1,355	2,035	1.7	1.4	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,160	5,335	3,825	0.7	0.8	0.6	510	355	160	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,535	3,845	2,685	0.5	0.6	0.4	295	195	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0.2	0.2	0.2	220	160	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	85	50	35	8.6	9.9	7.2	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	26.4	25.8	27.0	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	17.7	17.6	17.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	65	40	30	6.6	7.9	6.2	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	17.6	17.9	17.3	883,485	446,000	437,490	10.6	10.8	10.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	840	415	425	85.3	82.2	87.6	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	56.0	56.3	55.6	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	71.7	71.5	71.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	40	30	15	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25	20	10	62.5	66.7	66.7	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	53.9	56.6	51.3	559,935	290,040	269,895	54.7	58.4	51.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	15	0	50.0	50.0	0.0	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	22.8	28.8	17.4	267,870	161,125	106,740	26.2	32.4	20.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	31.0	27.8	34.0	292,070	128,915	163,155	28.5	25.9	31.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	10	0	25.0	33.3	0.0	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	29.6	25.3	33.4	272,255	109,735	162,515	26.6	22.1	30.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	15.2	16.8	13.9	175,740	89,995	85,740	17.2	18.1	16.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	91,900	42,145	49,755	1.3	1.3	1.4	15,470	7,290	8,185	1.5	1.5	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	40	30	15	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	416,105	222,895	193,205	6.1	6.9	5.4	89,850	47,360	42,495	8.8	9.5	8.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705,405	324,370	381,035	10.3	10.0	10.7	94,185	46,445	47,740	9.2	9.3	9.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	183,250	92,135	91,110	2.7	2.8	2.5	25,505	13,385	12,115	2.5	2.7	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	377,130	188,535	188,590	5.5	5.8	5.3	48,805	27,680	21,130	4.8	5.6	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,540	15,685	23,855	0.6	0.5	0.7	8,935	3,495	5,440	0.9	0.7	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	40	30	10	100.0	100.0	66.7	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	74.8	74.0	75.5	756,120	358,700	397,420	73.9	72.2	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25	20	0	2.5	4.0	0.0	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	26.5	26.3	26.8	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	16.1	16.0	16.2
South Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	7.1	7.4	6.8	127,990	67,140	60,850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Chinese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	4.7	4.5	4.9	115,240	51,375	63,865	1.4	1.2	1.5
Black	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	4.3	4.2	4.3	422,405	206,335	216,070	5.1	5.0	5.2
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	957,355	427,755	529,600	2.6	2.4	2.9	44,885	19,300	25,580	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	694,015	362,845	331,170	1.9	2.0	1.8	280,075	146,990	133,085	3.4	3.6	3.2
Latin American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580,235	281,030	299,200	1.6	1.6	1.6	172,925	85,035	87,880	2.1	2.1	2.1
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390,340	184,120	206,220	1.1	1.0	1.1	70,455	33,510	36,945	0.8	0.8	0.9
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360,495	181,795	178,695	1.0	1.0	1.0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	218,140	101,855	116,285	0.6	0.6	0.6	10,360	4,825	5,535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	98,890	42,315	56,575	0.3	0.2	0.3	5,305	2,190	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	172,885	83,310	89,580	0.5	0.5	0.5	12,150	6,020	6,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	331,805	160,790	171,010	0.9	0.9	0.9	34,960	17,080	17,875	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	960	480	480	97.5	95.0	99.0	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	73.5	73.7	73.2	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	83.9	84.0	83.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	985	500	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	220	115	105	22.3	23.0	21.9	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	15.6	15.8	15.4	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	29.0	28.7	29.3
English	395	200	195	40.1	40.0	40.6	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	14.7	14.5	14.8	177,710	88,910	88,800	2.1	2.2	2.1
Irish	185	85	105	18.8	17.0	21.9	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	12.1	11.7	12.6	404,190	193,440	210,745	4.9	4.7	5.0
Scottish	230	130	100	23.4	26.0	20.8	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	12.1	11.9	12.3	192,685	93,120	99,565	2.3	2.3	2.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	140	65	80	14.2	13.0	16.7	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	11.0	11.0	11.0	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	21.4	21.8	21.1
German	60	20	40	6.1	4.0	8.3	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	8.1	8.1	8.2	124,305	60,295	64,010	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	4.7	4.5	4.9	123,985	55,730	68,255	1.5	1.4	1.6
Italian	20	10	10	2.0	2.0	2.1	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	4.3	4.3	4.2	316,315	157,600	158,720	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indian (India)	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	3.7	3.9	3.6	65,790	34,390	31,405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	3.5	3.4	3.5	38,685	18,590	20,095	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	55	35	15	5.6	7.0	3.1	988,585	489,045	499,545	2.7	2.7	2.7	22,385	11,085	11,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	982,820	472,290	510,525	2.7	2.6	2.8	63,505	31,010	32,495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	981,635	490,130	491,510	2.7	2.7	2.7	931,940	465,630	466,305	11.2	11.3	11.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	0	15	2.0	0.0	3.1	938,950	462,420	476,530	2.6	2.6	2.6	38,655	19,380	19,275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925,490	414,915	510,570	2.5	2.3	2.8	43,580	18,815	24,760	0.5	0.5	0.6
French Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	906,315	441,610	464,705	2.5	2.5	2.5	588,805	290,630	298,180	7.1	7.0	7.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	105	45	60	10.7	9.0	12.5	691,260	347,080	344,175	1.9	1.9	1.9	149,955	75,935	74,020	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	10	0	1.5	2.0	0.0	632,340	304,220	328,120	1.7	1.7	1.8	138,030	64,935	73,095	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560,335	271,985	288,350	1.5	1.5	1.6	44,275	21,865	22,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	551,910	278,060	273,850	1.5	1.6	1.5	99,420	50,795	48,625	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	548,140	260,075	288,065	1.5	1.4	1.6	47,195	21,990	25,200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Norwegian	40	30	20	4.1	6.0	4.2	466,500	224,290	242,210	1.3	1.3	1.3	8,215	4,055	4,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	15	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0	455,720	216,490	239,230	1.3	1.2	1.3	11,260	5,450	5,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	448,305	222,770	225,535	1.2	1.2	1.2	64,385	32,135	32,255	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	353,495	172,240	181,255	1.0	1.0	1.0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	15	15	0	1.5	3.0	0.0	342,040	160,475	181,570	0.9	0.9	1.0	77,735	37,960	39,775	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.1	334,505	156,840	177,665	0.9	0.9	1.0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320,150	155,755	164,395	0.9	0.9	0.9	23,360	11,410	11,950	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	45	15	25	4.6	3.0	5.2	305,170	145,500	159,675	0.8	0.8	0.9	83,945	39,450	44,495	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	303,260	154,435	148,825	0.8	0.9	0.8	16,645	8,825	7,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	301,955	148,335	153,625	0.8	0.8	0.8	73,930	36,725	37,205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	282,015	141,530	140,490	0.8	0.8	0.8	57,320	29,015	28,305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	279,950	145,620	134,330	0.8	0.8	0.7	8,765	5,040	3,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275,530	131,075	144,445	0.8	0.7	0.8	45,570	21,910	23,665	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	263,710	138,210	125,500	0.7	0.8	0.7	104,735	55,130	49,610	1.3	1.3	1.2
Greek	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.1	262,140	132,975	129,160	0.7	0.7	0.7	69,705	35,085	34,620	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	249,070	119,265	129,805	0.7	0.7	0.7	11,395	5,490	5,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	226,220	107,785	118,435	0.6	0.6	0.6	15,820	7,190	8,630	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	20	2.0	0.0	4.2	219,855	105,825	114,030	0.6	0.6	0.6	21,540	10,530	11,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	217,650	101,805	115,845	0.6	0.6	0.6	10,655	4,940	5,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215,885	103,720	112,165	0.6	0.6	0.6	46,765	22,775	23,995	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210,605	107,990	102,615	0.6	0.6	0.6	78,210	40,740	37,470	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200,465	100,790	99,675	0.6	0.6	0.5	25,825	12,855	12,975	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200,340	99,800	100,540	0.6	0.6	0.5	81,820	41,395	40,425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	196,945	96,220	100,725	0.5	0.5	0.5	5,260	2,670	2,590	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	194,840	94,035	100,810	0.5	0.5	0.5	35,315	17,125	18,190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	194,640	101,255	93,385	0.5	0.6	0.5	5,175	2,765	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	189,535	92,740	96,800	0.5	0.5	0.5	11,030	5,425	5,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	182,175	90,150	92,030	0.5	0.5	0.5	48,380	24,065	24,315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	178,990	84,510	94,490	0.5	0.5	0.5	156,065	73,495	82,570	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	166,160	87,665	78,495	0.5	0.5	0.4	8,930	4,805	4,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155,495	77,435	78,055	0.4	0.4	0.4	34,305	16,985	17,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	30	20	10	3.0	4.0	2.1	155,095	77,735	77,360	0.4	0.4	0.4	695	325	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145,570	72,015	73,555	0.4	0.4	0.4	22,980	11,870	11,110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	144,055	69,270	74,785	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,120	1,375	1,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,400	6,165	6,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130,820	64,915	65,905	0.4	0.4	0.4	6,790	3,425	3,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	129,425	56,850	72,580	0.4	0.3	0.4	7,460	3,215	4,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120,125	60,575	59,550	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,020	1,565	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	111,605	53,700	57,905	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,235	9,695	10,545	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	10	15	3.0	2.0	3.1	110,735	54,730	56,005	0.3	0.3	0.3	4,075	2,125	1,955	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105,620	54,095	51,525	0.3	0.3	0.3	16,665	8,705	7,965	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0.3	0.3	0.3	30,240	15,745	14,500	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	104,765	51,375	53,395	0.3	0.3	0.3	27,170	13,580	13,585	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,615	3,645	3,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	101,990	50,370	51,620	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,135	660	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100,555	47,995	52,560	0.3	0.3	0.3	39,485	18,805	20,680	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0.3	0.3	0.3	81,230	41,590	39,635	1.0	1.0	0.9
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	98,925	47,495	51,430	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,705	2,720	2,985	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.1	98,250	49,385	48,865	0.3	0.3	0.3	31,590	15,820	15,770	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,210	46,270	50,940	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,410	1,585	1,825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0.3	0.3	0.3	13,095	6,825	6,275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	94,585	44,335	50,250	0.3	0.2	0.3	14,505	7,040	7,465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,360	46,945	46,410	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,355	2,655	2,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,220	44,610	47,600	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,120	540	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	91,670	45,665	46,005	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,830	935	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,920	840	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80,555	39,675	40,880	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,890	2,755	3,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,185	4,345	3,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	77,405	37,655	39,750	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,670	2,880	2,790	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	76,745	39,955	36,795	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,620	7,850	7,770	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	76,675	37,315	39,365	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,970	8,515	9,455	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,075	5,635	5,445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0.2	0.2	0.2	65,860	33,955	31,905	0.8	0.8	0.8
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,755	34,670	37,085	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,775	7,620	8,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,540	34,680	34,860	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,200	1,570	1,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0.2	0.2	0.2	30,720	15,190	15,530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	68,210	33,475	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,070	1,995	2,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,780	31,525	35,255	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,205	3,415	3,790	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,090	975	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,020	29,280	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,605	1,655	1,950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,385	2,290	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,265	8,595	8,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0.2	0.1	0.2	9,305	4,260	5,040	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,425	1,520	1,905	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,955	3,180	2,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0.2	0.1	0.2	9,190	4,020	5,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0.2	0.2	0.2	29,880	14,520	15,365	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,140	1,390	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,040	24,510	27,530	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,455	2,460	2,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,840	24,885	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,045	545	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	46,765	24,165	22,595	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,820	885	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,500	3,445	3,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,685	22,520	23,165	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,420	7,150	7,265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0.1	0.1	0.1	24,070	11,855	12,220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,430	640	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,440	740	705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,405	20,105	22,300	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,335	3,155	3,185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,055	8,900	10,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,820	1,545	1,270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,600	8,335	9,265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0.1	0.1	0.1	36,540	19,550	16,990	0.4	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,650	2,390	2,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,095	585	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0.1	0.1	0.1	680	325	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,595	18,785	19,815	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,395	1,115	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,520	18,935	19,585	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,000	3,690	3,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,900	2,340	2,560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,340	710	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0.1	0.1	0.1	800	400	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,715	1,835	1,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,750	3,465	3,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,330	16,485	16,845	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,635	3,230	3,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,135	15,355	17,775	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,620	790	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,500	4,690	4,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,575	16,525	16,055	0.1	0.1	0.1	410	175	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,385	1,795	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,840	2,455	2,390	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,430	15,700	15,730	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,255	1,640	1,610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,565	14,635	15,930	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,310	1,205	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,015	14,280	11,735	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,220	15,225	14,995	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,885	1,425	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,280	5,255	5,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,415	1,265	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,690	4,045	4,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0.1	0.1	0.1	23,940	11,480	12,455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,140	13,515	14,620	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,640	760	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,560	2,275	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,610	9,100	9,510	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,375	5,800	4,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,330	11,910	14,415	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,970	835	1,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,485	3,675	3,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,445	705	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,200	12,495	12,710	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,200	595	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,420	12,265	12,155	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,695	890	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	110	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,550	1,205	1,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,245	2,080	2,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,890	2,965	2,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,455	11,080	12,375	0.1	0.1	0.1	885	450	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,805	1,615	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0.1	0.1	0.1	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0.1	0.1	0.1	605	290	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,565	3,400	3,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,750	2,465	2,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,275	8,525	13,750	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,230	1,185	2,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,875	5,075	5,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0.1	0.1	0.1	980	505	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,520	10,085	9,440	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0.1	0.1	0.1	835	395	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0.1	0.1	0.1	880	535	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,825	1,360	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0.1	0.1	0.1	430	210	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0.1	0.0	0.1	16,400	7,610	8,790	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0.1	0.0	0.1	9,595	4,655	4,945	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0.0	0.0	0.1	8,890	4,275	4,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,755	9,275	8,470	0.0	0.1	0.0	625	360	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	245	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0.0	0.0	0.1	140	50	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	405	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,780	7,505	8,280	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	635	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	225	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	750	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	230	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	245	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	815	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	590	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	235	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	255	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,825	5,080	5,745	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	320	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	220	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	830	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	180	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	500	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	410	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	215	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	140	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	225	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	265	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	550	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	910	1,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	250	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	435	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	485	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,995	1,055	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	925	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,975	1,045	930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	130	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	240	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	205	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	270	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	1,005	815	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	195	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	300	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	145	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	356,975	157,435	199,540	1.0	0.9	1.1	48,365	21,395	26,980	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	525	285	240	53.3	56.4	49.5	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	53.3	50.9	55.7	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	64.8	62.9	66.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	45	35	15	4.6	6.9	3.1	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	7.6	7.4	7.8	464,020	229,155	234,860	5.6	5.6	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	144,145	70,095	74,050	0.4	0.4	0.4	800	365	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	75	45	35	7.6	8.9	7.2	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	3.1	2.9	3.4	55,290	26,065	29,230	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baptist	75	35	45	7.6	6.9	9.3	436,940	200,325	236,615	1.2	1.1	1.3	33,755	15,875	17,885	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	130	60	75	13.2	11.9	15.5	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	29.9	29.0	30.9	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	53.8	52.3	55.4
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	623,010	301,055	321,955	1.7	1.7	1.8	145,805	70,840	74,965	1.8	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	137,255	59,505	77,750	0.4	0.3	0.4	27,970	12,060	15,910	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	87,725	41,365	46,360	0.2	0.2	0.3	4,600	2,190	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	328,045	150,115	177,925	0.9	0.8	1.0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100,655	46,640	54,020	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,255	1,070	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	20	10	0	2.0	2.0	0.0	399,025	180,870	218,155	1.1	1.0	1.2	39,700	17,955	21,735	0.5	0.4	0.5
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	301,400	136,440	164,960	0.8	0.8	0.9	8,010	3,830	4,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,870	39,250	40,620	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,220	620	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	150	90	65	15.2	17.8	13.4	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	3.3	3.0	3.7	19,595	8,645	10,945	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	745,650	345,540	400,110	2.1	1.9	2.2	104,790	48,840	55,950	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	828,195	430,135	398,060	2.3	2.4	2.2	47,390	25,045	22,345	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335,295	164,220	171,070	0.9	0.9	0.9	84,530	41,470	43,065	1.0	1.0	1.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	4.9	5.0	4.7	421,710	218,255	203,455	5.1	5.3	4.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	771,790	394,345	377,445	2.1	2.2	2.1	23,345	12,385	10,960	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80,685	38,460	42,230	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,790	1,900	1,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	229,015	97,645	131,370	0.6	0.5	0.7	26,385	12,370	14,010	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	455	215	240	46.2	42.6	49.5	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	34.6	36.9	32.4	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	27.3	29.0	25.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	975	500	470	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	890	450	440	91.3	90.0	93.6	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	87.8	87.8	87.8	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	88.5	88.6	88.4
Movers	85	55	35	8.7	11.0	7.4	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	12.2	12.2	12.2	945,290	466,750	478,540	11.5	11.4	11.6
Non-migrants	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	7.1	7.2	7.1	543,670	268,740	274,925	6.6	6.6	6.6
Migrants	80	45	35	8.2	9.0	7.4	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	5.0	5.0	5.0	401,625	198,010	203,615	4.9	4.8	4.9
Internal migrants	80	45	35	8.2	9.0	7.4	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	4.2	4.2	4.2	349,095	170,740	178,355	4.2	4.2	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	55	35	25	5.6	7.0	5.3	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	3.5	3.5	3.5	321,005	156,550	164,455	3.9	3.8	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	10	2.1	2.0	2.1	268,965	135,215	133,750	0.7	0.8	0.7	28,085	14,185	13,895	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	293,955	147,585	146,370	0.8	0.8	0.8	52,530	27,270	25,265	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	960	500	460	100.0	100.0	100.0	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	695	375	320	72.4	75.0	69.6	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	61.0	61.0	61.1	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	61.0	61.1	60.9
Movers	265	125	140	27.6	25.0	30.4	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	39.0	39.0	38.9	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	39.0	38.9	39.1
Non-migrants	20	15	0	2.1	3.0	0.0	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	16.7	16.7	16.8	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	16.6	16.5	16.8
Migrants	250	110	135	26.0	22.0	29.3	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	22.2	22.3	22.2	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	22.4	22.4	22.4
Internal migrants	240	105	135	25.0	21.0	29.3	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	17.3	17.2	17.4	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	18.3	18.1	18.5
Intraprovincial migrants	160	65	95	16.7	13.0	20.7	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	14.7	14.5	14.8	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	17.2	17.0	17.4
Interprovincial migrants	80	40	40	8.3	8.0	8.7	921,345	459,695	461,650	2.7	2.7	2.6	83,805	41,925	41,880	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	4.9	5.1	4.8	320,090	166,115	153,975	4.1	4.2	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	200	130	75	23.8	30.6	18.1	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	18.0	19.6	16.6	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	20.6	22.6	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	640	300	340	76.2	70.6	81.9	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	82.0	80.4	83.4	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	79.4	77.4	81.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	240	210	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	30	15	11.0	12.5	7.1	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	11.6	13.6	9.7	642,800	382,415	260,380	14.5	17.3	11.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	405	210	195	89.0	87.5	92.9	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	88.4	86.4	90.3	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	85.5	82.7	88.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	835	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	165	95	70	19.8	22.4	16.9	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	16.2	17.1	15.3	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	18.2	19.2	17.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	230	125	105	27.5	29.4	25.3	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	26.7	27.1	26.3	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	21.4	21.1	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	440	205	240	52.7	48.2	57.8	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	57.2	55.9	58.4	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	60.4	59.7	61.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	315	160	155	37.7	37.6	37.3	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	30.5	31.1	29.9	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	36.9	38.0	35.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	115	85	30	13.8	20.0	7.2	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	8.7	12.2	5.4	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	15.8	19.5	12.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	65	45	20	7.8	10.6	4.8	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	4.8	5.6	4.1	793,030	427,220	365,815	11.5	12.5	10.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	45	0	6.0	10.6	0.0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	3.9	6.6	1.3	303,330	239,705	63,620	4.4	7.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	190	70	125	22.8	16.5	30.1	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	18.8	16.4	21.2	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	17.4	15.5	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0	896,755	372,560	524,195	3.0	2.5	3.4	252,815	102,150	150,665	3.7	3.0	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	45	80	15.0	10.6	19.3	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	26.7	24.8	28.5	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	23.5	21.7	25.3
Bachelor's degree	95	30	60	11.4	7.1	14.5	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	17.5	15.7	19.1	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	14.6	13.0	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	556,510	243,200	313,310	1.8	1.6	2.0	149,425	66,595	82,825	2.2	2.0	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	1.2	2.4	0.0	214,105	108,000	106,105	0.7	0.7	0.7	43,755	20,810	22,940	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	25	0	25	3.0	0.0	6.0	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	5.7	5.5	5.9	360,795	174,150	186,645	5.2	5.1	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	279,660	165,795	113,870	0.9	1.1	0.7	63,270	36,320	26,955	0.9	1.1	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	240	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15	7.7	8.3	7.0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	9.9	11.4	8.4	525,155	303,815	221,345	11.8	13.8	9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	90	30	26.4	37.5	14.0	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	23.0	24.4	21.6	752,855	388,160	364,700	17.0	17.6	16.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	130	165	65.9	54.2	76.7	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	67.1	64.2	70.0	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	71.2	68.7	73.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	100	110	46.2	41.7	51.2	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	34.3	34.7	33.8	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	41.7	42.7	40.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	60	20	16.5	25.0	9.3	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	9.6	13.3	6.1	836,455	498,385	338,075	18.9	22.6	15.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	30	15	9.9	12.5	7.0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	5.4	6.1	4.7	609,895	319,470	290,425	13.8	14.5	13.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	5.5	10.4	0.0	836,220	693,830	142,395	4.3	7.2	1.4	226,565	178,915	47,650	5.1	8.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	125	40	90	27.5	16.7	41.9	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	21.4	18.7	24.1	838,140	372,455	465,685	18.9	16.9	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	623,090	261,035	362,050	3.2	2.7	3.6	174,695	72,115	102,580	3.9	3.3	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	85	30	55	18.7	12.5	25.6	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	32.9	29.5	36.1	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	29.5	26.0	33.0
Bachelor's degree	70	20	50	15.4	8.3	23.3	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	21.3	18.8	23.8	802,755	343,100	459,650	18.1	15.5	20.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430,875	179,230	251,645	2.2	1.9	2.5	119,460	50,155	69,310	2.7	2.3	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	2.2	4.2	0.0	167,730	75,120	92,615	0.9	0.8	0.9	33,445	13,520	19,920	0.8	0.6	0.9
Master's degree	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.7	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	7.4	6.9	7.9	302,065	140,530	161,530	6.8	6.4	7.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	209,445	115,530	93,915	1.1	1.2	0.9	49,500	26,520	22,985	1.1	1.2	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	835	425	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	395	220	175	47.3	51.8	42.7	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	42.8	44.1	41.6	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	39.6	40.3	38.9
Education	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5	292,470	65,830	226,640	4.2	1.9	6.5
13. Education	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5	292,470	65,830	226,640	4.2	1.9	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	631,255	274,065	357,190	2.1	1.8	2.3	166,900	75,420	91,480	2.4	2.2	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	74,785	53,390	21,395	0.2	0.4	0.1	23,530	16,540	6,990	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	556,470	220,680	335,790	1.8	1.5	2.2	143,365	58,875	84,490	2.1	1.7	2.4
Humanities	40	20	15	4.8	4.7	3.7	926,560	354,120	572,440	3.1	2.4	3.7	228,770	90,810	137,960	3.3	2.7	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	106,345	23,460	82,885	0.4	0.2	0.5	35,440	8,360	27,080	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.4	184,600	53,020	131,580	0.6	0.4	0.9	14,855	4,790	10,065	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	316,050	119,215	196,830	1.0	0.8	1.3	107,105	44,755	62,345	1.5	1.3	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,935	6,835	12,095	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,195	825	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,745	33,040	24,700	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,135	6,895	4,240	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	77,510	46,140	31,365	0.3	0.3	0.2	9,385	5,650	3,735	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	15	10	0	1.8	2.4	0.0	108,935	58,310	50,620	0.4	0.4	0.3	17,420	9,975	7,445	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,440	14,090	42,345	0.2	0.1	0.3	31,240	9,565	21,680	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	25	3.6	0.0	6.1	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	6.6	4.5	8.7	430,845	142,280	288,570	6.2	4.2	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,430	7,065	22,365	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,980	1,515	3,460	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	233,400	88,205	145,200	0.8	0.6	0.9	57,080	19,060	38,020	0.8	0.6	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4	344,150	27,905	316,240	1.1	0.2	2.0	79,155	6,625	72,535	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325,785	115,335	210,445	1.1	0.8	1.4	77,880	29,725	48,160	1.1	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,855	16,000	33,850	0.2	0.1	0.2	12,015	3,185	8,825	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	327,965	79,295	248,665	1.1	0.5	1.6	65,230	15,095	50,135	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4	705,540	336,960	368,580	2.3	2.3	2.4	134,510	67,065	67,440	1.9	2.0	1.9
Business, management and public administration	55	0	55	6.6	0.0	13.4	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	12.4	10.0	14.7	950,820	357,290	593,535	13.7	10.5	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	305	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	272,240	55,995	216,245	0.9	0.4	1.4	55,355	12,215	43,145	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	0	45	6.6	0.0	11.0	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	11.5	9.6	13.2	894,690	344,770	549,925	12.9	10.1	15.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.7	719,715	353,540	366,175	2.4	2.4	2.4	158,655	83,605	75,050	2.3	2.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4	297,055	121,615	175,435	1.0	0.8	1.1	57,680	23,925	33,755	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155,955	72,245	83,705	0.5	0.5	0.5	25,605	14,230	11,375	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0.1	0.1	0.1	24,115	11,710	12,400	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	196,620	130,745	65,875	0.6	0.9	0.4	42,530	29,180	13,350	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,710	13,985	20,730	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,730	4,560	4,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	804,230	531,435	272,795	2.7	3.6	1.8	177,780	124,955	52,825	2.6	3.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	643,145	454,370	188,775	2.1	3.1	1.2	147,845	110,915	36,930	2.1	3.2	1.1
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,085	7,100	35,985	0.1	0.0	0.2	11,610	2,255	9,355	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	99,360	57,560	41,800	0.3	0.4	0.3	15,160	9,515	5,645	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0.1	0.1	0.0	3,170	2,270	900	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	95	10	12.0	22.4	2.4	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	11.6	21.1	2.4	866,885	778,835	88,060	12.5	22.8	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135,020	81,930	53,090	0.4	0.6	0.3	33,975	19,075	14,895	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900,475	723,080	177,395	3.0	4.9	1.1	181,290	147,120	34,170	2.6	4.3	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	1.8	3.5	0.0	726,155	638,355	87,800	2.4	4.3	0.6	161,440	141,185	20,255	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	190	390	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	65	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	3.0	5.9	0.0	703,905	683,060	20,845	2.3	4.6	0.1	189,550	182,910	6,635	2.7	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35	30	0	4.2	7.1	0.0	659,480	640,895	18,590	2.2	4.3	0.1	179,610	173,605	6,010	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	20	20	0	2.4	4.7	0.0	380,505	363,710	16,795	1.3	2.4	0.1	120,835	114,865	5,975	1.7	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40	25	15	4.8	5.9	3.7	407,545	234,360	173,175	1.3	1.6	1.1	99,230	60,010	39,225	1.4	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25	15	15	3.0	3.5	3.7	262,580	140,520	122,070	0.9	0.9	0.8	64,510	34,415	30,100	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	1.8	2.4	0.0	144,960	93,845	51,115	0.5	0.6	0.3	34,715	25,595	9,125	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	45	10	35	5.4	2.4	8.5	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	8.1	3.3	12.7	515,215	101,455	413,760	7.4	3.0	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180,785	89,005	91,780	0.6	0.6	0.6	29,140	14,930	14,215	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	10	35	4.8	2.4	8.5	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	7.2	2.4	11.9	470,150	78,875	391,275	6.8	2.3	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	270	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,030	34,630	29,400	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,080	7,385	7,700	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	55	25	30	6.6	5.9	7.3	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	3.3	3.5	3.1	291,295	157,925	133,365	4.2	4.6	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	25	3.0	0.0	6.1	548,520	151,115	397,410	1.8	1.0	2.6	154,335	42,710	111,625	2.2	1.3	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,965	3,520	445	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	320	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,900	6,210	690	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	1,300	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	1.2	2.4	0.0	227,835	160,930	66,905	0.8	1.1	0.4	57,625	43,715	13,905	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	1.8	3.5	0.0	219,205	199,190	20,010	0.7	1.3	0.1	77,545	69,880	7,660	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	370	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	455	240	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	110	45	35.2	45.8	20.9	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	28.8	31.3	26.3
Education	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9	195,595	39,630	155,965	4.4	1.8	7.0
13. Education	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9	195,595	39,630	155,965	4.4	1.8	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490,455	210,500	279,955	2.5	2.2	2.8	129,065	58,170	70,895	2.9	2.6	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,645	38,170	16,475	0.3	0.4	0.2	18,205	12,610	5,590	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435,815	172,330	263,480	2.2	1.8	2.6	110,860	45,555	65,305	2.5	2.1	2.9
Humanities	30	15	15	6.6	6.3	7.0	649,695	241,235	408,465	3.3	2.5	4.1	144,140	56,410	87,730	3.3	2.6	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,235	16,400	62,835	0.4	0.2	0.6	26,015	5,955	20,065	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.7	134,815	37,610	97,210	0.7	0.4	1.0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	216,725	80,505	136,220	1.1	0.8	1.4	61,125	26,395	34,730	1.4	1.2	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,910	4,540	8,370	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,415	485	930	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,640	23,645	17,990	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,300	4,485	2,815	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,920	29,245	19,675	0.2	0.3	0.2	4,765	3,040	1,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,415	40,800	37,615	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,190	6,880	5,305	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,045	8,490	28,555	0.2	0.1	0.3	20,500	5,850	14,650	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	20	4.4	0.0	9.3	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	8.1	5.2	10.9	334,475	103,635	230,840	7.5	4.7	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,895	5,520	18,370	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,905	1,180	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	196,475	72,125	124,350	1.0	0.7	1.3	47,510	15,360	32,155	1.1	0.7	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270,970	20,095	250,875	1.4	0.2	2.5	64,690	4,665	60,025	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	261,265	82,850	178,420	1.3	0.9	1.8	59,965	20,645	39,325	1.4	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,830	12,160	25,670	0.2	0.1	0.3	8,380	2,320	6,060	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	249,205	55,840	193,365	1.3	0.6	1.9	48,920	10,080	38,835	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	549,090	254,250	294,840	2.8	2.6	3.0	101,105	49,385	51,720	2.3	2.2	2.3
Business, management and public administration	45	0	45	9.9	0.0	20.9	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	15.0	11.9	18.1	741,390	268,705	472,685	16.7	12.2	21.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	245	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	213,140	40,230	172,910	1.1	0.4	1.7	43,070	8,735	34,335	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	0	40	8.8	0.0	18.6	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	13.9	11.4	16.3	697,775	259,725	438,045	15.7	11.8	19.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.7	513,555	241,780	271,785	2.6	2.5	2.7	102,055	53,195	48,865	2.3	2.4	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	227,460	90,390	137,075	1.2	0.9	1.4	46,430	18,895	27,530	1.0	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	108,350	48,075	60,280	0.6	0.5	0.6	13,010	7,225	5,780	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,205	3,155	2,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140,510	88,540	51,970	0.7	0.9	0.5	31,410	20,760	10,650	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,960	9,090	13,870	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,010	3,155	2,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	15	3.3	0.0	7.0	667,305	445,970	221,330	3.4	4.6	2.2	147,350	104,880	42,465	3.3	4.7	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	15	3.3	0.0	7.0	554,185	392,835	161,350	2.8	4.1	1.6	126,845	95,720	31,120	2.9	4.3	1.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,610	4,720	22,885	0.1	0.0	0.2	7,990	1,480	6,510	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,940	39,000	31,940	0.4	0.4	0.3	10,365	6,250	4,115	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,145	1,435	710	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	60	10	14.3	25.0	4.7	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	13.3	23.8	3.2	665,365	588,950	76,415	15.0	26.7	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105,845	61,230	44,605	0.5	0.6	0.4	27,250	14,670	12,580	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	724,235	568,385	155,850	3.7	5.9	1.6	152,450	121,715	30,735	3.4	5.5	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	536,600	464,510	72,090	2.7	4.8	0.7	121,270	104,235	17,035	2.7	4.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	160	350	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	65	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	3.3	6.3	0.0	510,105	493,000	17,100	2.6	5.1	0.2	142,000	136,435	5,570	3.2	6.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	25	0	6.6	10.4	0.0	467,225	452,385	14,840	2.4	4.7	0.1	133,660	128,555	5,100	3.0	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	15	15	0	3.3	6.3	0.0	266,690	253,110	13,585	1.4	2.6	0.1	88,560	83,270	5,290	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	25	10	7.7	10.4	4.7	314,120	170,440	143,680	1.6	1.8	1.4	79,190	45,870	33,320	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	15	10	4.4	6.3	4.7	199,335	99,700	99,635	1.0	1.0	1.0	51,620	26,290	25,335	1.2	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	3.3	4.2	0.0	114,780	70,745	44,040	0.6	0.7	0.4	27,565	19,580	7,985	0.6	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	25	10	15	5.5	4.2	7.0	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	9.4	3.9	14.8	387,725	74,730	312,995	8.7	3.4	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	139,280	67,885	71,385	0.7	0.7	0.7	22,615	11,045	11,565	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	10	15	3.3	4.2	7.0	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	8.4	2.9	13.8	352,905	58,735	294,170	8.0	2.7	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,430	945	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	180	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,115	23,255	24,860	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,475	4,765	6,710	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	25	25	9.9	10.4	11.6	772,450	399,835	372,615	3.9	4.2	3.7	229,120	122,320	106,800	5.2	5.5	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	20	4.4	0.0	9.3	414,520	112,935	301,590	2.1	1.2	3.0	120,395	31,320	89,075	2.7	1.4	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,955	2,575	375	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	250	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,850	3,415	435	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	770	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	183,025	128,295	54,725	0.9	1.3	0.6	45,820	34,595	11,230	1.0	1.6	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	4.4	8.3	0.0	168,105	152,620	15,485	0.9	1.6	0.2	61,730	55,385	6,340	1.4	2.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	290	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	455	240	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160	110	45	35.2	45.8	20.9	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	28.8	31.3	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	295	135	170	64.8	56.3	79.1	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	67.1	64.2	70.0	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	71.2	68.7	73.7
Location of study inside Canada	285	125	160	62.6	52.1	74.4	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	53.6	51.2	55.9	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	61.8	59.2	64.4
Same as province or territory of residence	145	70	80	31.9	29.2	37.2	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	47.3	44.9	49.5	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	59.2	56.6	61.8
Different than province or territory of residence	145	55	80	31.9	22.9	37.2	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	6.3	6.3	6.4	116,855	57,870	58,990	2.6	2.6	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10	10	0	2.2	4.2	0.0	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	13.5	13.0	14.0	414,490	209,160	205,330	9.3	9.5	9.2
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	483,810	238,040	245,775	2.5	2.5	2.5	81,780	40,955	40,820	1.8	1.9	1.8
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	279,005	143,575	135,435	1.4	1.5	1.4	22,720	12,785	9,930	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,400	16,175	20,230	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,685	4,330	5,350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0.1	0.1	0.0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0.1	0.1	0.1	215	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,640	4,105	4,540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0.2	0.1	0.2	11,880	5,550	6,340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,615	1,525	2,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,000	21,575	23,425	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,395	4,580	4,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	543,725	281,205	262,520	2.8	2.9	2.6	138,260	74,045	64,210	3.1	3.4	2.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,770	53,930	43,840	0.5	0.6	0.4	77,225	43,085	34,135	1.7	2.0	1.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,450	12,070	10,380	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,410	1,335	1,070	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0.1	0.1	0.0	935	530	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	190	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,700	620	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0.2	0.2	0.2	10,370	5,330	5,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,095	16,250	19,845	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,330	2,420	2,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,405	16,635	19,775	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,615	2,105	2,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,040	9,175	6,865	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	290	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	151,900	81,980	69,920	0.8	0.9	0.7	8,955	4,885	4,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	360	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,330	1,345	985	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	155	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60,615	30,055	30,560	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,325	5,080	5,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	216,815	111,010	105,805	1.1	1.2	1.1	95,260	49,800	45,460	2.1	2.3	2.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,280	16,395	16,880	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,835	955	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0.2	0.2	0.2	30,560	15,715	14,850	0.7	0.7	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,240	9,910	9,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,865	6,135	4,730	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,245	3,170	3,075	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,060	9,900	9,160	0.1	0.1	0.1	585	290	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,700	33,325	31,385	0.3	0.3	0.3	25,925	13,620	12,310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	6.9	6.2	7.6	96,865	43,055	53,805	2.2	1.9	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0.3	0.3	0.4	9,440	4,365	5,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0.1	0.1	0.1	795	380	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,315	650	665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,840	4,795	5,050	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,960	2,795	3,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,210	685	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	201,100	87,370	113,720	1.0	0.9	1.1	20,740	9,165	11,570	0.5	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0.1	0.0	0.1	665	235	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	170	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,605	5,280	13,325	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,395	435	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,575	20,575	33,000	0.3	0.2	0.3	2,275	820	1,450	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305,795	115,370	190,420	1.6	1.2	1.9	14,170	4,975	9,195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,500	4,490	8,005	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,730	590	1,135	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,530	1,315	1,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0.1	0.1	0.1	970	410	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405,850	199,380	206,475	2.1	2.1	2.1	13,730	6,885	6,845	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75,155	35,055	40,100	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,210	1,080	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,385	28,650	35,735	0.3	0.3	0.4	7,490	3,285	4,205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,960	24,495	23,460	0.2	0.3	0.2	2,325	1,300	1,025	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,525	19,270	19,250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,795	1,010	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	215	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	930	730	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	835	425	415	...	...	...	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	...	...	...	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	...	...	...
In the labour force	505	280	230	...	...	...	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	...	...	...	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	...	...	...
Employed	460	250	210	...	...	...	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	...	...	...	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	...	...	...
Unemployed	45	30	15	...	...	...	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	...	...	...	335,015	176,245	158,775	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	330	145	185	...	...	...	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	...	...	...	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.5	65.9	55.4	60.5	65.9	55.4	63.7	67.7	59.8	63.7	67.7	59.8	64.1	67.4	60.9	64.1	67.4	60.9
Employment rate	55.1	58.8	50.6	55.1	58.8	50.6	57.1	60.9	53.4	57.1	60.9	53.4	59.3	62.3	56.3	59.3	62.3	56.3
Unemployment rate	8.9	10.7	6.5	8.9	10.7	6.5	10.3	9.9	10.7	10.3	9.9	10.7	7.6	7.7	7.4	7.6	7.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	835	425	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	340	160	180	40.7	37.6	43.9	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	36.7	32.9	40.4	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	35.3	31.8	38.7
Worked	500	270	235	59.9	63.5	57.3	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	63.3	67.1	59.6	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	64.7	68.2	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	300	180	120	35.9	42.4	29.3	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	33.7	38.3	29.3	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	34.1	37.5	30.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	205	95	115	24.6	22.4	28.0	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	29.6	28.8	30.3	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	30.6	30.7	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.6	40.8	41.7	42.6	40.8	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.3	41.7	40.8	41.3	41.7	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	505	285	225	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	2.0	3.5	0.0	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7	90,550	43,585	46,970	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	495	275	225	98.0	96.5	100.0	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	98.0	98.1	97.8
Employee	395	205	195	78.2	71.9	86.7	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	83.4	80.9	86.1	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	86.0	84.0	88.1
Permanent position	320	155	165	63.4	54.4	73.3	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	69.6	68.3	70.9	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	71.9	71.1	72.8
Temporary position	80	45	30	15.8	15.8	13.3	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	13.8	12.7	15.1	623,510	296,655	326,850	14.1	12.9	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	867,740	386,965	480,775	4.5	3.8	5.2	217,905	94,210	123,700	4.9	4.1	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	75	45	30	14.9	15.8	13.3	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	9.3	8.8	9.9	405,605	202,450	203,155	9.1	8.8	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	105	65	35	20.8	22.8	15.6	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	14.1	16.7	11.2	530,720	324,555	206,165	12.0	14.1	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	505	285	225	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	2.0	3.5	0.0	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7	90,550	43,585	46,970	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	495	275	225	98.0	96.5	100.0	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	98.0	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	254,760	177,450	77,315	1.3	1.8	0.8	79,745	57,370	22,370	1.8	2.5	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70	30	45	13.9	10.5	20.0	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	17.1	10.6	24.2	778,905	256,150	522,760	17.6	11.1	24.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	10	10	4.0	3.5	4.4	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	8.2	11.9	4.2	360,495	272,510	87,985	8.1	11.8	4.1
3 Health occupations	35	10	25	6.9	3.5	11.1	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	7.8	3.0	13.0	359,665	70,075	289,590	8.1	3.0	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	20	35	11.9	7.0	15.6	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	12.0	7.5	17.0	558,725	166,020	392,700	12.6	7.2	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	15	15	5.0	5.3	6.7	596,785	275,420	321,360	3.1	2.7	3.5	146,560	72,400	74,165	3.3	3.1	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	120	55	65	23.8	19.3	28.9	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	23.9	20.6	27.5	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	24.0	21.7	26.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	80	80	0	15.8	28.1	0.0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	16.8	29.3	3.1	702,290	645,355	56,935	15.8	28.0	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	60	45	15	11.9	15.8	6.7	541,235	416,960	124,270	2.8	4.1	1.3	86,625	68,885	17,735	2.0	3.0	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	10	10	5.0	3.5	4.4	857,540	612,415	245,120	4.4	6.1	2.6	207,740	150,405	57,335	4.7	6.5	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	505	285	225	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	2.0	3.5	0.0	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7	90,550	43,585	46,970	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	495	275	225	98.0	96.5	100.0	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	98.0	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	45	20	12.9	15.8	8.9	434,800	295,160	139,640	2.3	2.9	1.5	79,050	55,055	23,990	1.8	2.4	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	239,030	195,605	43,425	1.2	1.9	0.5	24,890	21,200	3,695	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	147,750	109,475	38,270	0.8	1.1	0.4	31,005	22,680	8,330	0.7	1.0	0.4
23 Construction	25	25	0	5.0	8.8	0.0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	7.6	12.6	2.2	296,035	254,795	41,240	6.7	11.1	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	4.0	7.0	0.0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	8.0	10.9	4.8	449,115	320,715	128,405	10.1	13.9	6.0
41 Wholesale trade	25	15	15	5.0	5.3	6.7	610,295	406,960	203,335	3.2	4.0	2.2	147,340	96,670	50,670	3.3	4.2	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	50	35	15	9.9	12.3	6.7	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	11.1	10.2	12.1	514,090	248,905	265,185	11.6	10.8	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	3.0	5.3	0.0	981,030	742,515	238,515	5.1	7.4	2.6	209,445	161,115	48,330	4.7	7.0	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400,460	237,940	162,520	2.1	2.4	1.8	94,130	57,495	36,630	2.1	2.5	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	2.0	0.0	4.4	815,225	358,145	457,080	4.2	3.6	4.9	169,985	74,020	95,960	3.8	3.2	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	343,940	186,230	157,710	1.8	1.9	1.7	63,030	35,450	27,575	1.4	1.5	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	0	15	4.0	0.0	6.7	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	8.1	8.7	7.5	345,345	193,365	151,985	7.8	8.4	7.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,455	21,495	23,955	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,605	2,675	2,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	0	4.0	3.5	0.0	792,600	457,880	334,725	4.1	4.6	3.6	171,345	104,695	66,645	3.9	4.5	3.1
61 Educational services	35	10	20	6.9	3.5	8.9	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	7.3	4.3	10.6	340,885	104,300	236,590	7.7	4.5	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	60	20	40	11.9	7.0	17.8	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	12.7	4.7	21.4	617,200	122,675	494,525	13.9	5.3	23.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	0	4.0	3.5	0.0	350,710	180,205	170,500	1.8	1.8	1.8	72,700	38,810	33,890	1.6	1.7	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	40	15	20	7.9	5.3	8.9	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	5.6	4.8	6.6	232,480	109,950	122,530	5.2	4.8	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	15	10	5.0	5.3	4.4	797,935	373,775	424,165	4.1	3.7	4.6	190,470	89,730	100,735	4.3	3.9	4.7
91 Public administration	60	25	35	11.9	8.8	15.6	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	6.2	6.0	6.4	290,765	144,705	146,055	6.6	6.3	6.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	545	295	250	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	500	275	225	91.7	93.2	90.0	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	72.4	73.0	71.8	350,525	195,385	155,145	7.4	7.9	6.8
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	15.3	14.9	15.8	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	63.9	62.4	65.5
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	169,205	89,515	79,685	0.8	0.8	0.8	18,820	10,150	8,670	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	162,265	85,925	76,345	0.8	0.8	0.8	14,650	7,955	6,690	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	35	10	25	6.4	3.4	10.0	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	8.2	8.0	8.3	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	26.2	27.2	25.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	570,220	291,000	279,220	2.8	2.7	2.8	25,875	13,895	11,980	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,370	9,725	10,645	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,340	34,190	35,145	0.3	0.3	0.4	52,970	26,700	26,265	1.1	1.1	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0.1	0.1	0.1	725	435	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	545	295	250	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	540	295	245	99.1	100.0	98.0	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	97.8	97.8	97.8	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	94.3	94.2	94.4
Official languages	535	290	245	98.2	98.3	98.0	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	96.3	96.3	96.3	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	93.6	93.4	93.7
English	535	290	245	98.2	98.3	98.0	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	77.0	77.4	76.5	668,485	365,785	302,695	14.1	14.8	13.3
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	19.3	18.9	19.7	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	79.5	78.6	80.4
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310,455	161,825	148,635	1.5	1.5	1.5	36,245	19,120	17,125	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,220	5,140	5,080	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,520	3,320	3,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	585	430	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	585	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	375	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	875	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	720	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	435	400	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	430	395	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,585	830	755	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	490	385	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	340	355	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	295	320	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	410	480	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	410	475	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	255	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	291,025	152,095	138,925	1.4	1.4	1.4	26,030	13,980	12,050	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	185	235	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	155	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,290	945	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	325	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	240	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	70	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	240	340	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,640	720	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	215	285	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,325	585	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	185	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	150	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	145	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	140	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	112,395	64,055	48,335	0.5	0.6	0.5	13,485	7,750	5,735	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	170	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	295	235	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	200	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,025	395	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	15	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,025	395	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	60	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	45	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	280	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	485	355	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	245	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	620	650	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,420	725	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,345	680	665	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	175	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	520	530	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	485	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	515	440	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	420	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	1,275	670	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55,455	32,965	22,490	0.3	0.3	0.2	2,550	1,410	1,135	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,020	28,910	19,100	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,950	1,065	885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	290	355	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	515	600	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,480	855	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	80	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	345	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	145	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	320	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	445	360	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	115	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	200	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	400	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0.1	0.2	0.1	7,725	4,830	2,890	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	730	900	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	220	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	185	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	375	310	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,530	4,250	2,275	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	40	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	165	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	210	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	795	1,210	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	125	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	620	970	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	110	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	100	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	128,375	64,180	64,190	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,580	3,370	3,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	128,045	63,990	64,055	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,580	3,370	3,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,285	2,190	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	210	270	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,950	25,725	25,225	0.2	0.2	0.3	2,195	1,130	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	240	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	175	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	85	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	310	450	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	695	650	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	660	615	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	215	270	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	453,880	231,205	222,675	2.2	2.2	2.2	269,365	142,370	126,995	5.7	5.8	5.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	321,975	163,305	158,675	1.6	1.5	1.6	249,945	132,640	117,300	5.3	5.4	5.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115,955	60,210	55,745	0.6	0.6	0.6	7,150	3,800	3,355	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	545	295	250	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	505	275	225	92.7	93.2	90.0	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	90.6	90.8	90.5	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	77.0	76.2	77.9
English	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	902,625	474,755	427,875	4.4	4.4	4.3	720,960	391,075	329,885	15.2	15.9	14.5
French	35	10	20	6.4	3.4	8.0	589,755	288,955	300,800	2.9	2.7	3.0	302,145	161,340	140,805	6.4	6.5	6.2
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	331,375	168,035	163,335	1.6	1.6	1.6	32,245	16,505	15,745	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,190	7,740	10,450	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,025	1,350	1,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	313,185	160,295	152,885	1.5	1.5	1.5	29,220	15,155	14,065	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0.2	0.1	0.2	19,400	9,340	10,060	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,070	6,110	4,970	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	210	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,740	25,425	25,315	0.2	0.2	0.3	2,965	1,605	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	465	250	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	140	60	80	30.1	24.0	37.2	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	24.3	22.1	26.8	897,770	435,285	462,480	21.9	20.5	23.4
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	58,335	40,295	18,035	0.3	0.4	0.2	8,355	5,980	2,380	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	55	35	25	11.8	14.0	11.6	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	12.7	18.3	6.6	442,035	333,730	108,305	10.8	15.7	5.5
Usual place of work	265	155	110	57.0	62.0	51.2	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	62.6	59.1	66.4	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	67.1	63.6	71.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	265	155	110	100.0	100.0	100.0	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	55	30	30	20.8	19.4	27.3	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	59.0	55.5	62.4	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	53.6	50.7	56.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	145	70	65	54.7	45.2	59.1	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	21.6	22.1	21.1	419,210	203,335	215,875	15.2	15.0	15.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	18.5	21.3	15.8	823,150	442,385	380,765	29.9	32.7	27.2
Commute to a different province or territory	60	50	10	22.6	32.3	9.1	98,060	60,210	37,850	0.9	1.1	0.7	34,875	20,300	14,575	1.3	1.5	1.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	320	190	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	300	175	125	93.8	92.1	96.2	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	83.9	86.4	81.1	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	82.4	84.9	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	285	170	115	89.1	89.5	88.5	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	77.5	81.5	72.8	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	77.7	81.1	73.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	3.1	0.0	7.7	844,155	343,100	501,050	6.5	4.9	8.3	150,535	63,495	87,040	4.7	3.8	5.8
Public transit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	7.7	6.0	9.6	287,345	120,460	166,885	9.0	7.1	11.1
Walked	15	10	0	4.7	5.3	0.0	672,815	296,610	376,205	5.2	4.2	6.2	178,645	78,570	100,075	5.6	4.7	6.6
Bicycle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	138,615	92,195	46,415	1.1	1.3	0.8	40,420	26,585	13,835	1.3	1.6	0.9
Other method	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285,820	144,225	141,595	2.2	2.1	2.3	54,645	28,740	25,895	1.7	1.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	320	190	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	95	55	40	29.7	28.9	30.8	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	32.0	28.4	36.2	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	31.5	28.6	34.7
15 to 29 minutes	120	60	60	37.5	31.6	46.2	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	34.8	34.5	35.3	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	34.8	34.4	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	65	50	20	20.3	26.3	15.4	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	19.1	20.8	17.0	635,870	363,430	272,445	19.9	21.6	18.1
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	0	4.7	5.3	0.0	910,610	542,485	368,125	7.0	7.7	6.1	235,140	133,720	101,425	7.4	7.9	6.7
60 minutes and over	25	15	10	7.8	7.9	7.7	926,120	599,115	327,005	7.1	8.5	5.4	206,480	126,635	79,840	6.5	7.5	5.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	320	190	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	15	10	7.8	7.9	7.7	938,820	701,960	236,865	7.2	10.0	3.9	241,420	189,270	52,155	7.6	11.2	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	15	30	15.6	7.9	23.1	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	17.4	20.9	13.4	569,745	368,480	201,265	17.8	21.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	100	70	30	31.3	36.8	23.1	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	26.3	25.3	27.5	935,640	441,465	494,170	29.3	26.2	32.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70	50	20	21.9	26.3	15.4	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	20.8	16.9	25.2	626,895	259,220	367,675	19.6	15.4	24.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	0	10	6.3	0.0	7.7	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	12.7	10.6	15.3	330,930	142,495	188,435	10.4	8.5	12.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	65	40	25	20.3	21.1	19.2	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	15.5	16.3	14.7	489,685	284,160	205,530	15.3	16.9	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	180	95	85	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	5	11.1	15.8	5.9	897,205	456,120	441,085	12.2	12.1	12.4	303,835	156,030	147,805	18.1	18.1	18.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160	85	75	88.9	89.5	88.2	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	87.8	87.9	87.6	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	81.9	81.9	81.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	145	80	65	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	10.3	12.5	7.7	682,190	346,420	335,770	12.7	12.5	12.9	230,080	118,075	112,005	18.8	18.9	18.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	5	6.9	0.0	7.7	467,685	234,475	233,215	8.7	8.5	8.9	175,305	90,000	85,305	14.3	14.4	14.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	10	0	6.9	12.5	0.0	214,500	111,950	102,550	4.0	4.1	3.9	54,775	28,070	26,700	4.5	4.5	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	75	60	89.7	93.8	92.3	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	87.3	87.5	87.1	992,895	508,315	484,580	81.2	81.1	81.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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