Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Population and dwelling counts
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Statistic:
Characteristic Westmorland, Parish (P)More information:
New Brunswick
[Census subdivision]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 997 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ... 775,610 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 908 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ... 747,101 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 9.8 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 570 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ... 366,146 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 419 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ... 337,651 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 5.8 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 173.27 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ... 71,248.50 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 995 515 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 775,610 381,455 394,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 150 80 70 15.1 15.5 14.6 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6 111,130 56,885 54,240 14.3 14.9 13.8
0 to 4 years 35 15 20 3.5 2.9 4.2 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8 32,280 16,625 15,655 4.2 4.4 4.0
5 to 9 years 40 25 20 4.0 4.9 4.2 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3 38,240 19,505 18,740 4.9 5.1 4.8
10 to 14 years 75 45 35 7.5 8.7 7.3 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5 40,605 20,755 19,845 5.2 5.4 5.0
15 to 64 years 585 305 280 58.8 59.2 58.3 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2 487,320 242,215 245,105 62.8 63.5 62.2
15 to 19 years 40 25 15 4.0 4.9 3.1 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2 39,090 20,105 18,985 5.0 5.3 4.8
20 to 24 years 45 25 25 4.5 4.9 5.2 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7 42,125 21,995 20,130 5.4 5.8 5.1
25 to 29 years 30 10 20 3.0 1.9 4.2 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4 42,380 21,670 20,715 5.5 5.7 5.3
30 to 34 years 40 25 15 4.0 4.9 3.1 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7 43,485 21,670 21,820 5.6 5.7 5.5
35 to 39 years 55 30 30 5.5 5.8 6.3 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8 45,925 22,470 23,455 5.9 5.9 6.0
40 to 44 years 65 25 35 6.5 4.9 7.3 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5 47,320 23,095 24,225 6.1 6.1 6.1
45 to 49 years 60 35 20 6.0 6.8 4.2 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3 50,140 24,470 25,670 6.5 6.4 6.5
50 to 54 years 60 35 30 6.0 6.8 6.3 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4 52,140 25,695 26,450 6.7 6.7 6.7
55 to 59 years 90 50 45 9.0 9.7 9.4 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2 62,315 30,525 31,795 8.0 8.0 8.1
60 to 64 years 95 55 40 9.5 10.7 8.3 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0 62,395 30,525 31,870 8.0 8.0 8.1
65 years and over 260 130 130 26.1 25.2 27.1 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2 177,160 82,355 94,810 22.8 21.6 24.1
65 to 69 years 100 40 60 10.1 7.8 12.5 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1 57,190 27,580 29,605 7.4 7.2 7.5
70 to 74 years 70 35 40 7.0 6.8 8.3 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2 48,855 23,725 25,135 6.3 6.2 6.4
75 to 79 years 45 30 15 4.5 5.8 3.1 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6 31,675 15,090 16,580 4.1 4.0 4.2
80 to 84 years 25 15 10 2.5 2.9 2.1 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5 20,400 9,085 11,310 2.6 2.4 2.9
85 years and over 20 10 10 2.0 1.9 2.1 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9 19,040 6,870 12,170 2.5 1.8 3.1
85 to 89 years 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7 11,815 4,700 7,120 1.5 1.2 1.8
90 to 94 years 5 5 5 0.5 1.0 1.0 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9 5,370 1,720 3,645 0.7 0.5 0.9
95 to 99 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3 1,600 405 1,200 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 40 205 0.0 0.0 0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.1 15.5 14.6 15.1 15.5 14.6 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6 14.3 14.9 13.8 14.3 14.9 13.8
15 to 64 years 58.8 59.2 58.3 58.8 59.2 58.3 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2 62.8 63.5 62.2 62.8 63.5 62.2
65 years and over 26.1 25.2 27.1 26.1 25.2 27.1 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2 22.8 21.6 24.1 22.8 21.6 24.1
85 years and over 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.5 1.8 3.1 2.5 1.8 3.1
Average age of the population 46.7 47.0 46.5 46.7 47.0 46.5 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8 44.7 43.8 45.6 44.7 43.8 45.6
Median age of the population 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8 46.8 45.6 47.6 46.8 45.6 47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,655 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 390 ... ... 92.9 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ... 228,950 ... ... 67.8 ... ...
Semi-detached house 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 13,490 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Row house 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 9,740 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 13,890 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ... 51,985 ... ... 15.4 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 4,260 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Other single-attached house 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 1,140 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 14,195 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 100 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 100,545 ... ... 29.8 ... ...
2 persons 180 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ... 133,125 ... ... 39.4 ... ...
3 persons 65 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 49,350 ... ... 14.6 ... ...
4 persons 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 37,185 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
5 or more persons 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 17,445 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 985 510 475 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,710 385,485 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 850 440 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 664,480 324,565 339,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 555 275 280 65.3 62.5 68.3 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6 385,800 192,730 193,070 58.1 59.4 56.8
Married 455 225 225 53.5 51.1 54.9 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3 298,905 149,385 149,515 45.0 46.0 44.0
Living common-law 100 50 55 11.8 11.4 13.4 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3 86,900 43,345 43,560 13.1 13.4 12.8
Living common law - Never married 55 30 30 6.5 6.8 7.3 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4 62,670 31,200 31,470 9.4 9.6 9.3
Living common law - Separated 15 10 5 1.8 2.3 1.2 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4 5,495 2,850 2,645 0.8 0.9 0.8
Living common law - Divorced 30 15 15 3.5 3.4 3.7 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2 16,185 8,245 7,945 2.4 2.5 2.3
Living common law - Widowed 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,545 1,050 1,495 0.4 0.3 0.4
Not married and not living common-law 295 160 130 34.7 36.4 31.7 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4 278,675 131,835 146,845 41.9 40.6 43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married 185 105 80 21.8 23.9 19.5 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2 174,335 95,460 78,880 26.2 29.4 23.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated 20 20 10 2.4 4.5 2.4 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7 21,995 9,840 12,155 3.3 3.0 3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 45 25 20 5.3 5.7 4.9 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3 38,865 16,630 22,235 5.8 5.1 6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 35 15 25 4.1 3.4 6.1 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2 43,480 9,905 33,575 6.5 3.1 9.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 315 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 226,865 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 195 ... ... 61.9 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ... 134,025 ... ... 59.1 ... ...
3 persons 50 ... ... 15.9 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 46,020 ... ... 20.3 ... ...
4 persons 45 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 34,240 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
5 or more persons 15 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 12,575 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 315 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 226,860 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 270 ... ... 85.7 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ... 189,695 ... ... 83.6 ... ...
Married couples 220 ... ... 69.8 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ... 146,250 ... ... 64.5 ... ...
With children6 75 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 61,280 ... ... 27.0 ... ...
Without children 145 ... ... 46.0 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 84,970 ... ... 37.5 ... ...
Common-law couples 55 ... ... 17.5 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 43,445 ... ... 19.2 ... ...
With children6 15 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 18,140 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Without children 30 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 25,300 ... ... 11.2 ... ...
Total one-parent families 45 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 37,170 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 25 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 28,480 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 20 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 8,690 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 985 510 475 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,710 385,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 835 420 415 84.8 82.4 87.4 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8 610,540 302,230 308,315 80.4 80.9 80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners 540 265 275 54.8 52.0 57.9 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6 379,385 189,395 189,985 50.0 50.7 49.3
Parents in one-parent families 40 15 25 4.1 2.9 5.3 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1 37,170 8,690 28,475 4.9 2.3 7.4
Children6 245 135 115 24.9 26.5 24.2 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1 193,990 104,140 89,850 25.6 27.9 23.3
In a two-parent family 175 85 85 17.8 16.7 17.9 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6 138,825 73,900 64,925 18.3 19.8 16.8
In a one-parent family 75 45 30 7.6 8.8 6.3 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5 55,160 30,245 24,920 7.3 8.1 6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 155 95 60 15.7 18.6 12.6 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2 148,655 71,475 77,170 19.6 19.1 20.0
Living alone 100 60 40 10.2 11.8 8.4 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8 100,545 46,565 53,980 13.2 12.5 14.0
Living with other relatives7 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9 16,425 7,025 9,395 2.2 1.9 2.4
Living with non-relatives only 40 25 15 4.1 4.9 3.2 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5 31,685 17,885 13,795 4.2 4.8 3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 275 ... ... 65.5 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ... 205,710 ... ... 60.9 ... ...
Couple-family households 245 ... ... 58.3 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ... 176,405 ... ... 52.2 ... ...
With children6 90 ... ... 21.4 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ... 73,840 ... ... 21.9 ... ...
Without children 155 ... ... 36.9 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 102,565 ... ... 30.4 ... ...
One-parent-family households 30 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 29,305 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 6,490 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 1,195 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 8,870 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 14,850 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
One-person households 100 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 100,545 ... ... 29.8 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 840 430 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,350 316,975 331,375 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 810 415 390 96.4 96.5 95.1 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5 628,005 307,210 320,790 96.9 96.9 96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 35,200 37,600 32,800 35,200 37,600 32,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 37,600 42,000 34,000 37,600 42,000 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 810 415 390 96.4 96.5 95.1 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5 628,280 307,375 320,905 96.9 97.0 96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,600 34,000 31,000 31,600 34,000 31,000 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600 34,000 37,200 31,000 34,000 37,200 31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 690 360 340 82.1 83.7 82.9 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2 541,600 272,640 268,965 83.5 86.0 81.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 26,000 28,800 23,000 26,000 28,800 23,000 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200 31,600 36,400 27,000 31,600 36,400 27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 540 290 250 64.3 67.4 61.0 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1 434,895 225,240 209,655 67.1 71.1 63.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,000 32,000 29,200 31,000 32,000 29,200 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000 33,200 37,200 29,800 33,200 37,200 29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 675 335 340 80.4 77.9 82.9 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2 508,885 234,115 274,770 78.5 73.9 82.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 13,500 14,400 12,700 13,500 14,400 12,700 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000 12,600 13,100 12,200 12,600 13,100 12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 145 80 65 17.3 18.6 15.9 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6 114,900 61,060 53,845 17.7 19.3 16.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,650 7,350 6,500 6,650 7,350 6,500 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720 6,500 7,450 6,000 6,500 7,450 6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 185 90 90 22.0 20.9 22.0 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4 153,130 73,935 79,195 23.6 23.3 23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,000 7,250 6,240 7,000 7,250 6,240 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,500 7,500 8,000 7,500 7,500 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,245 316,950 331,300 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 815 410 405 97.0 96.5 97.6 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5 627,765 307,105 320,660 96.8 96.9 96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,700 48,800 32,400 40,700 48,800 32,400 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560 45,920 52,000 40,080 45,920 52,000 40,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 815 410 405 97.0 96.5 97.6 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5 628,075 307,270 320,805 96.9 96.9 96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 35,700 42,200 28,900 35,700 42,200 28,900 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680 38,800 43,080 34,720 38,800 43,080 34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 705 365 340 83.9 85.9 81.9 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2 541,625 272,660 268,960 83.6 86.0 81.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 34,000 42,400 25,100 34,000 42,400 25,100 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000 41,360 47,720 34,880 41,360 47,720 34,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 560 295 255 66.7 69.4 61.4 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0 434,825 225,570 209,255 67.1 71.2 63.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 35,600 41,600 28,600 35,600 41,600 28,600 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000 41,600 46,680 36,120 41,600 46,680 36,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 675 335 340 80.4 78.8 81.9 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2 508,295 233,540 274,750 78.4 73.7 82.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 13,560 13,950 13,250 13,560 13,950 13,250 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060 12,670 12,700 12,640 12,670 12,700 12,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 140 75 70 16.7 17.6 16.9 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6 114,050 60,535 53,515 17.6 19.1 16.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,200 9,600 8,800 9,200 9,600 8,800 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370 8,390 9,120 7,570 8,390 9,120 7,570
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 180 80 100 21.4 18.8 24.1 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3 152,405 73,240 79,165 23.5 23.1 23.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,700 9,800 7,800 8,700 9,800 7,800 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,410 8,270 8,530 8,410 8,270 8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,250 316,950 331,300 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 280 160 120 33.3 37.6 28.9 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6 204,825 109,705 95,120 31.6 34.6 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 45,600 54,000 41,200 45,600 54,000 41,200 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000 54,800 59,600 49,600 54,800 59,600 49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 50,400 55,600 44,000 50,400 55,600 44,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 63,100 69,100 56,250 63,100 69,100 56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 190 90 105 22.6 21.2 25.3 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7 177,830 87,790 90,045 27.4 27.7 27.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,200 17,200 16,200 16,200 17,200 16,200 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600 17,000 19,400 14,900 17,000 19,400 14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,200 30,400 18,800 24,200 30,400 18,800 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860 24,320 28,080 20,640 24,320 28,080 20,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 72.4 77.0 65.5 72.4 77.0 65.5 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8 77.6 81.4 73.0 77.6 81.4 73.0
Employment income (%)19 59.6 62.0 56.0 59.6 62.0 56.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7 62.7 65.8 58.8 62.7 65.8 58.8
Government transfers (%)20 27.7 23.2 34.4 27.7 23.2 34.4 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1 22.3 18.6 27.0 22.3 18.6 27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%) 3.9 3.4 4.4 3.9 3.4 4.4 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.8 4.8 7.3 5.8 4.8 7.3 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.5 5.4 4.5 6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 4.0 5.8 4.7 4.0 5.8 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.5 3.8 5.3 4.5 3.8 5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 840 430 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,345 316,970 331,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 30 15 15 3.6 3.5 3.7 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5 20,345 9,760 10,585 3.1 3.1 3.2
With total income 810 420 395 96.4 97.7 97.5 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5 628,000 307,215 320,790 96.9 96.9 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 65 35 35 8.0 8.3 8.9 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2 48,225 20,170 28,055 7.7 6.6 8.7
$10,000 to $19,999 125 60 65 15.4 14.3 16.5 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4 79,855 31,090 48,765 12.7 10.1 15.2
$20,000 to $29,999 155 80 70 19.1 19.0 17.7 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5 111,820 48,675 63,140 17.8 15.8 19.7
$30,000 to $39,999 130 60 70 16.0 14.3 17.7 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9 95,545 44,490 51,060 15.2 14.5 15.9
$40,000 to $49,999 115 50 65 14.2 11.9 16.5 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8 84,895 40,935 43,955 13.5 13.3 13.7
$50,000 to $59,999 80 45 35 9.9 10.7 8.9 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2 59,310 31,400 27,910 9.4 10.2 8.7
$60,000 to $69,999 35 25 15 4.3 6.0 3.8 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6 42,020 24,575 17,445 6.7 8.0 5.4
$70,000 to $79,999 30 20 10 3.7 4.8 2.5 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7 30,185 17,925 12,260 4.8 5.8 3.8
$80,000 to $89,999 30 15 10 3.7 3.6 2.5 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6 23,035 12,535 10,500 3.7 4.1 3.3
$90,000 to $99,999 15 10 5 1.9 2.4 1.3 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8 15,420 8,855 6,565 2.5 2.9 2.0
$100,000 and over 25 20 5 3.1 4.8 1.3 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3 37,700 26,565 11,135 6.0 8.6 3.5
$100,000 to $149,999 20 10 10 2.5 2.4 2.5 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2 26,865 18,500 8,365 4.3 6.0 2.6
$150,000 and over 10 5 0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0 10,835 8,065 2,770 1.7 2.6 0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 840 430 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,345 316,970 331,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 30 15 15 3.6 3.5 3.7 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5 20,070 9,600 10,470 3.1 3.0 3.2
With after-tax income 810 420 395 96.4 97.7 97.5 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5 628,280 307,375 320,905 96.9 97.0 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 70 35 40 8.6 8.3 10.1 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8 50,965 20,910 30,055 8.1 6.8 9.4
$10,000 to $19,999 125 60 65 15.4 14.3 16.5 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0 83,495 32,805 50,695 13.3 10.7 15.8
$20,000 to $29,999 170 90 85 21.0 21.4 21.5 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9 132,935 59,075 73,860 21.2 19.2 23.0
$30,000 to $39,999 175 85 95 21.6 20.2 24.1 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1 116,515 56,020 60,490 18.5 18.2 18.8
$40,000 to $49,999 120 65 60 14.8 15.5 15.2 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1 89,015 45,975 43,045 14.2 15.0 13.4
$50,000 to $59,999 55 30 25 6.8 7.1 6.3 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1 58,020 32,860 25,155 9.2 10.7 7.8
$60,000 to $69,999 35 30 10 4.3 7.1 2.5 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1 37,400 21,060 16,340 6.0 6.9 5.1
$70,000 to $79,999 25 10 20 3.1 2.4 5.1 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1 23,365 13,235 10,130 3.7 4.3 3.2
$80,000 to $89,999 15 10 0 1.9 2.4 0.0 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9 12,930 8,415 4,520 2.1 2.7 1.4
$90,000 to $99,999 10 5 0 1.2 1.2 0.0 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6 7,320 5,140 2,180 1.2 1.7 0.7
$100,000 and over 10 5 0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3 16,315 11,875 4,440 2.6 3.9 1.4
$100,000 to $124,999 5 5 0 0.6 1.2 0.0 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8 8,690 6,220 2,465 1.4 2.0 0.8
$125,000 and over 5 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5 7,630 5,650 1,980 1.2 1.8 0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 840 430 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,345 316,970 331,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 295 145 155 35.1 33.7 38.3 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9 213,450 91,735 121,715 32.9 28.9 36.7
With employment income 540 285 255 64.3 66.3 63.0 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1 434,895 225,235 209,660 67.1 71.1 63.3
Under $5,000 (including loss) 90 50 45 16.7 17.5 17.6 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7 55,130 27,035 28,095 12.7 12.0 13.4
$5,000 to $9,999 40 20 20 7.4 7.0 7.8 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5 37,010 16,165 20,845 8.5 7.2 9.9
$10,000 to $19,999 80 45 40 14.8 15.8 15.7 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4 59,420 28,400 31,020 13.7 12.6 14.8
$20,000 to $29,999 55 30 30 10.2 10.5 11.8 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4 49,160 23,950 25,210 11.3 10.6 12.0
$30,000 to $39,999 65 30 40 12.0 10.5 15.7 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8 50,625 23,350 27,275 11.6 10.4 13.0
$40,000 to $49,999 55 25 35 10.2 8.8 13.7 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4 44,755 22,495 22,265 10.3 10.0 10.6
$50,000 to $59,999 50 35 15 9.3 12.3 5.9 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8 34,315 19,330 14,990 7.9 8.6 7.1
$60,000 to $69,999 15 10 5 2.8 3.5 2.0 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0 27,255 16,295 10,965 6.3 7.2 5.2
$70,000 to $79,999 30 20 10 5.6 7.0 3.9 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5 20,855 12,350 8,500 4.8 5.5 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 20 10 15 3.7 3.5 5.9 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8 17,455 9,015 8,440 4.0 4.0 4.0
$90,000 to $99,999 5 0 5 0.9 0.0 2.0 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1 11,455 6,715 4,735 2.6 3.0 2.3
$100,000 and over 20 20 5 3.7 7.0 2.0 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5 27,460 20,135 7,320 6.3 8.9 3.5
$100,000 to $124,999 15 10 0 2.8 3.5 0.0 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1 14,185 9,935 4,245 3.3 4.4 2.0
$125,000 and over 10 5 0 1.9 1.8 0.0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4 13,275 10,205 3,075 3.1 4.5 1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 840 430 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,350 316,975 331,375 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 790 405 385 94.0 94.2 93.9 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5 617,780 301,880 315,905 95.3 95.2 95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,600 36,400 31,200 33,600 36,400 31,200 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000 35,600 40,800 30,600 35,600 40,800 30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 790 405 385 94.0 94.2 93.9 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6 618,365 301,920 316,445 95.4 95.3 95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 32,000 28,000 30,400 32,000 28,000 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200 32,000 36,400 28,200 32,000 36,400 28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 685 350 335 81.5 81.4 81.7 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2 538,870 270,930 267,940 83.1 85.5 80.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 31,600 28,600 30,400 31,600 28,600 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 32,000 37,600 27,600 32,000 37,600 27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 540 285 260 64.3 66.3 63.4 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6 438,770 226,970 211,800 67.7 71.6 63.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,800 32,400 31,600 31,800 32,400 31,600 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800 33,600 38,400 29,800 33,600 38,400 29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 610 290 325 72.6 67.4 79.3 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6 458,620 205,210 253,410 70.7 64.7 76.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,900 12,900 9,400 10,900 12,900 9,400 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450 9,300 9,800 8,900 9,300 9,800 8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 120 60 55 14.3 14.0 13.4 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1 104,360 56,460 47,905 16.1 17.8 14.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,300 10,100 7,200 9,300 10,100 7,200 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960 7,250 8,400 6,120 7,250 8,400 6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,245 316,950 331,300 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 800 405 395 95.2 95.3 95.2 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5 617,495 301,875 315,615 95.3 95.2 95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,400 47,000 31,800 39,400 47,000 31,800 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800 44,040 50,800 37,560 44,040 50,800 37,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 800 405 395 95.2 95.3 95.2 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6 618,000 301,910 316,085 95.3 95.3 95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,300 40,000 28,600 34,300 40,000 28,600 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160 37,040 41,840 32,440 37,040 41,840 32,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 715 365 350 85.1 85.9 84.3 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2 539,115 270,805 268,305 83.2 85.4 81.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,600 42,000 26,800 34,600 42,000 26,800 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320 41,760 48,640 34,800 41,760 48,640 34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 575 310 265 68.5 72.9 63.9 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6 438,400 227,000 211,400 67.6 71.6 63.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 35,800 41,200 29,800 35,800 41,200 29,800 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800 42,120 47,680 36,160 42,120 47,680 36,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 640 295 345 76.2 69.4 83.1 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6 457,915 204,780 253,135 70.6 64.6 76.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,640 11,700 9,760 10,640 11,700 9,760 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800 10,200 10,520 9,950 10,200 10,520 9,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 115 40 75 13.7 9.4 18.1 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1 103,705 56,170 47,540 16.0 17.7 14.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,600 11,200 7,000 8,600 11,200 7,000 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210 8,670 9,360 7,850 8,670 9,360 7,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,250 316,950 331,300 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 280 160 120 33.3 37.6 28.9 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3 203,685 109,100 94,580 31.4 34.4 28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 40,800 51,600 37,200 40,800 51,600 37,200 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600 51,600 56,800 46,400 51,600 56,800 46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 48,800 54,000 42,000 48,800 54,000 42,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250 59,900 65,900 52,950 59,900 65,900 52,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 190 90 105 22.6 21.2 25.3 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0 167,945 83,100 84,845 25.9 26.2 25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 18,000 23,400 18,000 18,000 23,400 18,000 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800 21,400 24,400 18,800 21,400 24,400 18,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,200 30,800 22,000 26,200 30,800 22,000 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720 29,560 34,600 24,600 29,560 34,600 24,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 78.4 82.0 73.5 78.4 82.0 73.5 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 82.8 86.0 78.8 82.8 86.0 78.8
Employment income (%) 65.0 67.0 63.0 65.0 67.0 63.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2 68.0 70.6 64.6 68.0 70.6 64.6
Government transfers (%) 21.6 18.4 26.4 21.6 18.4 26.4 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9 17.2 14.0 21.2 17.2 14.0 21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 3.1 2.4 4.0 3.1 2.4 4.0 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 420 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ... 337,650 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 66,500 ... ... 66,500 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 60,400 ... ... 60,400 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 62,000 ... ... 62,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 100 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ... 100,545 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 32,800 ... ... 32,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 35,600 ... ... 35,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 29,200 ... ... 29,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 32,000 ... ... 32,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 320 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ... 237,105 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 70,500 ... ... 70,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 77,500 ... ... 77,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 415 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ... 337,650 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 80,400 ... ... 80,400 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 85,400 ... ... 85,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 70,400 ... ... 70,400 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 72,200 ... ... 72,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 105 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ... 100,470 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,000 ... ... 36,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 43,160 ... ... 43,160 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 31,200 ... ... 31,200 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 36,920 ... ... 36,920 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 305 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ... 237,185 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 103,300 ... ... 103,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 87,100 ... ... 87,100 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 2,555 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 3,550 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 5,005 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 5,205 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 20,140 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 13,035 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 15,205 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 16,985 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 16,465 ... ... 4.9 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 15,135 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 35 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 28,720 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 50 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 26,860 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 35 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 24,810 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 22,570 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 30 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 19,340 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
$100,000 and over 105 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ... 102,075 ... ... 30.2 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 50 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 36,570 ... ... 10.8 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 24,235 ... ... 7.2 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 25,140 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
$200,000 and over 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 16,125 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 2,795 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 3,625 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 5,080 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 5,550 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 21,560 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 16,020 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 18,125 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 19,505 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 18,680 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 17,375 ... ... 5.1 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 34,180 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 31,255 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 28,050 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 30 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 23,535 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 19,325 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
$100,000 and over 65 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ... 72,995 ... ... 21.6 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 35 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 33,440 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 18,770 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$150,000 and over 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ... 20,785 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 305 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ... 226,015 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 75,000 ... ... 75,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 160 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ... 103,880 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 66,000 ... ... 66,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 60,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 100 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ... 80,675 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 35 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ... 34,515 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,500 ... ... 64,500 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 58,800 ... ... 58,800 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,000 ... ... 58,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 54,800 ... ... 54,800 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 140 90 55 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ... 132,230 64,450 67,775 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 33,600 30,800 34,400 33,600 30,800 34,400 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800 34,000 36,400 32,400 34,000 36,400 32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 29,400 29,400 31,000 29,400 29,400 31,000 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 31,000 32,400 29,800 31,000 32,400 29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 305 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ... 225,820 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 103,600 ... ... 103,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 87,200 ... ... 87,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 150 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ... 103,530 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 91,900 ... ... 91,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 68,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 77,300 ... ... 77,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 115 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ... 80,950 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 128,000 ... ... 128,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 134,800 ... ... 134,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 111,700 ... ... 111,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 30 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ... 34,265 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 67,100 ... ... 67,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 60,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 60,100 ... ... 60,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 120 75 45 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ... 132,200 64,270 67,930 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 36,500 42,000 30,000 36,500 42,000 30,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880 41,080 43,440 38,800 41,080 43,440 38,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 32,000 36,000 26,000 32,000 36,000 26,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120 35,360 36,800 34,000 35,360 36,800 34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 985 510 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,705 385,485 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 175 95 85 17.8 18.6 17.7 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0 134,200 68,730 65,465 17.7 18.4 17.0
0 to 5 years 40 15 25 4.1 2.9 5.2 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9 39,385 20,250 19,135 5.2 5.4 5.0
18 to 64 years 545 290 265 55.3 56.9 55.2 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9 458,335 226,275 232,065 60.4 60.5 60.2
65 years and over 260 130 130 26.4 25.5 27.1 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1 166,660 78,700 87,955 22.0 21.1 22.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 135 70 70 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ... 107,975 49,435 58,545 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 20 10 10 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ... 21,345 11,025 10,320 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 5 5 0 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ... 7,075 3,615 3,455 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 55 25 25 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ... 50,945 23,870 27,070 ... ... ...
65 years and over 60 25 30 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ... 35,690 14,540 21,150 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 13.6 12.8 14.4 13.6 12.8 14.4 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6 14.2 13.2 15.2 14.2 13.2 15.2
0 to 17 years (%) 11.0 10.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 15.9 16.0 15.8 15.9 16.0 15.8
0 to 5 years (%) 16.0 x x 16.0 x x 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 18.0 17.9 18.1 18.0 17.9 18.1
18 to 64 years (%) 10.4 10.0 11.0 10.4 10.0 11.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9 11.1 10.6 11.7 11.1 10.6 11.7
65 years and over (%) 22.0 20.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 24.0 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9 21.4 18.5 24.0 21.4 18.5 24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 985 510 475 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 750,265 369,270 380,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 180 90 85 18.3 17.6 17.9 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9 131,660 67,385 64,280 17.5 18.2 16.9
0 to 5 years 40 15 25 4.1 2.9 5.3 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8 38,625 19,835 18,790 5.1 5.4 4.9
18 to 64 years 545 285 260 55.3 55.9 54.7 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0 452,815 223,560 229,255 60.4 60.5 60.2
65 years and over 260 130 130 26.4 25.5 27.4 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2 165,795 78,335 87,465 22.1 21.2 23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 35 20 15 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ... 28,545 14,420 14,120 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 5 0 5 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ... 4,940 2,540 2,400 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 0 0 0 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ... 1,475 750 725 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 25 15 10 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ... 21,470 11,035 10,435 ... ... ...
65 years and over 5 0 0 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ... 2,135 850 1,285 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 3.6 4.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.2 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7
0 to 17 years (%) x x x x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7
0 to 5 years (%) x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9
18 to 64 years (%) 4.8 6.0 4.0 4.8 6.0 4.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.6
65 years and over (%) x x x x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 985 510 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,710 385,485 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 710 360 350 72.1 70.6 72.9 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1 459,505 222,055 237,450 60.5 59.4 61.6
In bottom decile 120 60 60 12.2 11.8 12.5 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2 92,405 43,155 49,245 12.2 11.5 12.8
In second decile 135 75 60 13.7 14.7 12.5 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5 100,770 47,335 53,440 13.3 12.7 13.9
In third decile 190 95 95 19.3 18.6 19.8 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2 94,620 45,965 48,650 12.5 12.3 12.6
In fourth decile 160 80 80 16.2 15.7 16.7 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1 88,080 43,670 44,410 11.6 11.7 11.5
In fifth decile 105 50 60 10.7 9.8 12.5 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0 83,630 41,930 41,705 11.0 11.2 10.8
In top half of the distribution 275 150 125 27.9 29.4 26.0 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9 299,685 151,655 148,035 39.5 40.6 38.4
In sixth decile 80 45 30 8.1 8.8 6.3 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9 76,590 38,735 37,860 10.1 10.4 9.8
In seventh decile 75 45 35 7.6 8.8 7.3 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9 71,410 35,940 35,465 9.4 9.6 9.2
In eighth decile 55 25 30 5.6 4.9 6.3 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8 63,110 31,815 31,295 8.3 8.5 8.1
In ninth decile 50 25 20 5.1 4.9 4.2 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7 51,515 26,155 25,360 6.8 7.0 6.6
In top decile 20 10 10 2.0 2.0 2.1 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6 37,055 19,005 18,050 4.9 5.1 4.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 985 ... ... 985 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 759,195 ... ... 759,195 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.281 ... ... 0.281 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.311 ... ... 0.311 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.451 ... ... 0.451 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.448 ... ... 0.448 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.249 ... ... 0.249 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.272 ... ... 0.272 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 764,630 376,260 388,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 855 455 400 85.5 87.5 83.3 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1 442,430 223,035 219,395 57.9 59.3 56.5
French only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7 60,175 28,960 31,215 7.9 7.7 8.0
English and French 135 65 75 13.5 12.5 15.6 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0 260,120 123,360 136,765 34.0 32.8 35.2
Neither English nor French 5 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2 1,900 905 1,000 0.2 0.2 0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 764,630 376,260 388,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 960 495 465 96.0 95.2 96.9 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2 528,550 260,745 267,805 69.1 69.3 69.0
French 40 20 15 4.0 3.8 3.1 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4 229,330 112,260 117,065 30.0 29.8 30.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3 5,040 2,475 2,565 0.7 0.7 0.7
Neither English nor French 5 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1 1,710 785 930 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 764,630 376,260 388,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 990 510 475 99.0 98.1 99.0 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9 745,685 367,100 378,580 97.5 97.6 97.5
Official languages 950 490 465 95.0 94.2 96.9 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9 712,570 350,360 362,205 93.2 93.1 93.3
English 915 470 450 91.5 90.4 93.8 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3 487,010 239,995 247,010 63.7 63.8 63.6
French 40 25 15 4.0 4.8 3.1 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6 225,560 110,365 115,195 29.5 29.3 29.7
Non-official languages 35 25 15 3.5 4.8 3.1 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0 33,115 16,740 16,375 4.3 4.4 4.2
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,715 800 915 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,685 790 895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,670 770 895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,435 655 780 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 115 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 35 25 15 3.5 4.8 3.1 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6 31,400 15,935 15,460 4.1 4.2 4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8 4,860 2,630 2,225 0.6 0.7 0.6
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 50 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6 4,645 2,510 2,125 0.6 0.7 0.5
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3 4,345 2,340 2,005 0.6 0.6 0.5
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0 185 105 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6 965 460 500 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5 940 450 490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8 3,180 1,320 1,860 0.4 0.4 0.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1 225 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4 2,590 1,085 1,505 0.3 0.3 0.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2 190 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6 825 475 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1 275 165 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4 225 125 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1 270 165 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 30 20 10 3.0 3.8 2.1 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4 14,990 7,825 7,160 2.0 2.1 1.8
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9 2,830 1,405 1,425 0.4 0.4 0.4
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9 2,760 1,370 1,385 0.4 0.4 0.4
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5 295 140 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6 1,520 750 770 0.2 0.2 0.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3 300 160 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2 145 85 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3 455 230 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3 2,805 1,390 1,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9 1,610 765 845 0.2 0.2 0.2
German 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8 1,505 720 790 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4 980 515 465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2 820 440 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3 140 90 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4 4,855 2,765 2,090 0.6 0.7 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6 4,030 2,325 1,705 0.5 0.6 0.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2 410 225 185 0.1 0.1 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4 455 315 140 0.1 0.1 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4 695 405 285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8 1,765 1,005 755 0.2 0.3 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6 385 210 175 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8 820 440 380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7 655 355 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5 575 315 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 10 10 0 1.0 1.9 0.0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3 4,240 2,115 2,120 0.6 0.6 0.5
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9 400 220 180 0.1 0.1 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7 1,125 555 565 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3 495 250 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 10 10 0 1.0 1.9 0.0 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5 2,210 1,080 1,130 0.3 0.3 0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2 120 30 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5 1,460 715 740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,145 595 545 0.1 0.2 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 140 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8 3,005 1,475 1,525 0.4 0.4 0.4
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8 2,950 1,450 1,500 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0 2,340 1,140 1,200 0.3 0.3 0.3
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6 470 245 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1 80 15 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 5 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1 145 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 65 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2 255 120 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1 195 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1 18,945 9,155 9,790 2.5 2.4 2.5
English and French 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8 12,815 6,065 6,750 1.7 1.6 1.7
English and non-official language(s) 5 0 5 0.5 0.0 1.0 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5 4,695 2,370 2,320 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3 655 330 335 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 345 195 145 0.0 0.1 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3 440 200 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 764,630 376,260 388,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 935 475 455 93.5 91.3 94.8 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6 500,190 246,800 253,390 65.4 65.6 65.2
French 10 10 5 1.0 1.9 1.0 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6 183,630 90,460 93,170 24.0 24.0 24.0
Non-official language 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8 9,490 4,825 4,665 1.2 1.3 1.2
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1 285 125 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7 9,210 4,695 4,510 1.2 1.2 1.2
English and French 25 15 10 2.5 2.9 2.1 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6 44,360 20,645 23,710 5.8 5.5 6.1
English and non-official language(s) 20 15 5 2.0 2.9 1.0 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4 21,925 11,065 10,860 2.9 2.9 2.8
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1 1,350 650 705 0.2 0.2 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3 2,940 1,455 1,485 0.4 0.4 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6 750 360 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 764,630 376,260 388,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 995 520 475 99.5 100.0 99.0 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7 748,940 368,675 380,265 97.9 98.0 97.9
Official languages 970 500 470 97.0 96.2 97.9 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7 729,675 358,870 370,800 95.4 95.4 95.5
English 955 490 465 95.5 94.2 96.9 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5 528,115 259,865 268,250 69.1 69.1 69.1
French 15 10 5 1.5 1.9 1.0 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2 201,560 99,005 102,555 26.4 26.3 26.4
Non-official languages 30 20 10 3.0 3.8 2.1 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9 19,265 9,800 9,465 2.5 2.6 2.4
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2 500 225 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1 495 220 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 215 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 190 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 30 20 10 3.0 3.8 2.1 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7 18,765 9,575 9,190 2.5 2.5 2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1 3,320 1,715 1,600 0.4 0.5 0.4
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0 3,215 1,670 1,545 0.4 0.4 0.4
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8 3,060 1,580 1,480 0.4 0.4 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4 685 340 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3 685 340 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0 1,725 790 940 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8 1,510 690 820 0.2 0.2 0.2
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5 560 330 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 105 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3 180 95 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0 185 120 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 20 15 5 2.0 2.9 1.0 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2 8,125 4,260 3,865 1.1 1.1 1.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9 1,780 915 870 0.2 0.2 0.2
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9 1,760 900 855 0.2 0.2 0.2
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,135 580 550 0.1 0.2 0.1
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 315 165 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4 690 340 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3 420 205 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2 355 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 240 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1 3,170 1,750 1,415 0.4 0.5 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5 2,625 1,480 1,145 0.3 0.4 0.3
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2 225 120 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2 250 165 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2 430 250 180 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4 1,335 755 585 0.2 0.2 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4 235 125 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6 545 270 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5 410 210 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3 360 190 170 0.0 0.1 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6 2,405 1,215 1,190 0.3 0.3 0.3
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3 800 395 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 285 150 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,230 625 610 0.2 0.2 0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,195 590 600 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1 515 240 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 160 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 115 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8 2,100 1,035 1,065 0.3 0.3 0.3
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8 2,070 1,020 1,045 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5 1,755 865 890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2 250 130 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3 15,690 7,585 8,105 2.1 2.0 2.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6 9,245 4,315 4,925 1.2 1.1 1.3
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1 5,485 2,785 2,695 0.7 0.7 0.7
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4 480 240 240 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2 365 195 170 0.0 0.1 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,000 515 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 764,630 376,260 388,370 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 955 490 465 95.5 95.1 96.9 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5 707,420 348,845 358,570 92.5 92.7 92.3
English 15 10 5 1.5 1.9 1.0 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3 24,035 11,685 12,355 3.1 3.1 3.2
French 20 10 5 2.0 1.9 1.0 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6 19,060 8,690 10,370 2.5 2.3 2.7
Non-official language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3 9,810 4,830 4,975 1.3 1.3 1.3
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,065 520 540 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2 8,745 4,310 4,435 1.1 1.1 1.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2 535 270 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 10 10 0 1.0 1.9 0.0 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,560 815 740 0.2 0.2 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4 965 460 505 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,175 630 545 0.2 0.2 0.1
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,580 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8 757,425 372,745 384,680 99.8 99.8 99.8
English 980 505 480 99.5 100.0 99.0 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2 698,025 344,305 353,720 91.9 92.2 91.7
French 155 70 85 15.7 13.9 17.5 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6 317,825 151,335 166,490 41.9 40.5 43.2
Non-official languages 65 35 30 6.6 6.9 6.2 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3 52,190 26,005 26,185 6.9 7.0 6.8
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7 3,575 1,740 1,830 0.5 0.5 0.5
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5 3,410 1,695 1,720 0.4 0.5 0.4
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,345 1,650 1,695 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,605 1,275 1,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 395 375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 65 35 30 6.6 6.9 6.2 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6 48,670 24,290 24,375 6.4 6.5 6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9 7,130 3,910 3,220 0.9 1.0 0.8
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 75 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2 125 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7 6,825 3,750 3,075 0.9 1.0 0.8
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2 6,090 3,350 2,740 0.8 0.9 0.7
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2 620 340 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8 1,160 630 530 0.2 0.2 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7 1,125 610 520 0.1 0.2 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5 4,740 2,010 2,735 0.6 0.5 0.7
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1 440 185 255 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2 160 65 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1 155 50 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 70 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 50 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3 4,225 1,765 2,465 0.6 0.5 0.6
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1 145 60 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5 785 365 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4 365 165 200 0.0 0.0 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9 1,460 845 615 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2 460 275 185 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6 725 400 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1 415 245 170 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 55 25 25 5.6 5.0 5.2 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2 25,220 12,650 12,570 3.3 3.4 3.3
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 70 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4 3,625 1,840 1,790 0.5 0.5 0.5
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3 3,590 1,820 1,770 0.5 0.5 0.5
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1 210 115 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6 435 215 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9 2,225 1,135 1,090 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4 410 215 195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2 180 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4 1,015 505 510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 45 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 25 10 15 2.5 2.0 3.1 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8 4,825 2,375 2,450 0.6 0.6 0.6
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 15 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.1 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3 3,340 1,670 1,670 0.4 0.4 0.4
German 15 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.1 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2 3,250 1,625 1,620 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,330 670 660 0.2 0.2 0.2
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,070 545 525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 390 150 245 0.1 0.0 0.1
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 60 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4 330 210 115 0.0 0.1 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0 7,050 4,010 3,040 0.9 1.1 0.8
Indo-Aryan languages 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1 6,275 3,580 2,695 0.8 1.0 0.7
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3 505 275 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5 765 525 240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0 3,745 2,125 1,615 0.5 0.6 0.4
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1 185 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 230 100 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5 2,475 1,385 1,090 0.3 0.4 0.3
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1 985 545 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0 820 460 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9 730 410 315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6 620 355 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 25 10 20 2.5 2.0 4.1 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9 10,140 4,585 5,555 1.3 1.2 1.4
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5 1,305 680 630 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,450 750 700 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3 555 245 305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 25 10 20 2.5 2.0 4.1 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4 7,580 3,295 4,285 1.0 0.9 1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3 485 260 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6 1,665 835 830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7 3,325 1,745 1,575 0.4 0.5 0.4
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 130 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 115 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0 240 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 125 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1 480 235 240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2 855 415 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 65 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 85 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1 705 355 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1 545 270 270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2 990 355 635 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1 855 290 560 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5 3,695 1,860 1,830 0.5 0.5 0.5
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4 3,625 1,840 1,785 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9 3,180 1,605 1,575 0.4 0.4 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1 585 290 295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 20 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1 95 20 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2 310 185 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 275 170 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2 380 155 225 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 30 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2 240 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,575 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 40 25 20 4.1 5.0 4.1 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1 33,295 16,345 16,955 4.4 4.4 4.4
Single Indigenous responses46 40 25 20 4.1 5.0 4.1 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9 31,810 15,610 16,200 4.2 4.2 4.2
First Nations (North American Indian) 35 20 20 3.6 4.0 4.1 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9 20,960 10,205 10,755 2.8 2.7 2.8
Métis 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7 10,170 5,075 5,090 1.3 1.4 1.3
Inuk (Inuit) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2 685 330 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses47 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1 485 230 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1 995 500 500 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 945 475 465 95.9 94.1 95.9 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9 725,900 357,235 368,660 95.6 95.6 95.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,575 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 35 20 20 3.6 4.0 4.1 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3 15,285 7,565 7,720 2.0 2.0 2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 950 485 465 96.4 96.0 95.9 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7 743,910 366,010 377,900 98.0 98.0 98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 385 ... ... 92.8 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ... 246,455 ... ... 73.0 ... ...
Renter 30 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ... 88,455 ... ... 26.2 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 2,745 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 13,175 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Not condominium 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ... 324,480 ... ... 96.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 1,155 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
1 bedroom 30 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 32,570 ... ... 9.6 ... ...
2 bedrooms 115 ... ... 27.7 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 97,215 ... ... 28.8 ... ...
3 bedrooms 150 ... ... 36.1 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 128,185 ... ... 38.0 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 115 ... ... 27.7 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ... 78,525 ... ... 23.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 80 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ... 77,525 ... ... 23.0 ... ...
5 rooms 70 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 60,295 ... ... 17.9 ... ...
6 rooms 50 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ... 56,105 ... ... 16.6 ... ...
7 rooms 55 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 45,110 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
8 or more rooms 160 ... ... 38.6 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ... 98,615 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.9 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ... 335,255 ... ... 99.3 ... ...
More than one person per room 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2,400 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 405 ... ... 97.6 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ... 328,595 ... ... 97.3 ... ...
Not suitable 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 9,060 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 170 ... ... 41.0 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ... 74,095 ... ... 21.9 ... ...
1961 to 1980 105 ... ... 25.3 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ... 101,070 ... ... 29.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 50 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 47,310 ... ... 14.0 ... ...
1991 to 2000 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 42,140 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
2001 to 2005 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 18,995 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
2006 to 2010 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 21,755 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
2011 to 2015 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 17,470 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
2016 to 202157 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 14,820 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 370 ... ... 89.2 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ... 311,405 ... ... 92.2 ... ...
Major repairs needed 40 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 26,245 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 215 ... ... 51.8 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ... 179,355 ... ... 53.1 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 190 ... ... 45.8 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ... 149,280 ... ... 44.2 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 9,020 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 10,740 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
25 to 34 years 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 40,195 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 55 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 50,205 ... ... 14.9 ... ...
45 to 54 years 70 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ... 56,585 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
55 to 64 years 75 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 71,225 ... ... 21.1 ... ...
65 to 74 years 110 ... ... 26.5 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ... 64,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
75 to 84 years 35 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 33,670 ... ... 10.0 ... ...
85 years and over 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 10,755 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 400 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 332,185 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 365 ... ... 91.3 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ... 289,265 ... ... 87.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 30 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 42,920 ... ... 12.9 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 20 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 39,425 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 337,650 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 80 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ... 72,620 ... ... 21.5 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 30 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ... 38,410 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
Not suitable only 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 7,360 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 40 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 21,335 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 605 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 3,815 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 1,000 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 85 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 330 ... ... 79.5 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ... 265,035 ... ... 78.5 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 380 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 328,690 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 20,245 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
Not in core need 370 ... ... 97.4 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ... 308,450 ... ... 93.8 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 365 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ... 245,105 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 50.7 ... ... 50.7 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 54.6 ... ... 54.6 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 6.8 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 604 ... ... 604 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 770 ... ... 770 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 788 ... ... 788 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 935 ... ... 935 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 150,000 ... ... 150,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 180,000 ... ... 180,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 199,000 ... ... 199,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 207,800 ... ... 207,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 30 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ... 88,190 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 13.2 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 28.0 ... ... 28.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 x ... ... x ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 830 ... ... 830 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 400 ... ... 400 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 870 ... ... 870 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ... 2,745 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ... 112 ... ... 112 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 990 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,580 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7 19,065 9,425 9,640 2.5 2.5 2.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7 18,870 9,325 9,550 2.5 2.5 2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1 15,490 7,650 7,835 2.0 2.0 2.0
Métis single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,040 1,530 1,515 0.4 0.4 0.4
Inuit single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2 340 140 195 0.0 0.0 0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1 200 105 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 30 25 0 3.0 5.0 0.0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4 28,105 13,485 14,620 3.7 3.6 3.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 30 25 0 3.0 5.0 0.0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3 27,515 13,210 14,300 3.6 3.5 3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 25 0 3.0 5.0 0.0 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3 21,290 10,215 11,070 2.8 2.7 2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0 5,790 2,755 3,035 0.8 0.7 0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1 440 240 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1 595 275 315 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1 395 200 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 930 470 460 93.9 93.1 94.8 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8 712,025 350,665 361,355 93.8 93.9 93.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 990 500 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,580 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 960 485 475 97.0 97.0 99.0 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3 726,255 356,640 369,615 95.7 95.5 95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18 185 95 90 18.7 19.0 18.8 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9 127,475 65,130 62,345 16.8 17.4 16.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 775 390 385 78.3 78.0 80.2 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3 598,780 291,515 307,265 78.9 78.0 79.7
Not Canadian citizens78 30 15 10 3.0 3.0 2.1 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7 32,945 16,935 16,005 4.3 4.5 4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 990 500 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,580 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 915 460 460 92.4 92.0 95.8 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8 704,215 346,090 358,125 92.8 92.6 92.9
Immigrants81 65 40 25 6.6 8.0 5.2 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8 44,120 21,485 22,635 5.8 5.8 5.9
Before 1980 20 15 10 2.0 3.0 2.1 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4 10,030 4,655 5,375 1.3 1.2 1.4
1980 to 1990 20 15 10 2.0 3.0 2.1 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6 2,750 1,310 1,440 0.4 0.4 0.4
1991 to 2000 15 15 0 1.5 3.0 0.0 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4 2,955 1,340 1,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
2001 to 2010 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5 6,605 3,220 3,385 0.9 0.9 0.9
2011 to 202182 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9 21,785 10,965 10,820 2.9 2.9 2.8
2011 to 2015 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2 5,745 2,745 2,995 0.8 0.7 0.8
2016 to 2021 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7 16,040 8,220 7,825 2.1 2.2 2.0
Non-permanent residents83 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3 10,860 6,000 4,855 1.4 1.6 1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 65 40 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 44,125 21,485 22,635 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 15 0 0 23.1 0.0 0.0 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4 5,660 2,855 2,810 12.8 13.3 12.4
5 to 14 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1 9,190 4,520 4,675 20.8 21.0 20.7
15 to 24 years 10 10 0 15.4 25.0 0.0 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9 6,485 2,900 3,580 14.7 13.5 15.8
25 to 44 years 25 10 10 38.5 25.0 40.0 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6 19,090 9,125 9,965 43.3 42.5 44.0
45 years and over 10 10 0 15.4 25.0 0.0 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9 3,705 2,090 1,610 8.4 9.7 7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 65 40 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 44,125 21,485 22,635 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 15 15 0 23.1 37.5 0.0 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0 9,535 4,230 5,300 21.6 19.7 23.4
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6 240 115 125 0.5 0.5 0.6
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0 250 110 135 0.6 0.5 0.6
El Salvador 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6 70 30 35 0.2 0.1 0.2
Guyana 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1 110 40 70 0.2 0.2 0.3
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3 260 110 150 0.6 0.5 0.7
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9 395 150 245 0.9 0.7 1.1
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1 345 140 205 0.8 0.7 0.9
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4 85 30 55 0.2 0.1 0.2
Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8 155 80 75 0.4 0.4 0.3
United States of America 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2 6,475 2,855 3,625 14.7 13.3 16.0
Other places of birth in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1 1,150 570 580 2.6 2.7 2.6
Europe 50 25 20 76.9 62.5 80.0 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1 12,295 6,060 6,230 27.9 28.2 27.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4 95 45 50 0.2 0.2 0.2
Croatia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4 75 45 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3 1,070 530 540 2.4 2.5 2.4
Germany 10 0 10 15.4 0.0 40.0 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5 1,400 610 790 3.2 2.8 3.5
Greece 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6 70 40 25 0.2 0.2 0.1
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4 115 55 60 0.3 0.3 0.3
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3 305 170 135 0.7 0.8 0.6
Netherlands 10 0 0 15.4 0.0 0.0 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8 740 410 325 1.7 1.9 1.4
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7 215 100 110 0.5 0.5 0.5
Portugal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5 140 105 35 0.3 0.5 0.2
Romania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0 440 200 235 1.0 0.9 1.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1 465 215 245 1.1 1.0 1.1
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4 120 70 50 0.3 0.3 0.2
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0 710 340 370 1.6 1.6 1.6
United Kingdom87 10 0 0 15.4 0.0 0.0 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3 4,910 2,450 2,460 11.1 11.4 10.9
Other places of birth in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2 1,425 670 750 3.2 3.1 3.3
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3 5,600 2,985 2,615 12.7 13.9 11.6
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9 230 120 110 0.5 0.6 0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4 615 275 345 1.4 1.3 1.5
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8 610 355 255 1.4 1.7 1.1
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3 65 45 25 0.1 0.2 0.1
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5 75 30 45 0.2 0.1 0.2
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9 460 265 195 1.0 1.2 0.9
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9 975 510 470 2.2 2.4 2.1
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4 70 40 35 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6 300 145 160 0.7 0.7 0.7
Other places of birth in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6 2,190 1,205 985 5.0 5.6 4.4
Asia 10 10 0 15.4 25.0 0.0 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9 16,375 8,050 8,325 37.1 37.5 36.8
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7 30 10 15 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1 520 295 225 1.2 1.4 1.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9 150 85 65 0.3 0.4 0.3
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0 500 275 230 1.1 1.3 1.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1 1,890 1,015 870 4.3 4.7 3.8
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4 135 85 50 0.3 0.4 0.2
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1 2,125 1,025 1,105 4.8 4.8 4.9
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6 155 100 50 0.4 0.5 0.2
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7 1,180 575 605 2.7 2.7 2.7
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8 50 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.2
Philippines 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5 3,780 1,575 2,210 8.6 7.3 9.8
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3 710 370 345 1.6 1.7 1.5
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8 310 170 140 0.7 0.8 0.6
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2 2,265 1,250 1,020 5.1 5.8 4.5
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6 520 270 250 1.2 1.3 1.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6 145 90 60 0.3 0.4 0.3
Other places of birth in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5 1,900 855 1,050 4.3 4.0 4.6
Oceania and other places of birth93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7 325 165 165 0.7 0.8 0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 10 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,040 8,220 7,825 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7 1,640 790 850 10.2 9.6 10.9
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5 160 80 75 1.0 1.0 1.0
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9 30 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8 75 35 40 0.5 0.4 0.5
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1 205 85 120 1.3 1.0 1.5
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3 200 80 120 1.2 1.0 1.5
United States of America 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9 610 320 285 3.8 3.9 3.6
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6 70 30 35 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other places of birth in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6 295 135 155 1.8 1.6 2.0
Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5 1,955 1,015 935 12.2 12.3 11.9
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8 390 195 200 2.4 2.4 2.6
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4 65 30 30 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3 40 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0 190 90 95 1.2 1.1 1.2
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2 475 250 225 3.0 3.0 2.9
United Kingdom87 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3 255 160 95 1.6 1.9 1.2
Other places of birth in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2 535 260 270 3.3 3.2 3.5
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2 3,500 1,850 1,650 21.8 22.5 21.1
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2 145 60 80 0.9 0.7 1.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4 95 55 35 0.6 0.7 0.4
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9 130 65 60 0.8 0.8 0.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7 365 150 220 2.3 1.8 2.8
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6 85 40 45 0.5 0.5 0.6
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9 440 250 190 2.7 3.0 2.4
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1 35 20 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0 275 155 120 1.7 1.9 1.5
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9 905 465 440 5.6 5.7 5.6
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4 50 20 25 0.3 0.2 0.3
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6 100 40 60 0.6 0.5 0.8
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3 155 90 70 1.0 1.1 0.9
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6 110 70 40 0.7 0.9 0.5
Other places of birth in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9 595 350 245 3.7 4.3 3.1
Asia 10 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9 8,880 4,545 4,335 55.4 55.3 55.4
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0 195 95 95 1.2 1.2 1.2
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9 970 505 470 6.0 6.1 6.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4 1,370 805 560 8.5 9.8 7.2
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0 165 90 75 1.0 1.1 1.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3 55 30 20 0.3 0.4 0.3
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3 185 100 85 1.2 1.2 1.1
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3 140 80 60 0.9 1.0 0.8
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8 255 135 120 1.6 1.6 1.5
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7 130 65 60 0.8 0.8 0.8
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4 115 50 65 0.7 0.6 0.8
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7 225 110 110 1.4 1.3 1.4
Philippines 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4 2,330 1,080 1,250 14.5 13.1 16.0
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6 110 50 60 0.7 0.6 0.8
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7 60 35 25 0.4 0.4 0.3
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5 1,705 910 795 10.6 11.1 10.2
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7 60 30 30 0.4 0.4 0.4
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6 245 105 140 1.5 1.3 1.8
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3 315 160 155 2.0 1.9 2.0
Other places of birth in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5 240 100 140 1.5 1.2 1.8
Oceania and other93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6 65 20 50 0.4 0.2 0.6
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4 60 10 50 0.4 0.1 0.6
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,580 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 85 50 35 8.6 9.9 7.2 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0 61,085 30,330 30,760 8.0 8.1 8.0
Second generation101 65 40 30 6.6 7.9 6.2 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3 45,550 22,465 23,085 6.0 6.0 6.0
Third generation or more102 840 415 425 85.3 82.2 87.6 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6 652,555 320,785 331,765 86.0 85.9 86.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 40 30 15 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,090 16,835 17,255 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 25 20 10 62.5 66.7 66.7 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3 22,310 11,390 10,920 65.4 67.7 63.3
Principal applicants105 20 15 0 50.0 50.0 0.0 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4 8,870 5,785 3,085 26.0 34.4 17.9
Secondary applicants106 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0 13,440 5,610 7,835 39.4 33.3 45.4
Immigrants sponsored by family107 10 10 0 25.0 33.3 0.0 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4 6,985 2,875 4,115 20.5 17.1 23.8
Refugees108 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9 4,595 2,450 2,140 13.5 14.6 12.4
Other immigrants109 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4 200 120 80 0.6 0.7 0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 40 30 15 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,090 16,835 17,255 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4 430 275 150 1.3 1.6 0.9
Work permits only before admission112 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7 5,515 2,815 2,700 16.2 16.7 15.6
Study permits only before admission113 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5 1,450 695 750 4.3 4.1 4.3
Work and study permits before admission114 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3 2,390 1,385 1,005 7.0 8.2 5.8
Other permits before admission115 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7 315 115 200 0.9 0.7 1.2
No pre-admission experience116 40 30 10 100.0 100.0 66.7 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5 23,995 11,555 12,440 70.4 68.6 72.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,575 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 25 20 0 2.5 4.0 0.0 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8 44,205 22,390 21,815 5.8 6.0 5.7
South Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8 8,630 4,800 3,830 1.1 1.3 1.0
Chinese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9 4,085 1,970 2,120 0.5 0.5 0.5
Black 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3 12,155 6,025 6,130 1.6 1.6 1.6
Filipino 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9 5,190 2,275 2,915 0.7 0.6 0.8
Arab 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8 5,060 2,745 2,310 0.7 0.7 0.6
Latin American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6 2,450 1,130 1,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
Southeast Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1 1,890 965 925 0.2 0.3 0.2
West Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0 915 515 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,655 865 790 0.2 0.2 0.2
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3 250 90 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5 550 295 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple visible minorities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,375 725 655 0.2 0.2 0.2
Not a visible minority120 960 480 480 97.5 95.0 99.0 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2 714,990 351,185 363,800 94.2 94.0 94.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 985 500 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,580 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 220 115 105 22.3 23.0 21.9 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4 174,910 85,815 89,095 23.0 23.0 23.1
English 395 200 195 40.1 40.0 40.6 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8 137,145 66,235 70,915 18.1 17.7 18.4
Irish 185 85 105 18.8 17.0 21.9 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6 155,915 73,665 82,250 20.5 19.7 21.3
Scottish 230 130 100 23.4 26.0 20.8 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3 134,350 65,315 69,035 17.7 17.5 17.9
French, n.o.s.122 140 65 80 14.2 13.0 16.7 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0 118,205 57,185 61,020 15.6 15.3 15.8
German 60 20 40 6.1 4.0 8.3 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2 33,200 16,080 17,120 4.4 4.3 4.4
Chinese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9 4,600 2,285 2,325 0.6 0.6 0.6
Italian 20 10 10 2.0 2.0 2.1 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2 8,255 4,115 4,135 1.1 1.1 1.1
Indian (India) 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6 5,655 3,075 2,580 0.7 0.8 0.7
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5 4,600 2,195 2,400 0.6 0.6 0.6
Dutch 55 35 15 5.6 7.0 3.1 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7 13,310 6,485 6,825 1.8 1.7 1.8
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8 3,815 1,945 1,865 0.5 0.5 0.5
Québécois 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7 5,415 2,730 2,685 0.7 0.7 0.7
British Isles, n.o.s.123 20 0 15 2.0 0.0 3.1 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6 16,630 8,270 8,355 2.2 2.2 2.2
Filipino 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8 4,960 2,190 2,770 0.7 0.6 0.7
French Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5 18,650 9,070 9,575 2.5 2.4 2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 105 45 60 10.7 9.0 12.5 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9 40,845 19,950 20,900 5.4 5.3 5.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 15 10 0 1.5 2.0 0.0 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8 13,550 6,430 7,120 1.8 1.7 1.8
Métis 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6 9,445 4,575 4,870 1.2 1.2 1.3
European, n.o.s.126 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5 11,565 5,650 5,910 1.5 1.5 1.5
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6 2,600 1,270 1,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
Norwegian 40 30 20 4.1 6.0 4.2 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3 3,640 1,720 1,920 0.5 0.5 0.5
Welsh 15 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3 11,500 5,395 6,100 1.5 1.4 1.6
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2 2,095 1,000 1,090 0.3 0.3 0.3
American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0 7,185 3,510 3,680 0.9 0.9 1.0
Spanish 15 15 0 1.5 3.0 0.0 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0 3,060 1,435 1,625 0.4 0.4 0.4
Swedish 15 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.1 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0 2,710 1,300 1,415 0.4 0.3 0.4
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,370 720 655 0.2 0.2 0.2
Acadian 45 15 25 4.6 3.0 5.2 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9 108,375 52,655 55,720 14.3 14.1 14.4
Pakistani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8 835 435 405 0.1 0.1 0.1
African, n.o.s.127 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8 3,255 1,535 1,725 0.4 0.4 0.4
Jewish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,685 820 865 0.2 0.2 0.2
Punjabi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7 575 350 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8 1,295 670 620 0.2 0.2 0.2
Arab, n.o.s.128 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7 1,955 1,085 865 0.3 0.3 0.2
Greek 10 0 10 1.0 0.0 2.1 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7 1,260 700 565 0.2 0.2 0.1
Jamaican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7 835 405 430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asian, n.o.s.129 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,150 550 600 0.2 0.1 0.2
Cree, n.o.s.130 20 0 20 2.0 0.0 4.2 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6 720 300 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,480 775 705 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,025 485 535 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6 3,440 1,700 1,740 0.5 0.5 0.5
Iranian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5 630 320 305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian, n.i.e.131 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5 3,025 1,510 1,515 0.4 0.4 0.4
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5 4,170 2,185 1,985 0.5 0.6 0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5 5,675 2,820 2,855 0.7 0.8 0.7
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5 475 295 180 0.1 0.1 0.0
Austrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5 945 500 445 0.1 0.1 0.1
Belgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,500 755 745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5 465 210 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4 570 365 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mexican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4 985 520 470 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mennonite 30 20 10 3.0 4.0 2.1 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4 320 140 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4 995 465 535 0.1 0.1 0.1
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4 850 415 430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4 210 100 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4 365 175 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4 440 175 270 0.1 0.0 0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.133 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3 205 115 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3 12,655 6,215 6,440 1.7 1.7 1.7
Northern European, n.o.s.135 30 10 15 3.0 2.0 3.1 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,930 915 1,020 0.3 0.2 0.3
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3 640 385 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egyptian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3 840 450 390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3 360 140 225 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 260 145 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3 400 230 170 0.1 0.1 0.0
Colombian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3 300 140 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moroccan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3 575 330 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3 395 180 220 0.1 0.0 0.1
Syrian 10 0 10 1.0 0.0 2.1 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,835 885 950 0.2 0.2 0.2
Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,120 440 680 0.1 0.1 0.2
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3 280 150 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3 365 170 200 0.0 0.0 0.1
Newfoundlander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,385 1,230 1,155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hong Konger 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2 795 390 410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2 215 135 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2 365 190 170 0.0 0.1 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2 320 200 120 0.0 0.1 0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.138 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 990 480 505 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2 320 185 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 260 160 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2 705 350 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nigerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2 640 335 310 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2 275 150 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 255 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2 580 280 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 0 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2 325 130 195 0.0 0.0 0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2 330 155 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2 235 105 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2 270 160 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2 250 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1 390 180 210 0.1 0.0 0.1
South African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 325 175 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1 395 210 185 0.1 0.1 0.0
Palestinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 190 115 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 230 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congolese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 720 345 375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,680 825 855 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ethiopian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peruvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1 140 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1 575 320 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 70 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 40 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 75 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1 840 420 415 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,365 10,950 11,415 2.9 2.9 3.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 45 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1 640 270 365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1 285 185 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1 200 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 275 115 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albertan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1 735 390 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 190 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1 215 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 430 235 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 40 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1 225 85 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Laotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 305 160 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.150 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1 900 455 445 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 55 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 35 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 195 85 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1 890 425 465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1 135 35 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1 220 120 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 105 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1 135 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1 135 40 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0 160 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 135 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 120 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 135 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 65 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 260 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 60 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 85 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 330 340 0.1 0.1 0.1
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 120 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 70 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 100 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 210 195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,985 1,500 1,480 0.4 0.4 0.4
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 70 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 759,195 373,575 385,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1 1,120 615 500 0.1 0.2 0.1
Christian 525 285 240 53.3 56.4 49.5 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7 512,645 241,975 270,670 67.5 64.8 70.2
Christian, n.o.s.162 45 35 15 4.6 6.9 3.1 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8 42,360 20,475 21,885 5.6 5.5 5.7
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4 425 220 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anglican 75 45 35 7.6 8.9 7.2 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4 35,830 16,545 19,285 4.7 4.4 5.0
Baptist 75 35 45 7.6 6.9 9.3 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3 48,540 22,610 25,925 6.4 6.1 6.7
Catholic 130 60 75 13.2 11.9 15.5 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9 305,520 146,135 159,385 40.2 39.1 41.3
Christian Orthodox 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8 1,905 915 985 0.3 0.2 0.3
Jehovah's Witness 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4 2,600 1,185 1,420 0.3 0.3 0.4
Latter Day Saints 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3 800 360 445 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lutheran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0 970 440 530 0.1 0.1 0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3 5,675 2,575 3,095 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 20 10 0 2.0 2.0 0.0 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2 14,290 6,490 7,805 1.9 1.7 2.0
Presbyterian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9 5,460 2,495 2,965 0.7 0.7 0.8
Reformed 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2 110 45 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Church 150 90 65 15.2 17.8 13.4 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7 35,205 15,505 19,700 4.6 4.2 5.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2 12,955 5,980 6,975 1.7 1.6 1.8
Hindu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2 3,340 1,980 1,365 0.4 0.5 0.4
Jewish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,000 540 460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7 9,190 4,990 4,205 1.2 1.3 1.1
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1 1,780 940 840 0.2 0.3 0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,005 490 515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7 3,990 1,590 2,400 0.5 0.4 0.6
No religion and secular perspectives 455 215 240 46.2 42.6 49.5 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4 225,125 120,460 104,660 29.7 32.2 27.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 975 500 470 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0 752,990 370,335 382,655 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 890 450 440 91.3 90.0 93.6 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8 669,160 329,670 339,490 88.9 89.0 88.7
Movers 85 55 35 8.7 11.0 7.4 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2 83,825 40,665 43,165 11.1 11.0 11.3
Non-migrants 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1 44,035 21,260 22,775 5.8 5.7 6.0
Migrants 80 45 35 8.2 9.0 7.4 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0 39,795 19,405 20,385 5.3 5.2 5.3
Internal migrants 80 45 35 8.2 9.0 7.4 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2 36,285 17,630 18,660 4.8 4.8 4.9
Intraprovincial migrants 55 35 25 5.6 7.0 5.3 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5 21,775 10,365 11,410 2.9 2.8 3.0
Interprovincial migrants 20 10 10 2.1 2.0 2.1 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7 14,510 7,265 7,245 1.9 2.0 1.9
External migrants 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8 3,505 1,770 1,730 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 960 500 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 726,925 357,160 369,770 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 695 375 320 72.4 75.0 69.6 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1 468,780 232,560 236,220 64.5 65.1 63.9
Movers 265 125 140 27.6 25.0 30.4 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9 258,145 124,595 133,550 35.5 34.9 36.1
Non-migrants 20 15 0 2.1 3.0 0.0 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8 86,035 41,160 44,880 11.8 11.5 12.1
Migrants 250 110 135 26.0 22.0 29.3 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2 172,110 83,445 88,665 23.7 23.4 24.0
Internal migrants 240 105 135 25.0 21.0 29.3 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4 150,300 72,155 78,150 20.7 20.2 21.1
Intraprovincial migrants 160 65 95 16.7 13.0 20.7 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8 104,965 49,260 55,710 14.4 13.8 15.1
Interprovincial migrants 80 40 40 8.3 8.0 8.7 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6 45,335 22,895 22,440 6.2 6.4 6.1
External migrants 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8 21,810 11,285 10,520 3.0 3.2 2.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,250 316,950 331,300 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 200 130 75 23.8 30.6 18.1 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6 135,565 74,350 61,215 20.9 23.5 18.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 640 300 340 76.2 70.6 81.9 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4 512,680 242,595 270,085 79.1 76.5 81.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 455 240 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 401,000 196,525 204,470 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 50 30 15 11.0 12.5 7.1 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7 49,300 30,135 19,165 12.3 15.3 9.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 405 210 195 89.0 87.5 92.9 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3 351,705 166,390 185,310 87.7 84.7 90.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 835 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,245 316,950 331,300 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 165 95 70 19.8 22.4 16.9 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3 122,485 65,245 57,245 18.9 20.6 17.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 230 125 105 27.5 29.4 25.3 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3 193,240 95,885 97,355 29.8 30.3 29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 440 205 240 52.7 48.2 57.8 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4 332,520 155,820 176,695 51.3 49.2 53.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 315 160 155 37.7 37.6 37.3 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9 209,655 103,265 106,385 32.3 32.6 32.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 115 85 30 13.8 20.0 7.2 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4 50,500 36,185 14,315 7.8 11.4 4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 65 45 20 7.8 10.6 4.8 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1 26,050 15,505 10,550 4.0 4.9 3.2
Apprenticeship certificate169 50 45 0 6.0 10.6 0.0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3 24,450 20,685 3,765 3.8 6.5 1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 190 70 125 22.8 16.5 30.1 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2 146,815 62,535 84,280 22.6 19.7 25.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 10 0 0 1.2 0.0 0.0 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4 12,335 4,545 7,785 1.9 1.4 2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher 125 45 80 15.0 10.6 19.3 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5 122,865 52,555 70,310 19.0 16.6 21.2
Bachelor's degree 95 30 60 11.4 7.1 14.5 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1 85,425 35,145 50,275 13.2 11.1 15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0 7,400 2,980 4,425 1.1 0.9 1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10 10 0 1.2 2.4 0.0 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7 3,070 1,625 1,445 0.5 0.5 0.4
Master's degree 25 0 25 3.0 0.0 6.0 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9 23,265 10,540 12,725 3.6 3.3 3.8
Earned doctorate171 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7 3,705 2,260 1,445 0.6 0.7 0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 455 240 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0 401,005 196,525 204,475 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 35 20 15 7.7 8.3 7.0 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4 44,010 26,490 17,520 11.0 13.5 8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 120 90 30 26.4 37.5 14.0 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6 114,985 59,795 55,195 28.7 30.4 27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 300 130 165 65.9 54.2 76.7 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0 242,005 110,240 131,765 60.3 56.1 64.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 210 100 110 46.2 41.7 51.2 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8 147,860 71,870 75,990 36.9 36.6 37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 75 60 20 16.5 25.0 9.3 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1 31,475 22,185 9,290 7.8 11.3 4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 45 30 15 9.9 12.5 7.0 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7 16,715 9,835 6,885 4.2 5.0 3.4
Apprenticeship certificate169 25 25 0 5.5 10.4 0.0 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4 14,760 12,355 2,405 3.7 6.3 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 125 40 90 27.5 16.7 41.9 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1 108,710 46,690 62,020 27.1 23.8 30.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6 7,670 2,995 4,680 1.9 1.5 2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher 85 30 55 18.7 12.5 25.6 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1 94,140 38,375 55,770 23.5 19.5 27.3
Bachelor's degree 70 20 50 15.4 8.3 23.3 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8 65,465 26,085 39,375 16.3 13.3 19.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5 5,475 2,015 3,460 1.4 1.0 1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10 10 0 2.2 4.2 0.0 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9 2,440 1,125 1,315 0.6 0.6 0.6
Master's degree 10 0 10 2.2 0.0 4.7 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9 18,170 7,665 10,505 4.5 3.9 5.1
Earned doctorate171 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9 2,595 1,475 1,115 0.6 0.8 0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 835 425 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,245 316,950 331,295 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 395 220 175 47.3 51.8 42.7 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6 315,730 161,130 154,600 48.7 50.8 46.7
Education 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5 25,985 6,770 19,215 4.0 2.1 5.8
13. Education 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5 25,985 6,770 19,215 4.0 2.1 5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3 7,240 3,175 4,065 1.1 1.0 1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1 970 700 275 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2 6,270 2,480 3,795 1.0 0.8 1.1
Humanities 40 20 15 4.8 4.7 3.7 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7 13,325 5,530 7,795 2.1 1.7 2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5 1,035 245 790 0.2 0.1 0.2
23. English language and literature/letters 15 0 10 1.8 0.0 2.4 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9 2,545 805 1,740 0.4 0.3 0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3 3,475 1,060 2,415 0.5 0.3 0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1 375 185 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2 920 545 370 0.1 0.2 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2 2,145 1,350 795 0.3 0.4 0.2
54. History 15 10 0 1.8 2.4 0.0 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3 2,065 1,110 960 0.3 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3 760 220 540 0.1 0.1 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 30 0 25 3.6 0.0 6.1 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7 28,985 8,430 20,555 4.5 2.7 6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1 265 60 210 0.0 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9 2,460 1,070 1,390 0.4 0.3 0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.4 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0 7,485 440 7,040 1.2 0.1 2.1
22. Legal professions and studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4 4,530 1,540 2,990 0.7 0.5 0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2 610 225 390 0.1 0.1 0.1
42. Psychology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6 6,135 1,325 4,805 0.9 0.4 1.5
45. Social sciences 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.4 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4 7,500 3,765 3,735 1.2 1.2 1.1
Business, management and public administration 55 0 55 6.6 0.0 13.4 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7 73,975 22,770 51,205 11.4 7.2 15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 30 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4 6,840 1,250 5,595 1.1 0.4 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 55 0 45 6.6 0.0 11.0 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2 66,960 21,485 45,475 10.3 6.8 13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies 15 0 15 1.8 0.0 3.7 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4 9,440 4,370 5,075 1.5 1.4 1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.4 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1 3,850 1,685 2,170 0.6 0.5 0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5 2,255 930 1,320 0.3 0.3 0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 415 95 320 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4 2,085 1,375 715 0.3 0.4 0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1 835 280 550 0.1 0.1 0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8 13,215 8,950 4,265 2.0 2.8 1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2 11,550 8,205 3,345 1.8 2.6 1.0
25. Library science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2 705 160 545 0.1 0.1 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3 825 510 315 0.1 0.2 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0 140 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 100 95 10 12.0 22.4 2.4 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4 72,895 68,250 4,640 11.2 21.5 1.4
04. Architecture and related services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3 660 415 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
14. Engineering 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1 9,640 8,120 1,520 1.5 2.6 0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 15 15 0 1.8 3.5 0.0 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6 16,310 14,615 1,695 2.5 4.6 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 25 25 0 3.0 5.9 0.0 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1 18,740 18,250 495 2.9 5.8 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 35 30 0 4.2 7.1 0.0 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1 17,500 17,120 380 2.7 5.4 0.1
48. Precision production 20 20 0 2.4 4.7 0.0 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1 10,045 9,730 320 1.5 3.1 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 40 25 15 4.8 5.9 3.7 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1 8,175 5,035 3,140 1.3 1.6 0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 25 15 15 3.0 3.5 3.7 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8 4,465 2,105 2,360 0.7 0.7 0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation 15 10 0 1.8 2.4 0.0 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3 3,720 2,930 780 0.6 0.9 0.2
Health and related fields 45 10 35 5.4 2.4 8.5 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7 52,900 8,440 44,465 8.2 2.7 13.4
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6 3,060 1,555 1,505 0.5 0.5 0.5
51. Health professions and related programs178 40 10 35 4.8 2.4 8.5 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9 48,505 6,205 42,300 7.5 2.0 12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 35 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,160 640 515 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 55 25 30 6.6 5.9 7.3 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1 26,300 14,075 12,220 4.1 4.4 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 25 0 25 3.0 0.0 6.1 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6 13,475 2,785 10,690 2.1 0.9 3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 130 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 275 55 0.1 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 10 10 0 1.2 2.4 0.0 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4 5,700 4,530 1,175 0.9 1.4 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 15 15 0 1.8 3.5 0.0 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1 6,650 6,360 290 1.0 2.0 0.1
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 455 240 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 401,000 196,530 204,475 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 160 110 45 35.2 45.8 20.9 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0 158,995 86,285 72,710 39.6 43.9 35.6
Education 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9 15,520 3,535 11,990 3.9 1.8 5.9
13. Education 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9 15,520 3,535 11,990 3.9 1.8 5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8 5,685 2,440 3,245 1.4 1.2 1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2 670 460 210 0.2 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6 5,010 1,980 3,030 1.2 1.0 1.5
Humanities 30 15 15 6.6 6.3 7.0 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1 9,310 3,680 5,635 2.3 1.9 2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6 845 175 665 0.2 0.1 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 10 0 10 2.2 0.0 4.7 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0 1,845 570 1,270 0.5 0.3 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4 2,455 710 1,745 0.6 0.4 0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1 240 120 125 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2 615 365 250 0.2 0.2 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2 1,320 790 530 0.3 0.4 0.3
54. History 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,470 790 680 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3 520 155 365 0.1 0.1 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 20 0 20 4.4 0.0 9.3 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9 22,760 6,020 16,740 5.7 3.1 8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2 195 40 155 0.0 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3 2,130 900 1,230 0.5 0.5 0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5 5,880 275 5,605 1.5 0.1 2.7
22. Legal professions and studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8 3,550 1,000 2,550 0.9 0.5 1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3 410 145 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
42. Psychology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9 4,895 935 3,960 1.2 0.5 1.9
45. Social sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0 5,700 2,730 2,970 1.4 1.4 1.5
Business, management and public administration 45 0 45 9.9 0.0 20.9 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1 55,485 16,845 38,650 13.8 8.6 18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 30 105 0.0 0.0 0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7 5,370 855 4,515 1.3 0.4 2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 40 0 40 8.8 0.0 18.6 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3 49,990 15,955 34,035 12.5 8.1 16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies 10 0 10 2.2 0.0 4.7 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7 6,765 3,050 3,715 1.7 1.6 1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4 2,875 1,210 1,660 0.7 0.6 0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6 1,495 620 880 0.4 0.3 0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 320 60 265 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5 1,520 950 570 0.4 0.5 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1 560 210 345 0.1 0.1 0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 15 0 15 3.3 0.0 7.0 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2 11,310 7,765 3,545 2.8 4.0 1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 15 0 15 3.3 0.0 7.0 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6 10,200 7,265 2,935 2.5 3.7 1.4
25. Library science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2 475 120 350 0.1 0.1 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3 515 315 200 0.1 0.2 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 65 60 10 14.3 25.0 4.7 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2 50,145 46,270 3,875 12.5 23.5 1.9
04. Architecture and related services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4 505 295 210 0.1 0.2 0.1
14. Engineering 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6 7,375 6,085 1,285 1.8 3.1 0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7 11,895 10,445 1,455 3.0 5.3 0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 15 15 0 3.3 6.3 0.0 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2 12,295 11,900 395 3.1 6.1 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 30 25 0 6.6 10.4 0.0 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1 11,460 11,180 280 2.9 5.7 0.1
48. Precision production 15 15 0 3.3 6.3 0.0 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1 6,620 6,365 255 1.7 3.2 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 35 25 10 7.7 10.4 4.7 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4 6,115 3,600 2,515 1.5 1.8 1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 20 15 10 4.4 6.3 4.7 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0 3,395 1,520 1,875 0.8 0.8 0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation 15 10 0 3.3 4.2 0.0 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4 2,720 2,080 640 0.7 1.1 0.3
Health and related fields 25 10 15 5.5 4.2 7.0 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8 39,225 6,580 32,640 9.8 3.3 16.0
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7 2,325 1,230 1,090 0.6 0.6 0.5
51. Health professions and related programs178 15 10 15 3.3 4.2 7.0 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8 35,775 4,845 30,935 8.9 2.5 15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 35 140 0.0 0.0 0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2 940 465 475 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 45 25 25 9.9 10.4 11.6 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7 19,605 10,415 9,185 4.9 5.3 4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 20 0 20 4.4 0.0 9.3 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0 9,855 1,930 7,925 2.5 1.0 3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 100 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 155 35 0.0 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6 4,365 3,405 960 1.1 1.7 0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving 20 20 0 4.4 8.3 0.0 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2 5,085 4,830 255 1.3 2.5 0.1
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 455 240 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 401,000 196,530 204,475 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 160 110 45 35.2 45.8 20.9 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0 158,995 86,285 72,710 39.6 43.9 35.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 295 135 170 64.8 56.3 79.1 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0 242,005 110,245 131,760 60.4 56.1 64.4
Location of study inside Canada 285 125 160 62.6 52.1 74.4 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9 222,915 101,025 121,890 55.6 51.4 59.6
Same as province or territory of residence 145 70 80 31.9 29.2 37.2 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5 172,485 77,305 95,185 43.0 39.3 46.6
Different than province or territory of residence 145 55 80 31.9 22.9 37.2 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4 50,430 23,720 26,710 12.6 12.1 13.1
Location of study outside Canada182 10 10 0 2.2 4.2 0.0 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0 19,090 9,220 9,870 4.8 4.7 4.8
Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5 5,125 2,385 2,740 1.3 1.2 1.3
United States of America 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4 3,595 1,665 1,930 0.9 0.8 0.9
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2 245 70 175 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cuba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2 505 280 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2 110 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2 290 125 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6 4,185 2,255 1,935 1.0 1.1 0.9
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4 585 315 270 0.1 0.2 0.1
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 315 160 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0 185 115 70 0.0 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2 140 90 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2 275 120 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2 565 300 265 0.1 0.2 0.1
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7 1,360 770 590 0.3 0.4 0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3 320 170 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1 2,095 1,105 990 0.5 0.6 0.5
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2 430 195 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 240 135 105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2 330 170 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1 155 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3 705 390 315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6 7,335 3,320 4,020 1.8 1.7 2.0
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4 185 100 85 0.0 0.1 0.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1 925 415 510 0.2 0.2 0.2
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3 630 315 315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Philippines 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9 2,325 920 1,400 0.6 0.5 0.7
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1 265 100 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1 1,800 910 885 0.4 0.5 0.4
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4 360 140 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2 345 155 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2 270 110 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Zealand 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 835 425 415 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ... 648,245 316,950 331,300 ... ... ...
In the labour force 505 280 230 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ... 389,465 200,685 188,785 ... ... ...
Employed 460 250 210 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ... 349,215 177,080 172,130 ... ... ...
Unemployed 45 30 15 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ... 40,255 23,600 16,655 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 330 145 185 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ... 258,780 116,265 142,515 ... ... ...
Participation rate 60.5 65.9 55.4 60.5 65.9 55.4 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8 60.1 63.3 57.0 60.1 63.3 57.0
Employment rate 55.1 58.8 50.6 55.1 58.8 50.6 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4 53.9 55.9 52.0 53.9 55.9 52.0
Unemployment rate 8.9 10.7 6.5 8.9 10.7 6.5 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 11.8 8.8 10.3 11.8 8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 835 425 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0 648,245 316,950 331,295 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 340 160 180 40.7 37.6 43.9 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4 252,745 112,345 140,405 39.0 35.4 42.4
Worked 500 270 235 59.9 63.5 57.3 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6 395,505 204,610 190,895 61.0 64.6 57.6
Worked full year full time187 300 180 120 35.9 42.4 29.3 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3 209,200 112,365 96,840 32.3 35.5 29.2
Worked part year and/or part time188 205 95 115 24.6 22.4 28.0 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3 186,295 92,245 94,050 28.7 29.1 28.4
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.7 42.6 40.8 41.7 42.6 40.8 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3 40.6 40.5 40.7 40.6 40.5 40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 505 285 225 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 389,470 200,685 188,785 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 10 10 0 2.0 3.5 0.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 7,970 4,250 3,720 2.0 2.1 2.0
All classes of workers191 495 275 225 98.0 96.5 100.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 381,500 196,430 185,070 98.0 97.9 98.0
Employee 395 205 195 78.2 71.9 86.7 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1 343,625 173,445 170,180 88.2 86.4 90.1
Permanent position 320 155 165 63.4 54.4 73.3 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9 269,290 134,455 134,835 69.1 67.0 71.4
Temporary position 80 45 30 15.8 15.8 13.3 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1 74,330 38,990 35,345 19.1 19.4 18.7
Fixed term (1 year or more) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2 16,785 7,740 9,045 4.3 3.9 4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 75 45 30 14.9 15.8 13.3 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9 57,545 31,245 26,300 14.8 15.6 13.9
Self-employed192 105 65 35 20.8 22.8 15.6 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2 37,875 22,990 14,890 9.7 11.5 7.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 505 285 225 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 389,470 200,685 188,785 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 10 10 0 2.0 3.5 0.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 7,970 4,250 3,720 2.0 2.1 2.0
All occupations191 495 275 225 98.0 96.5 100.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 381,500 196,430 185,070 98.0 97.9 98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8 3,630 2,340 1,290 0.9 1.2 0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 70 30 45 13.9 10.5 20.0 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2 58,480 16,915 41,565 15.0 8.4 22.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 20 10 10 4.0 3.5 4.4 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2 24,220 18,880 5,335 6.2 9.4 2.8
3 Health occupations 35 10 25 6.9 3.5 11.1 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0 34,745 5,650 29,095 8.9 2.8 15.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 60 20 35 11.9 7.0 15.6 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0 51,285 17,825 33,460 13.2 8.9 17.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 25 15 15 5.0 5.3 6.7 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5 7,685 3,505 4,180 2.0 1.7 2.2
6 Sales and service occupations 120 55 65 23.8 19.3 28.9 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5 101,215 43,020 58,200 26.0 21.4 30.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 80 80 0 15.8 28.1 0.0 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1 67,570 62,980 4,590 17.3 31.4 2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 60 45 15 11.9 15.8 6.7 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3 13,690 11,320 2,375 3.5 5.6 1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 25 10 10 5.0 3.5 4.4 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6 18,970 13,995 4,980 4.9 7.0 2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 505 285 225 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 389,470 200,685 188,785 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 10 10 0 2.0 3.5 0.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 7,970 4,250 3,720 2.0 2.1 2.0
All industries191 495 275 225 98.0 96.5 100.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 381,500 196,430 185,070 98.0 97.9 98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 65 45 20 12.9 15.8 8.9 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5 14,815 11,445 3,375 3.8 5.7 1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5 3,295 2,795 500 0.8 1.4 0.3
22 Utilities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4 3,935 3,155 780 1.0 1.6 0.4
23 Construction 25 25 0 5.0 8.8 0.0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2 27,805 24,930 2,875 7.1 12.4 1.5
31-33 Manufacturing 20 20 0 4.0 7.0 0.0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8 30,525 22,370 8,160 7.8 11.1 4.3
41 Wholesale trade 25 15 15 5.0 5.3 6.7 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2 9,265 6,750 2,515 2.4 3.4 1.3
44-45 Retail trade 50 35 15 9.9 12.3 6.7 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1 45,920 21,635 24,290 11.8 10.8 12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 15 15 0 3.0 5.3 0.0 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6 18,515 13,765 4,750 4.8 6.9 2.5
51 Information and cultural industries 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8 6,530 3,845 2,680 1.7 1.9 1.4
52 Finance and insurance 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 4.4 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9 13,155 4,650 8,510 3.4 2.3 4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7 4,095 2,405 1,685 1.1 1.2 0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 20 0 15 4.0 0.0 6.7 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5 19,215 10,925 8,295 4.9 5.4 4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3 580 265 310 0.1 0.1 0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 20 10 0 4.0 3.5 0.0 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6 16,885 9,765 7,115 4.3 4.9 3.8
61 Educational services 35 10 20 6.9 3.5 8.9 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6 28,650 8,590 20,065 7.4 4.3 10.6
62 Health care and social assistance 60 20 40 11.9 7.0 17.8 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4 56,515 9,735 46,780 14.5 4.9 24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 20 10 0 4.0 3.5 0.0 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8 6,020 3,280 2,740 1.5 1.6 1.5
72 Accommodation and food services 40 15 20 7.9 5.3 8.9 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6 23,345 8,665 14,680 6.0 4.3 7.8
81 Other services (except public administration) 25 15 10 5.0 5.3 4.4 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6 17,185 8,720 8,460 4.4 4.3 4.5
91 Public administration 60 25 35 11.9 8.8 15.6 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4 35,260 18,755 16,500 9.1 9.3 8.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 545 295 250 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 423,255 218,175 205,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 500 275 225 91.7 93.2 90.0 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8 284,045 150,490 133,555 67.1 69.0 65.1
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8 63,250 31,590 31,660 14.9 14.5 15.4
Non-official language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8 390 235 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8 345 205 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 35 10 25 6.4 3.4 10.0 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3 72,790 34,460 38,325 17.2 15.8 18.7
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8 2,330 1,200 1,130 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4 415 180 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 545 295 250 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 423,255 218,175 205,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 540 295 245 99.1 100.0 98.0 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8 406,995 210,720 196,275 96.2 96.6 95.7
Official languages 535 290 245 98.2 98.3 98.0 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3 406,235 210,290 195,945 96.0 96.4 95.5
English 535 290 245 98.2 98.3 98.0 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5 317,530 166,790 150,735 75.0 76.4 73.5
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7 88,700 43,500 45,200 21.0 19.9 22.0
Non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5 765 430 335 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 90 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4 610 335 275 0.1 0.2 0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 40 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 40 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5 275 135 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1 135 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4 120 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2 16,255 7,455 8,800 3.8 3.4 4.3
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6 15,615 7,125 8,485 3.7 3.3 4.1
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6 600 300 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 545 295 250 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 423,255 218,175 205,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 505 275 225 92.7 93.2 90.0 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5 363,825 189,715 174,115 86.0 87.0 84.9
English 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3 25,730 12,055 13,680 6.1 5.5 6.7
French 35 10 20 6.4 3.4 8.0 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0 31,880 15,515 16,365 7.5 7.1 8.0
Non-official language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6 1,430 720 705 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1 320 155 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5 1,105 565 540 0.3 0.3 0.3
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1 210 75 135 0.0 0.0 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 465 250 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0 349,215 177,080 172,130 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 140 60 80 30.1 24.0 37.2 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8 55,620 25,955 29,660 15.9 14.7 17.2
Worked outside Canada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2 870 605 265 0.2 0.3 0.2
No fixed workplace address 55 35 25 11.8 14.0 11.6 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6 46,450 34,280 12,165 13.3 19.4 7.1
Usual place of work 265 155 110 57.0 62.0 51.2 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4 246,275 116,240 130,035 70.5 65.6 75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 265 155 110 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 246,275 116,240 130,035 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 55 30 30 20.8 19.4 27.3 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4 115,805 52,670 63,130 47.0 45.3 48.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 145 70 65 54.7 45.2 59.1 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1 84,010 38,685 45,325 34.1 33.3 34.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8 43,000 22,535 20,460 17.5 19.4 15.7
Commute to a different province or territory 60 50 10 22.6 32.3 9.1 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7 3,465 2,345 1,120 1.4 2.0 0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 320 190 130 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 292,725 150,515 142,205 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 300 175 125 93.8 92.1 96.2 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1 269,215 138,920 130,295 92.0 92.3 91.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver 285 170 115 89.1 89.5 88.5 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8 245,720 129,520 116,200 83.9 86.1 81.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 10 0 10 3.1 0.0 7.7 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3 23,500 9,400 14,100 8.0 6.2 9.9
Public transit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6 4,345 1,975 2,370 1.5 1.3 1.7
Walked 15 10 0 4.7 5.3 0.0 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2 12,305 5,775 6,530 4.2 3.8 4.6
Bicycle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8 1,130 815 315 0.4 0.5 0.2
Other method 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3 5,725 3,035 2,685 2.0 2.0 1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 320 190 130 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 292,725 150,515 142,205 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 95 55 40 29.7 28.9 30.8 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2 131,495 62,880 68,615 44.9 41.8 48.3
15 to 29 minutes 120 60 60 37.5 31.6 46.2 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3 104,705 53,100 51,605 35.8 35.3 36.3
30 to 44 minutes 65 50 20 20.3 26.3 15.4 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0 34,810 20,010 14,800 11.9 13.3 10.4
45 to 59 minutes 15 10 0 4.7 5.3 0.0 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1 11,180 6,685 4,500 3.8 4.4 3.2
60 minutes and over 25 15 10 7.8 7.9 7.7 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4 10,530 7,850 2,685 3.6 5.2 1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 320 190 130 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 292,725 150,515 142,205 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 25 15 10 7.8 7.9 7.7 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9 16,430 12,045 4,385 5.6 8.0 3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 50 15 30 15.6 7.9 23.1 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4 47,295 28,970 18,325 16.2 19.2 12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 100 70 30 31.3 36.8 23.1 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5 97,985 49,495 48,495 33.5 32.9 34.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 70 50 20 21.9 26.3 15.4 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2 63,160 26,475 36,685 21.6 17.6 25.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 20 0 10 6.3 0.0 7.7 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3 26,670 10,215 16,450 9.1 6.8 11.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 65 40 25 20.3 21.1 19.2 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7 41,180 23,315 17,865 14.1 15.5 12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 180 95 85 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 137,000 70,185 66,820 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 20 15 5 11.1 15.8 5.9 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4 49,335 25,270 24,065 36.0 36.0 36.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 160 85 75 88.9 89.5 88.2 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6 87,660 44,910 42,755 64.0 64.0 64.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 145 80 65 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0 102,270 52,330 49,940 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 15 10 5 10.3 12.5 7.7 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9 37,215 19,045 18,165 36.4 36.4 36.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 10 0 5 6.9 0.0 7.7 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9 29,975 15,305 14,680 29.3 29.2 29.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 10 10 0 6.9 12.5 0.0 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9 7,235 3,745 3,495 7.1 7.2 7.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 130 75 60 89.7 93.8 92.3 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1 65,055 33,290 31,775 63.6 63.6 63.6

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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