Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
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Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Language used most often at work
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Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
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Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Westmorland, Parish (P)More information:
New Brunswick
[Census subdivision]
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[Country]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 997 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ... 510,550 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 908 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ... 519,716 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 9.8 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ... - 1.8 ... ... - 1.8 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 570 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ... 269,184 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 419 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ... 223,253 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 5.8 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 173.27 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ... 358,170.37 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 995 515 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 510,550 250,075 260,475 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 150 80 70 15.1 15.5 14.6 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6 68,190 35,050 33,140 13.4 14.0 12.7
0 to 4 years 35 15 20 3.5 2.9 4.2 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8 18,985 9,760 9,225 3.7 3.9 3.5
5 to 9 years 40 25 20 4.0 4.9 4.2 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3 23,030 11,750 11,280 4.5 4.7 4.3
10 to 14 years 75 45 35 7.5 8.7 7.3 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5 26,175 13,535 12,640 5.1 5.4 4.9
15 to 64 years 585 305 280 58.8 59.2 58.3 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2 321,750 158,345 163,405 63.0 63.3 62.7
15 to 19 years 40 25 15 4.0 4.9 3.1 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2 25,720 13,275 12,445 5.0 5.3 4.8
20 to 24 years 45 25 25 4.5 4.9 5.2 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7 26,075 13,555 12,515 5.1 5.4 4.8
25 to 29 years 30 10 20 3.0 1.9 4.2 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4 25,045 12,610 12,440 4.9 5.0 4.8
30 to 34 years 40 25 15 4.0 4.9 3.1 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7 27,525 13,520 14,005 5.4 5.4 5.4
35 to 39 years 55 30 30 5.5 5.8 6.3 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8 29,445 14,205 15,240 5.8 5.7 5.9
40 to 44 years 65 25 35 6.5 4.9 7.3 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5 30,890 14,775 16,115 6.1 5.9 6.2
45 to 49 years 60 35 20 6.0 6.8 4.2 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3 33,995 16,485 17,510 6.7 6.6 6.7
50 to 54 years 60 35 30 6.0 6.8 6.3 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4 38,375 18,685 19,685 7.5 7.5 7.6
55 to 59 years 90 50 45 9.0 9.7 9.4 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2 42,150 20,530 21,615 8.3 8.2 8.3
60 to 64 years 95 55 40 9.5 10.7 8.3 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0 42,520 20,695 21,830 8.3 8.3 8.4
65 years and over 260 130 130 26.1 25.2 27.1 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2 120,610 56,680 63,930 23.6 22.7 24.5
65 to 69 years 100 40 60 10.1 7.8 12.5 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1 40,450 19,715 20,735 7.9 7.9 8.0
70 to 74 years 70 35 40 7.0 6.8 8.3 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2 34,405 16,600 17,805 6.7 6.6 6.8
75 to 79 years 45 30 15 4.5 5.8 3.1 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6 22,365 10,585 11,780 4.4 4.2 4.5
80 to 84 years 25 15 10 2.5 2.9 2.1 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5 13,240 5,960 7,280 2.6 2.4 2.8
85 years and over 20 10 10 2.0 1.9 2.1 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9 10,155 3,820 6,335 2.0 1.5 2.4
85 to 89 years 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7 6,745 2,835 3,910 1.3 1.1 1.5
90 to 94 years 5 5 5 0.5 1.0 1.0 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9 2,710 835 1,880 0.5 0.3 0.7
95 to 99 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3 620 135 485 0.1 0.1 0.2
100 years and over 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 15 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.1 15.5 14.6 15.1 15.5 14.6 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6 13.4 14.0 12.7 13.4 14.0 12.7
15 to 64 years 58.8 59.2 58.3 58.8 59.2 58.3 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2 63.0 63.3 62.7 63.0 63.3 62.7
65 years and over 26.1 25.2 27.1 26.1 25.2 27.1 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2 23.6 22.7 24.5 23.6 22.7 24.5
85 years and over 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.0 1.5 2.4 2.0 1.5 2.4
Average age of the population 46.7 47.0 46.5 46.7 47.0 46.5 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8 45.5 44.7 46.3 45.5 44.7 46.3
Median age of the population 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8 48.4 47.6 49.2 48.4 47.6 49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,255 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 390 ... ... 92.9 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ... 161,410 ... ... 72.3 ... ...
Semi-detached house 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 8,695 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Row house 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 10,770 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 27,535 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ... 12,325 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 810 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
Other single-attached house 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 410 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 1,295 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 100 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 62,290 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
2 persons 180 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ... 90,925 ... ... 40.7 ... ...
3 persons 65 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 35,080 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
4 persons 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 25,555 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 9,400 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 985 510 475 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,180 255,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 850 440 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 442,360 215,025 227,335 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 555 275 280 65.3 62.5 68.3 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6 266,210 132,975 133,230 60.2 61.8 58.6
Married 455 225 225 53.5 51.1 54.9 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3 217,395 108,630 108,765 49.1 50.5 47.8
Living common-law 100 50 55 11.8 11.4 13.4 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3 48,815 24,345 24,470 11.0 11.3 10.8
Living common law - Never married 55 30 30 6.5 6.8 7.3 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4 36,680 18,205 18,475 8.3 8.5 8.1
Living common law - Separated 15 10 5 1.8 2.3 1.2 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,495 790 710 0.3 0.4 0.3
Living common law - Divorced 30 15 15 3.5 3.4 3.7 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2 9,220 4,730 4,485 2.1 2.2 2.0
Living common law - Widowed 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,420 625 800 0.3 0.3 0.4
Not married and not living common-law 295 160 130 34.7 36.4 31.7 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4 176,150 82,050 94,100 39.8 38.2 41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married 185 105 80 21.8 23.9 19.5 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2 112,120 60,560 51,555 25.3 28.2 22.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated 20 20 10 2.4 4.5 2.4 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7 9,275 4,105 5,170 2.1 1.9 2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 45 25 20 5.3 5.7 4.9 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3 24,040 10,390 13,650 5.4 4.8 6.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 35 15 25 4.1 3.4 6.1 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2 30,715 6,990 23,725 6.9 3.3 10.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 315 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 155,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 195 ... ... 61.9 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ... 92,630 ... ... 59.5 ... ...
3 persons 50 ... ... 15.9 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 33,290 ... ... 21.4 ... ...
4 persons 45 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 23,460 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
5 or more persons 15 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 6,385 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 315 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 155,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 270 ... ... 85.7 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ... 131,220 ... ... 84.2 ... ...
Married couples 220 ... ... 69.8 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ... 106,815 ... ... 68.6 ... ...
With children6 75 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 44,510 ... ... 28.6 ... ...
Without children 145 ... ... 46.0 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 62,305 ... ... 40.0 ... ...
Common-law couples 55 ... ... 17.5 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 24,410 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
With children6 15 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 9,890 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
Without children 30 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 14,520 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
Total one-parent families 45 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 24,550 ... ... 15.8 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 25 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 19,165 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 20 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 5,390 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 985 510 475 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,180 255,915 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 835 420 415 84.8 82.4 87.4 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8 412,540 204,540 208,000 82.2 83.1 81.3
Married spouses or common-law partners 540 265 275 54.8 52.0 57.9 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6 262,445 131,075 131,365 52.3 53.2 51.3
Parents in one-parent families 40 15 25 4.1 2.9 5.3 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1 24,545 5,385 19,165 4.9 2.2 7.5
Children6 245 135 115 24.9 26.5 24.2 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1 125,550 68,075 57,475 25.0 27.7 22.5
In a two-parent family 175 85 85 17.8 16.7 17.9 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6 89,780 48,510 41,265 17.9 19.7 16.1
In a one-parent family 75 45 30 7.6 8.8 6.3 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5 35,775 19,560 16,210 7.1 7.9 6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 155 95 60 15.7 18.6 12.6 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2 89,555 41,640 47,915 17.8 16.9 18.7
Living alone 100 60 40 10.2 11.8 8.4 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8 62,290 27,780 34,505 12.4 11.3 13.5
Living with other relatives7 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9 10,565 4,510 6,055 2.1 1.8 2.4
Living with non-relatives only 40 25 15 4.1 4.9 3.2 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5 16,705 9,350 7,350 3.3 3.8 2.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,255 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 275 ... ... 65.5 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ... 142,615 ... ... 63.9 ... ...
Couple-family households 245 ... ... 58.3 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ... 122,700 ... ... 55.0 ... ...
With children6 90 ... ... 21.4 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ... 50,825 ... ... 22.8 ... ...
Without children 155 ... ... 36.9 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 71,875 ... ... 32.2 ... ...
One-parent-family households 30 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 19,915 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 4,405 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 680 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 5,150 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 8,115 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
One-person households 100 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 62,290 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 840 430 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,960 211,160 222,800 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 810 415 390 96.4 96.5 95.1 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5 420,110 204,470 215,640 96.8 96.8 96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 35,200 37,600 32,800 35,200 37,600 32,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 36,800 42,000 32,400 36,800 42,000 32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 810 415 390 96.4 96.5 95.1 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5 420,245 204,535 215,710 96.8 96.9 96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,600 34,000 31,000 31,600 34,000 31,000 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600 33,200 37,200 29,800 33,200 37,200 29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 690 360 340 82.1 83.7 82.9 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2 344,460 173,270 171,185 79.4 82.1 76.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 26,000 28,800 23,000 26,000 28,800 23,000 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200 30,400 36,000 25,800 30,400 36,000 25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 540 290 250 64.3 67.4 61.0 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1 281,445 143,845 137,600 64.9 68.1 61.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,000 32,000 29,200 31,000 32,000 29,200 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000 31,600 37,600 27,400 31,600 37,600 27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 675 335 340 80.4 77.9 82.9 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2 348,520 160,975 187,545 80.3 76.2 84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 13,500 14,400 12,700 13,500 14,400 12,700 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000 14,100 15,400 13,100 14,100 15,400 13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 145 80 65 17.3 18.6 15.9 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6 94,175 52,465 41,710 21.7 24.8 18.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,650 7,350 6,500 6,650 7,350 6,500 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720 9,000 10,700 7,400 9,000 10,700 7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 185 90 90 22.0 20.9 22.0 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4 108,460 53,620 54,845 25.0 25.4 24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,000 7,250 6,240 7,000 7,250 6,240 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 815 410 405 97.0 96.5 97.6 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5 420,035 204,425 215,615 96.8 96.8 96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,700 48,800 32,400 40,700 48,800 32,400 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560 48,440 56,000 41,280 48,440 56,000 41,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 815 410 405 97.0 96.5 97.6 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5 420,205 204,500 215,705 96.8 96.8 96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 35,700 42,200 28,900 35,700 42,200 28,900 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680 40,120 45,280 35,200 40,120 45,280 35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 705 365 340 83.9 85.9 81.9 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2 344,305 172,860 171,440 79.3 81.9 77.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 34,000 42,400 25,100 34,000 42,400 25,100 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000 44,960 52,600 37,240 44,960 52,600 37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 560 295 255 66.7 69.4 61.4 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0 281,460 143,435 138,025 64.9 67.9 62.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 35,600 41,600 28,600 35,600 41,600 28,600 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000 45,520 52,900 37,840 45,520 52,900 37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 675 335 340 80.4 78.8 81.9 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2 348,550 160,890 187,660 80.3 76.2 84.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 13,560 13,950 13,250 13,560 13,950 13,250 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060 13,980 14,660 13,400 13,980 14,660 13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 140 75 70 16.7 17.6 16.9 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6 93,945 52,210 41,730 21.6 24.7 18.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,200 9,600 8,800 9,200 9,600 8,800 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370 10,560 11,390 9,520 10,560 11,390 9,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 180 80 100 21.4 18.8 24.1 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3 107,225 52,880 54,340 24.7 25.0 24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,700 9,800 7,800 8,700 9,800 7,800 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,510 8,410 8,590 8,510 8,410 8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,780 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 280 160 120 33.3 37.6 28.9 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6 117,415 58,570 58,845 27.1 27.7 26.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 45,600 54,000 41,200 45,600 54,000 41,200 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000 62,000 71,000 54,400 62,000 71,000 54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 50,400 55,600 44,000 50,400 55,600 44,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 74,100 85,300 63,000 74,100 85,300 63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 190 90 105 22.6 21.2 25.3 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7 125,435 65,115 60,315 28.9 30.8 27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,200 17,200 16,200 16,200 17,200 16,200 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600 17,000 21,000 14,300 17,000 21,000 14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,200 30,400 18,800 24,200 30,400 18,800 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860 28,280 34,680 21,340 28,280 34,680 21,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 72.4 77.0 65.5 72.4 77.0 65.5 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8 76.0 79.4 71.8 76.0 79.4 71.8
Employment income (%)19 59.6 62.0 56.0 59.6 62.0 56.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7 63.0 66.2 58.7 63.0 66.2 58.7
Government transfers (%)20 27.7 23.2 34.4 27.7 23.2 34.4 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1 24.0 20.6 28.3 24.0 20.6 28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%) 3.9 3.4 4.4 3.9 3.4 4.4 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.9 5.2 4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.8 4.8 7.3 5.8 4.8 7.3 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.2 4.4 6.3 5.2 4.4 6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 4.0 5.8 4.7 4.0 5.8 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.5 3.9 5.3 4.5 3.9 5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 840 430 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,165 222,795 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 30 15 15 3.6 3.5 3.7 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5 13,850 6,695 7,160 3.2 3.2 3.2
With total income 810 420 395 96.4 97.7 97.5 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5 420,105 204,470 215,640 96.8 96.8 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 65 35 35 8.0 8.3 8.9 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2 33,110 13,365 19,740 7.9 6.5 9.2
$10,000 to $19,999 125 60 65 15.4 14.3 16.5 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4 58,585 22,825 35,755 13.9 11.2 16.6
$20,000 to $29,999 155 80 70 19.1 19.0 17.7 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5 76,150 33,170 42,985 18.1 16.2 19.9
$30,000 to $39,999 130 60 70 16.0 14.3 17.7 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9 60,370 27,370 33,000 14.4 13.4 15.3
$40,000 to $49,999 115 50 65 14.2 11.9 16.5 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8 49,770 24,100 25,675 11.8 11.8 11.9
$50,000 to $59,999 80 45 35 9.9 10.7 8.9 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2 35,470 18,230 17,240 8.4 8.9 8.0
$60,000 to $69,999 35 25 15 4.3 6.0 3.8 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6 25,270 14,110 11,165 6.0 6.9 5.2
$70,000 to $79,999 30 20 10 3.7 4.8 2.5 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7 18,730 11,075 7,655 4.5 5.4 3.5
$80,000 to $89,999 30 15 10 3.7 3.6 2.5 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6 14,360 8,340 6,025 3.4 4.1 2.8
$90,000 to $99,999 15 10 5 1.9 2.4 1.3 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8 12,190 6,490 5,705 2.9 3.2 2.6
$100,000 and over 25 20 5 3.1 4.8 1.3 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3 36,100 25,390 10,705 8.6 12.4 5.0
$100,000 to $149,999 20 10 10 2.5 2.4 2.5 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2 24,300 16,195 8,100 5.8 7.9 3.8
$150,000 and over 10 5 0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0 11,800 9,195 2,605 2.8 4.5 1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 840 430 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,165 222,795 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 30 15 15 3.6 3.5 3.7 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5 13,715 6,630 7,085 3.2 3.1 3.2
With after-tax income 810 420 395 96.4 97.7 97.5 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5 420,240 204,530 215,710 96.8 96.9 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 70 35 40 8.6 8.3 10.1 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8 34,805 13,790 21,020 8.3 6.7 9.7
$10,000 to $19,999 125 60 65 15.4 14.3 16.5 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0 61,075 23,935 37,140 14.5 11.7 17.2
$20,000 to $29,999 170 90 85 21.0 21.4 21.5 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9 90,885 40,070 50,820 21.6 19.6 23.6
$30,000 to $39,999 175 85 95 21.6 20.2 24.1 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1 70,360 33,440 36,920 16.7 16.3 17.1
$40,000 to $49,999 120 65 60 14.8 15.5 15.2 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1 53,695 27,250 26,445 12.8 13.3 12.3
$50,000 to $59,999 55 30 25 6.8 7.1 6.3 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1 35,135 19,635 15,505 8.4 9.6 7.2
$60,000 to $69,999 35 30 10 4.3 7.1 2.5 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1 23,040 13,290 9,750 5.5 6.5 4.5
$70,000 to $79,999 25 10 20 3.1 2.4 5.1 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1 17,395 9,435 7,955 4.1 4.6 3.7
$80,000 to $89,999 15 10 0 1.9 2.4 0.0 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9 10,510 6,455 4,060 2.5 3.2 1.9
$90,000 to $99,999 10 5 0 1.2 1.2 0.0 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6 6,710 4,575 2,135 1.6 2.2 1.0
$100,000 and over 10 5 0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3 16,635 12,660 3,975 4.0 6.2 1.8
$100,000 to $124,999 5 5 0 0.6 1.2 0.0 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8 8,830 6,685 2,145 2.1 3.3 1.0
$125,000 and over 5 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5 7,810 5,975 1,830 1.9 2.9 0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 840 430 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,165 222,795 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 295 145 155 35.1 33.7 38.3 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9 152,515 67,315 85,200 35.1 31.9 38.2
With employment income 540 285 255 64.3 66.3 63.0 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1 281,440 143,850 137,595 64.9 68.1 61.8
Under $5,000 (including loss) 90 50 45 16.7 17.5 17.6 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7 43,605 20,650 22,955 15.5 14.4 16.7
$5,000 to $9,999 40 20 20 7.4 7.0 7.8 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5 24,040 10,510 13,535 8.5 7.3 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 80 45 40 14.8 15.8 15.7 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4 39,050 18,065 20,980 13.9 12.6 15.2
$20,000 to $29,999 55 30 30 10.2 10.5 11.8 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4 29,510 13,885 15,630 10.5 9.7 11.4
$30,000 to $39,999 65 30 40 12.0 10.5 15.7 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8 24,920 11,660 13,255 8.9 8.1 9.6
$40,000 to $49,999 55 25 35 10.2 8.8 13.7 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4 23,160 11,130 12,030 8.2 7.7 8.7
$50,000 to $59,999 50 35 15 9.3 12.3 5.9 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8 18,900 9,605 9,300 6.7 6.7 6.8
$60,000 to $69,999 15 10 5 2.8 3.5 2.0 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0 15,375 8,650 6,725 5.5 6.0 4.9
$70,000 to $79,999 30 20 10 5.6 7.0 3.9 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5 12,830 7,455 5,375 4.6 5.2 3.9
$80,000 to $89,999 20 10 15 3.7 3.5 5.9 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8 10,865 6,125 4,745 3.9 4.3 3.4
$90,000 to $99,999 5 0 5 0.9 0.0 2.0 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1 10,060 5,140 4,920 3.6 3.6 3.6
$100,000 and over 20 20 5 3.7 7.0 2.0 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5 29,120 20,975 8,145 10.3 14.6 5.9
$100,000 to $124,999 15 10 0 2.8 3.5 0.0 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1 13,095 8,420 4,670 4.7 5.9 3.4
$125,000 and over 10 5 0 1.9 1.8 0.0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4 16,030 12,560 3,470 5.7 8.7 2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 840 430 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,960 211,160 222,800 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 790 405 385 94.0 94.2 93.9 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5 413,080 200,885 212,190 95.2 95.1 95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,600 36,400 31,200 33,600 36,400 31,200 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000 35,200 42,400 29,600 35,200 42,400 29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 790 405 385 94.0 94.2 93.9 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6 413,440 200,925 212,515 95.3 95.2 95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 32,000 28,000 30,400 32,000 28,000 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200 31,800 37,600 27,200 31,800 37,600 27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 685 350 335 81.5 81.4 81.7 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2 343,320 172,525 170,795 79.1 81.7 76.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 31,600 28,600 30,400 31,600 28,600 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 32,400 39,600 26,800 32,400 39,600 26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 540 285 260 64.3 66.3 63.4 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6 285,685 145,760 139,925 65.8 69.0 62.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,800 32,400 31,600 31,800 32,400 31,600 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800 33,600 41,600 27,600 33,600 41,600 27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 610 290 325 72.6 67.4 79.3 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6 317,925 144,350 173,580 73.3 68.4 77.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,900 12,900 9,400 10,900 12,900 9,400 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450 11,400 12,900 10,200 11,400 12,900 10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 120 60 55 14.3 14.0 13.4 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1 89,840 50,045 39,800 20.7 23.7 17.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,300 10,100 7,200 9,300 10,100 7,200 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960 9,900 11,100 8,600 9,900 11,100 8,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 800 405 395 95.2 95.3 95.2 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5 412,905 200,710 212,195 95.1 95.0 95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,400 47,000 31,800 39,400 47,000 31,800 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800 47,880 56,950 39,320 47,880 56,950 39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 800 405 395 95.2 95.3 95.2 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6 413,185 200,730 212,455 95.2 95.1 95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,300 40,000 28,600 34,300 40,000 28,600 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160 39,160 45,280 33,360 39,160 45,280 33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 715 365 350 85.1 85.9 84.3 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2 343,150 172,125 171,020 79.1 81.5 76.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,600 42,000 26,800 34,600 42,000 26,800 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320 46,960 56,150 37,720 46,960 56,150 37,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 575 310 265 68.5 72.9 63.9 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6 285,920 145,370 140,550 65.9 68.8 63.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 35,800 41,200 29,800 35,800 41,200 29,800 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800 47,600 56,600 38,280 47,600 56,600 38,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 640 295 345 76.2 69.4 83.1 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6 318,000 144,305 173,695 73.3 68.3 78.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,640 11,700 9,760 10,640 11,700 9,760 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800 11,520 12,280 10,890 11,520 12,280 10,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 115 40 75 13.7 9.4 18.1 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1 89,750 49,650 40,105 20.7 23.5 18.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,600 11,200 7,000 8,600 11,200 7,000 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210 10,810 11,570 9,860 10,810 11,570 9,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,780 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 280 160 120 33.3 37.6 28.9 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3 116,735 58,240 58,495 26.9 27.6 26.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 40,800 51,600 37,200 40,800 51,600 37,200 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600 59,600 69,000 51,600 59,600 69,000 51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 48,800 54,000 42,000 48,800 54,000 42,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250 71,900 83,400 60,550 71,900 83,400 60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 190 90 105 22.6 21.2 25.3 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0 118,095 61,650 56,445 27.2 29.2 25.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 18,000 23,400 18,000 18,000 23,400 18,000 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800 21,800 28,000 17,400 21,800 28,000 17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,200 30,800 22,000 26,200 30,800 22,000 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,600 44,720 25,680 35,600 44,720 25,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 78.4 82.0 73.5 78.4 82.0 73.5 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 81.4 84.4 77.4 81.4 84.4 77.4
Employment income (%) 65.0 67.0 63.0 65.0 67.0 63.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2 68.8 72.0 64.6 68.8 72.0 64.6
Government transfers (%) 21.6 18.4 26.4 21.6 18.4 26.4 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9 18.5 15.5 22.7 18.5 15.5 22.7
Employment insurance benefits (%) 3.1 2.4 4.0 3.1 2.4 4.0 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 420 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ... 223,250 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 66,500 ... ... 66,500 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 71,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 60,400 ... ... 60,400 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 63,200 ... ... 63,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 100 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ... 62,290 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 32,800 ... ... 32,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 33,200 ... ... 33,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 29,200 ... ... 29,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 30,400 ... ... 30,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 320 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ... 160,965 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 70,500 ... ... 70,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 415 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ... 223,250 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 80,400 ... ... 80,400 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 91,100 ... ... 91,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 70,400 ... ... 70,400 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 105 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ... 62,255 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,000 ... ... 36,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 44,600 ... ... 44,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 31,200 ... ... 31,200 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 37,720 ... ... 37,720 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 305 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ... 161,000 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 109,100 ... ... 109,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 90,100 ... ... 90,100 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 1,205 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 1,940 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 3,955 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 4,225 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 13,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 8,965 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 11,210 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 11,940 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 9,905 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 9,105 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 35 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 17,255 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 50 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 15,890 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 35 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 14,840 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 13,500 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 30 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 11,845 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 105 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ... 73,915 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 50 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 23,090 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 16,110 ... ... 7.2 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 19,040 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
$200,000 and over 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 15,670 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 1,325 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 1,990 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 5 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 4,010 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 4,420 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 14,530 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 10,570 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 12,420 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 13,505 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 11,555 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 10,590 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 20,725 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 19,100 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 45 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 17,215 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 30 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 14,690 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 12,220 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
$100,000 and over 65 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ... 54,400 ... ... 24.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 35 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 22,095 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 13,900 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$150,000 and over 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ... 18,400 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 305 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ... 155,065 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 75,000 ... ... 75,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 160 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ... 72,470 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 66,000 ... ... 66,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 76,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 60,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 100 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ... 55,360 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 131,000 ... ... 131,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 35 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ... 22,810 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,500 ... ... 64,500 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 57,600 ... ... 57,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,000 ... ... 58,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 53,600 ... ... 53,600 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 140 90 55 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ... 78,990 37,135 41,860 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 33,600 30,800 34,400 33,600 30,800 34,400 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800 32,400 34,400 30,400 32,400 34,400 30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 29,400 29,400 31,000 29,400 29,400 31,000 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 29,600 31,200 28,600 29,600 31,200 28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 305 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ... 155,085 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 109,400 ... ... 109,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 90,200 ... ... 90,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 150 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ... 72,460 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 92,100 ... ... 92,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 68,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 76,600 ... ... 76,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 115 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ... 55,455 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 128,000 ... ... 128,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 149,400 ... ... 149,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 120,200 ... ... 120,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 30 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ... 22,715 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 68,800 ... ... 68,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 60,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 60,550 ... ... 60,550 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 120 75 45 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ... 79,130 36,820 42,310 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 36,500 42,000 30,000 36,500 42,000 30,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880 42,640 45,800 39,880 42,640 45,800 39,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 32,000 36,000 26,000 32,000 36,000 26,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120 36,280 38,160 34,640 36,280 38,160 34,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 985 510 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,180 255,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 175 95 85 17.8 18.6 17.7 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0 83,475 43,000 40,475 16.6 17.5 15.8
0 to 5 years 40 15 25 4.1 2.9 5.2 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9 23,495 12,075 11,420 4.7 4.9 4.5
18 to 64 years 545 290 265 55.3 56.9 55.2 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9 303,880 148,535 155,345 60.5 60.3 60.7
65 years and over 260 130 130 26.4 25.5 27.1 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1 114,740 54,650 60,100 22.9 22.2 23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 135 70 70 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ... 76,355 34,610 41,745 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 20 10 10 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ... 12,860 6,710 6,160 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 5 5 0 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ... 4,075 2,150 1,930 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 55 25 25 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ... 34,385 15,670 18,715 ... ... ...
65 years and over 60 25 30 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ... 29,105 12,230 16,875 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 13.6 12.8 14.4 13.6 12.8 14.4 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6 15.2 14.1 16.3 15.2 14.1 16.3
0 to 17 years (%) 11.0 10.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 15.4 15.6 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.2
0 to 5 years (%) 16.0 x x 16.0 x x 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 17.3 17.8 16.9 17.3 17.8 16.9
18 to 64 years (%) 10.4 10.0 11.0 10.4 10.0 11.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9 11.3 10.6 12.1 11.3 10.6 12.1
65 years and over (%) 22.0 20.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 24.0 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9 25.4 22.4 28.1 25.4 22.4 28.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 985 510 475 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 499,080 244,690 254,385 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 180 90 85 18.3 17.6 17.9 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9 82,500 42,530 39,975 16.5 17.4 15.7
0 to 5 years 40 15 25 4.1 2.9 5.3 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8 23,165 11,925 11,240 4.6 4.9 4.4
18 to 64 years 545 285 260 55.3 55.9 54.7 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0 302,020 147,620 154,400 60.5 60.3 60.7
65 years and over 260 130 130 26.4 25.5 27.4 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2 114,555 54,540 60,015 23.0 22.3 23.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 35 20 15 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ... 18,330 9,235 9,095 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 5 0 5 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ... 2,780 1,460 1,325 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 0 0 0 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ... 880 460 420 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 25 15 10 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ... 14,335 7,315 7,020 ... ... ...
65 years and over 5 0 0 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ... 1,210 460 750 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 3.6 4.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.2 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.6
0 to 17 years (%) x x x x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3
0 to 5 years (%) x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7
18 to 64 years (%) 4.8 6.0 4.0 4.8 6.0 4.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.6
65 years and over (%) x x x x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 985 510 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,180 255,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 710 360 350 72.1 70.6 72.9 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1 285,935 136,320 149,615 56.9 55.4 58.5
In bottom decile 120 60 60 12.2 11.8 12.5 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2 60,890 28,000 32,890 12.1 11.4 12.9
In second decile 135 75 60 13.7 14.7 12.5 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5 66,785 30,990 35,795 13.3 12.6 14.0
In third decile 190 95 95 19.3 18.6 19.8 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2 56,155 27,020 29,135 11.2 11.0 11.4
In fourth decile 160 80 80 16.2 15.7 16.7 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1 52,920 25,880 27,040 10.5 10.5 10.6
In fifth decile 105 50 60 10.7 9.8 12.5 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0 49,185 24,430 24,750 9.8 9.9 9.7
In top half of the distribution 275 150 125 27.9 29.4 26.0 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9 216,160 109,860 106,305 43.1 44.6 41.5
In sixth decile 80 45 30 8.1 8.8 6.3 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9 48,170 24,170 24,000 9.6 9.8 9.4
In seventh decile 75 45 35 7.6 8.8 7.3 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9 46,145 23,345 22,800 9.2 9.5 8.9
In eighth decile 55 25 30 5.6 4.9 6.3 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8 44,630 22,560 22,065 8.9 9.2 8.6
In ninth decile 50 25 20 5.1 4.9 4.2 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7 42,135 21,590 20,550 8.4 8.8 8.0
In top decile 20 10 10 2.0 2.0 2.1 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6 35,080 18,190 16,890 7.0 7.4 6.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 985 ... ... 985 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 502,095 ... ... 502,095 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.281 ... ... 0.281 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.338 ... ... 0.338 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.451 ... ... 0.451 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.495 ... ... 0.495 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.249 ... ... 0.249 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.290 ... ... 0.290 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 855 455 400 85.5 87.5 83.3 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1 477,900 236,245 241,655 94.7 95.5 93.9
French only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7 130 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 135 65 75 13.5 12.5 15.6 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0 25,945 10,665 15,280 5.1 4.3 5.9
Neither English nor French 5 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2 830 425 405 0.2 0.2 0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 960 495 465 96.0 95.2 96.9 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2 501,645 245,775 255,865 99.4 99.3 99.4
French 40 20 15 4.0 3.8 3.1 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4 2,110 1,110 1,005 0.4 0.4 0.4
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3 345 165 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Neither English nor French 5 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1 705 345 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 990 510 475 99.0 98.1 99.0 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9 501,425 245,740 255,690 99.3 99.3 99.3
Official languages 950 490 465 95.0 94.2 96.9 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9 488,775 239,145 249,625 96.8 96.7 97.0
English 915 470 450 91.5 90.4 93.8 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3 486,560 238,020 248,540 96.4 96.2 96.6
French 40 25 15 4.0 4.8 3.1 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6 2,215 1,130 1,085 0.4 0.5 0.4
Non-official languages 35 25 15 3.5 4.8 3.1 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0 12,655 6,595 6,065 2.5 2.7 2.4
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,835 860 980 0.4 0.3 0.4
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,580 745 840 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,580 740 840 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,575 740 830 0.3 0.3 0.3
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1 250 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 245 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 35 25 15 3.5 4.8 3.1 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6 10,820 5,735 5,085 2.1 2.3 2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8 1,845 1,025 820 0.4 0.4 0.3
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6 1,775 985 790 0.4 0.4 0.3
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3 1,565 885 675 0.3 0.4 0.3
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8 1,365 570 800 0.3 0.2 0.3
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4 1,185 500 685 0.2 0.2 0.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6 360 205 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1 140 85 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4 140 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 30 20 10 3.0 3.8 2.1 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4 4,845 2,740 2,100 1.0 1.1 0.8
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9 500 250 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9 495 245 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3 630 370 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9 310 170 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 15 5 10 1.5 1.0 2.1 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8 295 160 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4 180 105 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2 95 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 90 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 45 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3 45 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4 2,595 1,545 1,050 0.5 0.6 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6 2,130 1,295 830 0.4 0.5 0.3
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2 595 380 215 0.1 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4 145 105 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4 255 155 100 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8 625 355 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6 260 155 110 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8 470 250 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7 390 205 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5 345 180 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 10 10 0 1.0 1.9 0.0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3 995 510 485 0.2 0.2 0.2
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9 90 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7 220 120 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 10 10 0 1.0 1.9 0.0 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5 640 305 330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5 115 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3 435 235 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8 1,260 625 635 0.2 0.3 0.2
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8 1,235 610 625 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0 825 405 425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6 315 160 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2 65 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1 3,375 1,660 1,720 0.7 0.7 0.7
English and French 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,020 455 565 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 5 0 5 0.5 0.0 1.0 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5 2,085 1,075 1,015 0.4 0.4 0.4
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 935 475 455 93.5 91.3 94.8 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6 487,420 238,710 248,710 96.6 96.5 96.6
French 10 10 5 1.0 1.9 1.0 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6 585 285 295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-official language 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8 3,615 1,895 1,725 0.7 0.8 0.7
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1 830 395 440 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7 2,785 1,495 1,285 0.6 0.6 0.5
English and French 25 15 10 2.5 2.9 2.1 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6 2,615 1,140 1,480 0.5 0.5 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 20 15 5 2.0 2.9 1.0 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4 9,845 4,995 4,845 2.0 2.0 1.9
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3 465 235 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6 230 120 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,000 520 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 995 520 475 99.5 100.0 99.0 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7 502,230 246,140 256,090 99.5 99.5 99.5
Official languages 970 500 470 97.0 96.2 97.9 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7 495,005 242,370 252,635 98.1 98.0 98.1
English 955 490 465 95.5 94.2 96.9 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5 494,120 241,935 252,185 97.9 97.8 98.0
French 15 10 5 1.5 1.9 1.0 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2 880 435 450 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-official languages 30 20 10 3.0 3.8 2.1 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9 7,230 3,770 3,460 1.4 1.5 1.3
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,350 670 680 0.3 0.3 0.3
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,305 650 655 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,305 650 655 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 650 655 0.3 0.3 0.3
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 30 20 10 3.0 3.8 2.1 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7 5,880 3,100 2,775 1.2 1.3 1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1 1,175 605 570 0.2 0.2 0.2
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0 1,130 585 545 0.2 0.2 0.2
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,005 530 475 0.2 0.2 0.2
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0 715 320 390 0.1 0.1 0.2
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8 650 290 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5 170 95 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 20 15 5 2.0 2.9 1.0 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2 2,390 1,315 1,070 0.5 0.5 0.4
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9 180 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9 180 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4 105 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 10 5 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1 1,655 945 710 0.3 0.4 0.3
Indo-Aryan languages 5 5 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5 1,295 750 540 0.3 0.3 0.2
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2 335 200 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2 80 60 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2 125 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4 455 255 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4 160 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6 365 190 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5 300 155 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3 265 135 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6 400 205 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9 300 150 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1 145 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 130 90 0.0 0.1 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 110 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8 790 405 380 0.2 0.2 0.1
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8 770 400 375 0.2 0.2 0.1
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5 550 280 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2 165 80 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3 2,575 1,260 1,315 0.5 0.5 0.5
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6 355 175 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1 2,135 1,040 1,095 0.4 0.4 0.4
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,000 515 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,405 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 955 490 465 95.5 95.1 96.9 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5 493,860 241,975 251,880 97.8 97.8 97.9
English 15 10 5 1.5 1.9 1.0 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3 3,235 1,675 1,565 0.6 0.7 0.6
French 20 10 5 2.0 1.9 1.0 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6 2,100 890 1,210 0.4 0.4 0.5
Non-official language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3 4,310 2,165 2,150 0.9 0.9 0.8
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2 500 205 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2 3,810 1,965 1,845 0.8 0.8 0.7
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 10 10 0 1.0 1.9 0.0 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9 385 205 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4 235 115 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6 605 335 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8 501,305 245,765 255,545 99.8 99.8 99.9
English 980 505 480 99.5 100.0 99.0 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2 501,135 245,680 255,455 99.8 99.8 99.8
French 155 70 85 15.7 13.9 17.5 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6 26,135 10,780 15,355 5.2 4.4 6.0
Non-official languages 65 35 30 6.6 6.9 6.2 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3 20,910 10,660 10,250 4.2 4.3 4.0
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7 2,670 1,225 1,445 0.5 0.5 0.6
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5 2,025 950 1,075 0.4 0.4 0.4
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,945 910 1,035 0.4 0.4 0.4
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,930 900 1,025 0.4 0.4 0.4
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1 625 260 365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1 620 260 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 65 35 30 6.6 6.9 6.2 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6 18,305 9,470 8,840 3.6 3.8 3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9 2,620 1,510 1,110 0.5 0.6 0.4
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7 2,550 1,470 1,085 0.5 0.6 0.4
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2 2,200 1,275 915 0.4 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1 230 135 90 0.0 0.1 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8 190 105 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7 185 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5 2,070 890 1,175 0.4 0.4 0.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2 90 20 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3 1,810 755 1,055 0.4 0.3 0.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1 95 65 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5 225 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9 545 295 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2 250 135 115 0.0 0.1 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6 305 150 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1 105 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 55 25 25 5.6 5.0 5.2 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2 9,250 4,935 4,310 1.8 2.0 1.7
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4 965 505 460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3 955 505 455 0.2 0.2 0.2
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6 100 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9 545 295 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4 125 45 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 35 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 25 10 15 2.5 2.0 3.1 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8 1,645 895 750 0.3 0.4 0.3
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 15 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.1 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3 1,090 590 500 0.2 0.2 0.2
German 15 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.1 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2 1,075 580 500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5 325 160 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3 220 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 305 210 95 0.1 0.1 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 80 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 110 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4 90 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0 3,855 2,240 1,610 0.8 0.9 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1 3,280 1,965 1,315 0.7 0.8 0.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3 875 520 355 0.2 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5 255 215 40 0.1 0.1 0.0
Hindi 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0 1,565 1,040 525 0.3 0.4 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5 1,035 620 415 0.2 0.3 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 155 95 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1 550 285 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0 590 285 305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9 515 245 270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6 445 220 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 25 10 20 2.5 2.0 4.1 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9 3,005 1,415 1,580 0.6 0.6 0.6
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5 495 275 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9 480 245 240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 25 10 20 2.5 2.0 4.1 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4 2,085 940 1,140 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3 195 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6 225 90 135 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7 1,200 655 545 0.2 0.3 0.2
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0 205 115 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 120 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2 150 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1 295 160 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1 230 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2 965 410 560 0.2 0.2 0.2
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1 875 370 505 0.2 0.2 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5 1,575 840 730 0.3 0.3 0.3
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4 1,525 815 715 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9 1,170 620 550 0.2 0.3 0.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1 395 205 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 135 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 40 25 20 4.1 5.0 4.1 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1 46,545 22,520 24,030 9.3 9.1 9.4
Single Indigenous responses46 40 25 20 4.1 5.0 4.1 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9 43,095 20,845 22,250 8.6 8.5 8.7
First Nations (North American Indian) 35 20 20 3.6 4.0 4.1 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9 28,435 13,660 14,775 5.7 5.5 5.8
Métis 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7 7,335 3,595 3,735 1.5 1.5 1.5
Inuk (Inuit) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2 7,330 3,595 3,740 1.5 1.5 1.5
Multiple Indigenous responses47 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1 685 325 365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,765 1,350 1,415 0.6 0.5 0.6
Non-Indigenous identity 945 475 465 95.9 94.1 95.9 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9 455,550 223,675 231,880 90.7 90.9 90.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 35 20 20 3.6 4.0 4.1 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3 22,720 10,895 11,825 4.5 4.4 4.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 950 485 465 96.4 96.0 95.9 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7 479,375 235,290 244,080 95.5 95.6 95.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 385 ... ... 92.8 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ... 169,010 ... ... 75.7 ... ...
Renter 30 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ... 53,680 ... ... 24.0 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 560 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 5,525 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Not condominium 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ... 217,725 ... ... 97.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 410 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
1 bedroom 30 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 13,045 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
2 bedrooms 115 ... ... 27.7 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 53,000 ... ... 23.7 ... ...
3 bedrooms 150 ... ... 36.1 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 102,545 ... ... 45.9 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 115 ... ... 27.7 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ... 54,255 ... ... 24.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 80 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ... 37,615 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
5 rooms 70 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 35,320 ... ... 15.8 ... ...
6 rooms 50 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ... 39,350 ... ... 17.6 ... ...
7 rooms 55 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 33,515 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 160 ... ... 38.6 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ... 77,445 ... ... 34.7 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.9 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ... 222,260 ... ... 99.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 990 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 405 ... ... 97.6 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ... 219,400 ... ... 98.3 ... ...
Not suitable 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 3,850 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 170 ... ... 41.0 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ... 40,635 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
1961 to 1980 105 ... ... 25.3 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ... 71,180 ... ... 31.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 50 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 33,065 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
1991 to 2000 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 26,115 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
2001 to 2005 20 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 12,130 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
2006 to 2010 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 14,825 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
2011 to 2015 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 15,980 ... ... 7.2 ... ...
2016 to 202157 15 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 9,330 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 370 ... ... 89.2 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ... 211,050 ... ... 94.5 ... ...
Major repairs needed 40 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 12,205 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 215 ... ... 51.8 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ... 115,610 ... ... 51.8 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 190 ... ... 45.8 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ... 101,755 ... ... 45.6 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 5,885 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 5,700 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
25 to 34 years 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 24,175 ... ... 10.8 ... ...
35 to 44 years 55 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 31,955 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
45 to 54 years 70 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ... 39,720 ... ... 17.8 ... ...
55 to 64 years 75 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 48,335 ... ... 21.7 ... ...
65 to 74 years 110 ... ... 26.5 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ... 44,755 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
75 to 84 years 35 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 22,715 ... ... 10.2 ... ...
85 years and over 25 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 5,900 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 400 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 221,825 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 365 ... ... 91.3 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ... 189,435 ... ... 85.4 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 30 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 32,390 ... ... 14.6 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 20 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 30,070 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 415 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 80 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ... 45,625 ... ... 20.4 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 30 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ... 29,865 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
Not suitable only 10 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 3,260 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 40 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 9,710 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 290 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 2,195 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 260 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 40 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 330 ... ... 79.5 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ... 177,630 ... ... 79.6 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 380 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 219,505 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 17,525 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Not in core need 370 ... ... 97.4 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ... 201,980 ... ... 92.0 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 365 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ... 168,660 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 50.7 ... ... 50.7 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 47.4 ... ... 47.4 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 6.8 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
% in core housing need63 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 604 ... ... 604 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 750 ... ... 750 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 788 ... ... 788 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,014 ... ... 1,014 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 150,000 ... ... 150,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 240,000 ... ... 240,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 199,000 ... ... 199,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 246,800 ... ... 246,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 30 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ... 53,615 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 19.6 ... ... 19.6 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 32.5 ... ... 32.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 20.8 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 x ... ... x ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 870 ... ... 870 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 400 ... ... 400 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 903 ... ... 903 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ... 560 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ... 168 ... ... 168 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ... 242 ... ... 242 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 990 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7 31,845 15,325 16,520 6.3 6.2 6.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7 30,850 14,800 16,050 6.1 6.0 6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1 22,040 10,555 11,485 4.4 4.3 4.5
Métis single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,175 1,545 1,630 0.6 0.6 0.6
Inuit single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2 5,635 2,695 2,940 1.1 1.1 1.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1 990 525 465 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1 185 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 250 195 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 30 25 0 3.0 5.0 0.0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4 26,945 13,065 13,880 5.4 5.3 5.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 30 25 0 3.0 5.0 0.0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3 25,980 12,635 13,345 5.2 5.1 5.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 25 0 3.0 5.0 0.0 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3 20,635 10,125 10,510 4.1 4.1 4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0 2,235 1,040 1,200 0.4 0.4 0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,110 1,475 1,635 0.6 0.6 0.6
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1 970 430 535 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1 270 145 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 155 240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 100 130 0.0 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 930 470 460 93.9 93.1 94.8 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8 443,310 217,795 225,510 88.3 88.5 88.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 990 500 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 960 485 475 97.0 97.0 99.0 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3 490,860 240,100 250,755 97.8 97.5 98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18 185 95 90 18.7 19.0 18.8 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9 82,250 42,485 39,765 16.4 17.3 15.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 775 390 385 78.3 78.0 80.2 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3 408,605 197,615 210,995 81.4 80.3 82.4
Not Canadian citizens78 30 15 10 3.0 3.0 2.1 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7 11,240 6,090 5,150 2.2 2.5 2.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 990 500 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 915 460 460 92.4 92.0 95.8 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8 482,615 236,005 246,610 96.1 95.9 96.4
Immigrants81 65 40 25 6.6 8.0 5.2 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8 14,250 7,235 7,010 2.8 2.9 2.7
Before 1980 20 15 10 2.0 3.0 2.1 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4 3,335 1,590 1,740 0.7 0.6 0.7
1980 to 1990 20 15 10 2.0 3.0 2.1 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6 890 540 350 0.2 0.2 0.1
1991 to 2000 15 15 0 1.5 3.0 0.0 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4 1,020 545 475 0.2 0.2 0.2
2001 to 2010 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5 2,435 1,265 1,175 0.5 0.5 0.5
2011 to 202182 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9 6,570 3,300 3,265 1.3 1.3 1.3
2011 to 2015 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2 2,300 1,200 1,100 0.5 0.5 0.4
2016 to 2021 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7 4,265 2,100 2,170 0.8 0.9 0.8
Non-permanent residents83 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3 5,235 2,955 2,285 1.0 1.2 0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 65 40 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,250 7,240 7,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 15 0 0 23.1 0.0 0.0 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4 1,700 820 875 11.9 11.3 12.5
5 to 14 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1 2,470 1,245 1,220 17.3 17.2 17.4
15 to 24 years 10 10 0 15.4 25.0 0.0 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9 2,335 1,200 1,135 16.4 16.6 16.2
25 to 44 years 25 10 10 38.5 25.0 40.0 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6 6,640 3,355 3,285 46.6 46.3 46.9
45 years and over 10 10 0 15.4 25.0 0.0 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9 1,110 615 490 7.8 8.5 7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 65 40 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,250 7,240 7,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 15 15 0 23.1 37.5 0.0 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0 2,345 1,110 1,235 16.5 15.3 17.6
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6 90 40 50 0.6 0.6 0.7
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0 145 70 75 1.0 1.0 1.1
El Salvador 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6 30 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Guyana 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9 220 100 125 1.5 1.4 1.8
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1 25 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8 65 25 35 0.5 0.3 0.5
United States of America 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2 1,390 695 690 9.8 9.6 9.8
Other places of birth in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1 325 130 200 2.3 1.8 2.9
Europe 50 25 20 76.9 62.5 80.0 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1 4,290 2,340 1,945 30.1 32.3 27.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4 40 25 10 0.3 0.3 0.1
Croatia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4 45 25 20 0.3 0.3 0.3
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3 190 85 105 1.3 1.2 1.5
Germany 10 0 10 15.4 0.0 40.0 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5 245 150 95 1.7 2.1 1.4
Greece 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6 25 15 0 0.2 0.2 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3 95 55 40 0.7 0.8 0.6
Netherlands 10 0 0 15.4 0.0 0.0 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8 100 60 40 0.7 0.8 0.6
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7 60 40 25 0.4 0.6 0.4
Portugal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5 80 35 45 0.6 0.5 0.6
Romania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0 100 45 55 0.7 0.6 0.8
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1 125 60 70 0.9 0.8 1.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0 75 25 50 0.5 0.3 0.7
United Kingdom87 10 0 0 15.4 0.0 0.0 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3 2,300 1,235 1,070 16.1 17.1 15.3
Other places of birth in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2 780 475 305 5.5 6.6 4.4
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3 1,895 1,065 835 13.3 14.7 11.9
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9 30 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4 80 40 40 0.6 0.6 0.6
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8 205 145 60 1.4 2.0 0.9
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3 155 95 60 1.1 1.3 0.9
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5 75 40 35 0.5 0.6 0.5
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9 455 260 200 3.2 3.6 2.9
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6 185 95 85 1.3 1.3 1.2
Other places of birth in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6 675 345 325 4.7 4.8 4.6
Asia 10 10 0 15.4 25.0 0.0 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9 5,590 2,680 2,910 39.2 37.0 41.5
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1 140 70 70 1.0 1.0 1.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9 190 95 90 1.3 1.3 1.3
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0 80 45 30 0.6 0.6 0.4
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1 485 245 240 3.4 3.4 3.4
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4 55 40 15 0.4 0.6 0.2
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1 630 280 350 4.4 3.9 5.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6 85 45 45 0.6 0.6 0.6
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7 105 25 75 0.7 0.3 1.1
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8 50 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5
Philippines 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5 1,655 685 965 11.6 9.5 13.8
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3 90 45 45 0.6 0.6 0.6
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8 230 130 105 1.6 1.8 1.5
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2 830 480 355 5.8 6.6 5.1
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6 220 90 130 1.5 1.2 1.9
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6 100 50 50 0.7 0.7 0.7
Other places of birth in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5 635 340 300 4.5 4.7 4.3
Oceania and other places of birth93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7 130 40 90 0.9 0.6 1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 10 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,270 2,100 2,170 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7 430 200 225 10.1 9.5 10.4
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5 25 10 20 0.6 0.5 0.9
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9 20 15 0 0.5 0.7 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1 145 60 80 3.4 2.9 3.7
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3 20 15 10 0.5 0.7 0.5
United States of America 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9 145 70 70 3.4 3.3 3.2
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6 70 25 45 1.6 1.2 2.1
Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5 395 235 165 9.3 11.2 7.6
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8 30 15 20 0.7 0.7 0.9
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4 30 20 10 0.7 1.0 0.5
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3 55 30 25 1.3 1.4 1.2
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3 10 10 0 0.2 0.5 0.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0 25 15 15 0.6 0.7 0.7
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3 125 90 35 2.9 4.3 1.6
Other places of birth in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2 105 60 45 2.5 2.9 2.1
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2 910 490 425 21.3 23.3 19.6
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7 55 25 25 1.3 1.2 1.2
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9 40 25 10 0.9 1.2 0.5
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1 100 60 45 2.3 2.9 2.1
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7 20 0 15 0.5 0.0 0.7
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9 300 175 120 7.0 8.3 5.5
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6 65 35 25 1.5 1.7 1.2
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3 65 35 30 1.5 1.7 1.4
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6 35 15 25 0.8 0.7 1.2
Other places of birth in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9 210 100 115 4.9 4.8 5.3
Asia 10 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9 2,520 1,170 1,345 59.0 55.7 62.0
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0 80 45 35 1.9 2.1 1.6
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9 200 85 115 4.7 4.0 5.3
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4 320 200 125 7.5 9.5 5.8
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0 35 20 15 0.8 1.0 0.7
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3 60 20 35 1.4 1.0 1.6
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3 20 15 10 0.5 0.7 0.5
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8 35 0 35 0.8 0.0 1.6
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7 55 30 20 1.3 1.4 0.9
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7 100 45 55 2.3 2.1 2.5
Philippines 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4 940 380 555 22.0 18.1 25.6
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6 25 10 15 0.6 0.5 0.7
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7 20 15 10 0.5 0.7 0.5
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5 400 210 190 9.4 10.0 8.8
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7 30 25 0 0.7 1.2 0.0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6 35 0 25 0.8 0.0 1.2
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3 35 15 20 0.8 0.7 0.9
Other places of birth in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5 105 35 65 2.5 1.7 3.0
Oceania and other93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.5
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 85 50 35 8.6 9.9 7.2 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0 21,365 11,110 10,255 4.3 4.5 4.0
Second generation101 65 40 30 6.6 7.9 6.2 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3 17,835 9,075 8,760 3.6 3.7 3.4
Third generation or more102 840 415 425 85.3 82.2 87.6 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6 462,900 226,010 236,895 92.2 91.8 92.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 40 30 15 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,915 5,645 5,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 25 20 10 62.5 66.7 66.7 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3 6,385 3,360 3,030 58.5 59.5 57.5
Principal applicants105 20 15 0 50.0 50.0 0.0 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4 3,015 1,875 1,140 27.6 33.2 21.6
Secondary applicants106 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0 3,370 1,480 1,890 30.9 26.2 35.9
Immigrants sponsored by family107 10 10 0 25.0 33.3 0.0 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4 2,690 1,350 1,335 24.6 23.9 25.3
Refugees108 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9 1,780 900 880 16.3 15.9 16.7
Other immigrants109 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4 60 35 20 0.5 0.6 0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 40 30 15 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,915 5,645 5,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4 205 110 95 1.9 1.9 1.8
Work permits only before admission112 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7 2,450 1,295 1,160 22.4 22.9 22.0
Study permits only before admission113 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5 520 310 210 4.8 5.5 4.0
Work and study permits before admission114 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3 1,180 695 485 10.8 12.3 9.2
Other permits before admission115 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7 70 30 40 0.6 0.5 0.8
No pre-admission experience116 40 30 10 100.0 100.0 66.7 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5 6,480 3,200 3,280 59.4 56.7 62.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 25 20 0 2.5 4.0 0.0 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8 16,855 8,800 8,050 3.4 3.6 3.1
South Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8 4,545 2,575 1,970 0.9 1.0 0.8
Chinese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9 2,005 1,020 980 0.4 0.4 0.4
Black 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3 3,590 1,930 1,660 0.7 0.8 0.6
Filipino 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9 2,270 1,000 1,270 0.5 0.4 0.5
Arab 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8 1,740 1,035 705 0.3 0.4 0.3
Latin American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6 755 355 400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Southeast Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1 505 240 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
West Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0 550 265 285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6 220 80 140 0.0 0.0 0.1
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5 205 105 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple visible minorities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9 395 175 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Not a visible minority120 960 480 480 97.5 95.0 99.0 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2 485,240 237,385 247,855 96.6 96.4 96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 985 500 480 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 220 115 105 22.3 23.0 21.9 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4 125,120 60,915 64,200 24.9 24.7 25.1
English 395 200 195 40.1 40.0 40.6 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8 175,045 84,765 90,280 34.9 34.4 35.3
Irish 185 85 105 18.8 17.0 21.9 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6 122,115 59,270 62,845 24.3 24.1 24.6
Scottish 230 130 100 23.4 26.0 20.8 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3 33,270 16,045 17,230 6.6 6.5 6.7
French, n.o.s.122 140 65 80 14.2 13.0 16.7 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0 22,925 11,115 11,815 4.6 4.5 4.6
German 60 20 40 6.1 4.0 8.3 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2 7,335 3,655 3,680 1.5 1.5 1.4
Chinese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9 2,265 1,135 1,130 0.5 0.5 0.4
Italian 20 10 10 2.0 2.0 2.1 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2 2,290 1,140 1,155 0.5 0.5 0.5
Indian (India) 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6 2,765 1,505 1,260 0.6 0.6 0.5
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5 1,505 720 785 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dutch 55 35 15 5.6 7.0 3.1 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7 1,830 940 890 0.4 0.4 0.3
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8 1,290 620 670 0.3 0.3 0.3
Québécois 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7 315 150 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 20 0 15 2.0 0.0 3.1 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6 18,305 9,090 9,215 3.6 3.7 3.6
Filipino 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8 2,255 1,010 1,240 0.4 0.4 0.5
French Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5 720 295 425 0.1 0.1 0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 105 45 60 10.7 9.0 12.5 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9 26,565 12,765 13,795 5.3 5.2 5.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 15 10 0 1.5 2.0 0.0 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8 10,820 5,180 5,635 2.2 2.1 2.2
Métis 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6 6,715 3,255 3,460 1.3 1.3 1.4
European, n.o.s.126 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5 8,625 4,295 4,325 1.7 1.7 1.7
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6 680 335 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Norwegian 40 30 20 4.1 6.0 4.2 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3 1,840 920 915 0.4 0.4 0.4
Welsh 15 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3 5,750 2,980 2,770 1.1 1.2 1.1
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2 1,215 595 615 0.2 0.2 0.2
American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0 2,180 1,060 1,120 0.4 0.4 0.4
Spanish 15 15 0 1.5 3.0 0.0 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0 1,160 555 605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Swedish 15 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.1 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0 1,035 485 550 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9 325 160 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Acadian 45 15 25 4.6 3.0 5.2 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9 1,100 505 595 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8 270 145 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
African, n.o.s.127 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8 725 375 340 0.1 0.2 0.1
Jewish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8 550 340 210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Punjabi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7 285 140 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8 175 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arab, n.o.s.128 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7 830 470 360 0.2 0.2 0.1
Greek 10 0 10 1.0 0.0 2.1 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7 365 190 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7 320 170 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asian, n.o.s.129 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6 525 275 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree, n.o.s.130 20 0 20 2.0 0.0 4.2 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6 305 130 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6 225 85 145 0.0 0.0 0.1
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6 300 120 180 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lebanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6 775 420 350 0.2 0.2 0.1
Iranian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5 430 210 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian, n.i.e.131 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5 1,960 970 995 0.4 0.4 0.4
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5 690 350 340 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5 3,585 1,745 1,840 0.7 0.7 0.7
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5 325 155 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Belgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5 265 145 120 0.1 0.1 0.0
Haitian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4 135 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mennonite 30 20 10 3.0 4.0 2.1 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4 275 135 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4 235 100 140 0.0 0.0 0.1
Sri Lankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4 150 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.133 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3 18,870 9,245 9,625 3.8 3.8 3.8
Northern European, n.o.s.135 30 10 15 3.0 2.0 3.1 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,230 680 555 0.2 0.3 0.2
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3 320 165 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egyptian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3 390 250 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3 155 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 90 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3 170 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3 160 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moroccan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3 195 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syrian 10 0 10 1.0 0.0 2.1 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3 335 210 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3 200 125 70 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3 195 105 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Newfoundlander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 34,640 17,120 17,515 6.9 7.0 6.8
Hong Konger 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2 435 180 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2 160 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.138 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 9,365 4,445 4,925 1.9 1.8 1.9
Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2 545 325 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2 185 110 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2 425 215 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2 290 135 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2 95 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2 110 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2 215 120 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2 65 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2 120 75 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2 80 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
South African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 185 140 40 0.0 0.1 0.0
Australian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palestinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congolese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 30 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1 430 200 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 45 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peruvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1 325 185 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1 640 285 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 105 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albertan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 75 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1 145 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,350 1,160 1,185 0.5 0.5 0.5
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 120 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Laotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.150 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1 350 205 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1 495 245 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1 170 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 70 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,430 3,795 1.4 1.4 1.5
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 85 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 985 505 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,195 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1 490 240 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian 525 285 240 53.3 56.4 49.5 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7 413,915 199,150 214,765 82.4 80.9 83.9
Christian, n.o.s.162 45 35 15 4.6 6.9 3.1 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8 15,590 7,710 7,880 3.1 3.1 3.1
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4 105 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anglican 75 45 35 7.6 8.9 7.2 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4 108,030 52,080 55,945 21.5 21.2 21.9
Baptist 75 35 45 7.6 6.9 9.3 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3 1,115 515 605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Catholic 130 60 75 13.2 11.9 15.5 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9 159,875 76,450 83,425 31.8 31.1 32.6
Christian Orthodox 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8 700 395 305 0.1 0.2 0.1
Jehovah's Witness 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4 1,490 685 810 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latter Day Saints 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3 170 65 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lutheran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0 300 175 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3 29,830 14,505 15,325 5.9 5.9 6.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 20 10 0 2.0 2.0 0.0 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2 28,645 13,650 15,000 5.7 5.5 5.9
Presbyterian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9 1,165 535 630 0.2 0.2 0.2
Reformed 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Church 150 90 65 15.2 17.8 13.4 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7 60,670 29,340 31,330 12.1 11.9 12.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2 6,205 2,990 3,215 1.2 1.2 1.3
Hindu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2 1,200 720 485 0.2 0.3 0.2
Jewish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9 240 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7 3,995 2,085 1,910 0.8 0.8 0.7
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1 855 490 365 0.2 0.2 0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7 965 375 585 0.2 0.2 0.2
No religion and secular perspectives 455 215 240 46.2 42.6 49.5 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4 80,330 42,965 37,370 16.0 17.5 14.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 975 500 470 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0 498,445 244,285 254,160 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 890 450 440 91.3 90.0 93.6 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8 453,375 222,680 230,695 91.0 91.2 90.8
Movers 85 55 35 8.7 11.0 7.4 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2 45,070 21,600 23,465 9.0 8.8 9.2
Non-migrants 10 10 0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1 24,890 11,770 13,115 5.0 4.8 5.2
Migrants 80 45 35 8.2 9.0 7.4 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0 20,180 9,830 10,350 4.0 4.0 4.1
Internal migrants 80 45 35 8.2 9.0 7.4 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2 19,020 9,195 9,830 3.8 3.8 3.9
Intraprovincial migrants 55 35 25 5.6 7.0 5.3 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5 12,470 5,845 6,620 2.5 2.4 2.6
Interprovincial migrants 20 10 10 2.1 2.0 2.1 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7 6,550 3,345 3,205 1.3 1.4 1.3
External migrants 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,160 635 525 0.2 0.3 0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 960 500 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 483,165 236,510 246,655 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 695 375 320 72.4 75.0 69.6 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1 342,910 168,510 174,400 71.0 71.2 70.7
Movers 265 125 140 27.6 25.0 30.4 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9 140,255 68,000 72,255 29.0 28.8 29.3
Non-migrants 20 15 0 2.1 3.0 0.0 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8 52,775 25,485 27,290 10.9 10.8 11.1
Migrants 250 110 135 26.0 22.0 29.3 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2 87,485 42,520 44,965 18.1 18.0 18.2
Internal migrants 240 105 135 25.0 21.0 29.3 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4 79,865 38,480 41,380 16.5 16.3 16.8
Intraprovincial migrants 160 65 95 16.7 13.0 20.7 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8 60,000 28,435 31,570 12.4 12.0 12.8
Interprovincial migrants 80 40 40 8.3 8.0 8.7 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6 19,860 10,045 9,815 4.1 4.2 4.0
External migrants 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8 7,615 4,035 3,585 1.6 1.7 1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 840 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 200 130 75 23.8 30.6 18.1 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6 96,375 51,060 45,315 22.2 24.2 20.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 640 300 340 76.2 70.6 81.9 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4 337,580 160,120 177,465 77.8 75.8 79.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 455 240 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 50 30 15 11.0 12.5 7.1 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7 38,650 22,395 16,260 14.4 17.3 11.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 405 210 195 89.0 87.5 92.9 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3 229,130 107,050 122,085 85.6 82.7 88.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 835 425 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,960 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 165 95 70 19.8 22.4 16.9 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3 88,710 45,165 43,545 20.4 21.4 19.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 230 125 105 27.5 29.4 25.3 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3 119,855 56,485 63,370 27.6 26.7 28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 440 205 240 52.7 48.2 57.8 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4 225,390 109,530 115,860 51.9 51.9 52.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 315 160 155 37.7 37.6 37.3 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9 153,200 79,195 74,005 35.3 37.5 33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 115 85 30 13.8 20.0 7.2 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4 42,715 31,445 11,275 9.8 14.9 5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 65 45 20 7.8 10.6 4.8 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1 21,280 12,615 8,665 4.9 6.0 3.9
Apprenticeship certificate169 50 45 0 6.0 10.6 0.0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3 21,440 18,830 2,610 4.9 8.9 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 190 70 125 22.8 16.5 30.1 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2 101,680 44,065 57,610 23.4 20.9 25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 10 0 0 1.2 0.0 0.0 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4 8,810 3,690 5,125 2.0 1.7 2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher 125 45 80 15.0 10.6 19.3 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5 72,190 30,330 41,855 16.6 14.4 18.8
Bachelor's degree 95 30 60 11.4 7.1 14.5 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1 47,145 19,210 27,935 10.9 9.1 12.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0 3,245 1,445 1,795 0.7 0.7 0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10 10 0 1.2 2.4 0.0 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7 2,035 1,055 980 0.5 0.5 0.4
Master's degree 25 0 25 3.0 0.0 6.0 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9 17,150 6,990 10,165 4.0 3.3 4.6
Earned doctorate171 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7 2,610 1,635 975 0.6 0.8 0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 455 240 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 35 20 15 7.7 8.3 7.0 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4 33,800 18,755 15,045 12.6 14.5 10.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 120 90 30 26.4 37.5 14.0 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6 65,265 31,435 33,830 24.4 24.3 24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 300 130 165 65.9 54.2 76.7 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0 168,720 79,250 89,465 63.0 61.2 64.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 210 100 110 46.2 41.7 51.2 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8 112,935 57,120 55,820 42.2 44.1 40.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 75 60 20 16.5 25.0 9.3 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1 30,020 22,075 7,945 11.2 17.1 5.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 45 30 15 9.9 12.5 7.0 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7 14,940 8,940 6,005 5.6 6.9 4.3
Apprenticeship certificate169 25 25 0 5.5 10.4 0.0 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4 15,080 13,140 1,940 5.6 10.2 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 125 40 90 27.5 16.7 41.9 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1 77,280 32,585 44,700 28.9 25.2 32.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6 5,635 2,460 3,175 2.1 1.9 2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher 85 30 55 18.7 12.5 25.6 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1 55,780 22,135 33,650 20.8 17.1 24.3
Bachelor's degree 70 20 50 15.4 8.3 23.3 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8 35,885 14,135 21,745 13.4 10.9 15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5 2,455 995 1,460 0.9 0.8 1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10 10 0 2.2 4.2 0.0 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9 1,675 785 890 0.6 0.6 0.6
Master's degree 10 0 10 2.2 0.0 4.7 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9 13,875 5,115 8,765 5.2 4.0 6.3
Earned doctorate171 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9 1,895 1,105 785 0.7 0.9 0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 835 425 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 395 220 175 47.3 51.8 42.7 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6 208,565 101,650 106,915 48.1 48.1 48.0
Education 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5 18,310 5,555 12,750 4.2 2.6 5.7
13. Education 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5 18,310 5,555 12,750 4.2 2.6 5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3 3,630 1,670 1,955 0.8 0.8 0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1 525 415 115 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2 3,100 1,250 1,845 0.7 0.6 0.8
Humanities 40 20 15 4.8 4.7 3.7 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7 7,650 3,285 4,365 1.8 1.6 2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5 525 135 390 0.1 0.1 0.2
23. English language and literature/letters 15 0 10 1.8 0.0 2.4 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9 2,020 760 1,260 0.5 0.4 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3 1,820 665 1,155 0.4 0.3 0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1 250 130 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2 660 370 295 0.2 0.2 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2 1,115 665 450 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 15 10 0 1.8 2.4 0.0 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3 785 470 315 0.2 0.2 0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3 475 100 380 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 30 0 25 3.6 0.0 6.1 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7 15,250 4,540 10,705 3.5 2.1 4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1 240 45 195 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9 880 375 505 0.2 0.2 0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.4 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0 3,715 260 3,460 0.9 0.1 1.6
22. Legal professions and studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4 1,980 665 1,315 0.5 0.3 0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2 130 40 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
42. Psychology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6 3,090 710 2,375 0.7 0.3 1.1
45. Social sciences 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.4 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4 5,210 2,450 2,765 1.2 1.2 1.2
Business, management and public administration 55 0 55 6.6 0.0 13.4 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7 48,125 11,635 36,490 11.1 5.5 16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 20 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4 2,845 430 2,410 0.7 0.2 1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 55 0 45 6.6 0.0 11.0 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2 45,195 11,195 34,005 10.4 5.3 15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies 15 0 15 1.8 0.0 3.7 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4 5,875 2,915 2,960 1.4 1.4 1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.4 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1 2,525 1,070 1,455 0.6 0.5 0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,255 595 665 0.3 0.3 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 20 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4 1,725 1,150 570 0.4 0.5 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1 255 80 175 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8 8,180 4,515 3,665 1.9 2.1 1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 20 10 15 2.4 2.4 3.7 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2 6,920 3,960 2,960 1.6 1.9 1.3
25. Library science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2 450 45 400 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3 740 440 300 0.2 0.2 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0 75 70 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 100 95 10 12.0 22.4 2.4 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4 57,910 52,800 5,115 13.3 25.0 2.3
04. Architecture and related services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3 335 230 100 0.1 0.1 0.0
14. Engineering 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1 6,545 5,290 1,255 1.5 2.5 0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 15 15 0 1.8 3.5 0.0 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6 13,965 11,610 2,355 3.2 5.5 1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 25 25 0 3.0 5.9 0.0 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1 17,805 17,160 645 4.1 8.1 0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 35 30 0 4.2 7.1 0.0 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1 12,505 12,070 435 2.9 5.7 0.2
48. Precision production 20 20 0 2.4 4.7 0.0 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1 6,745 6,435 310 1.6 3.0 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 40 25 15 4.8 5.9 3.7 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1 4,250 2,475 1,775 1.0 1.2 0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 25 15 15 3.0 3.5 3.7 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8 1,735 630 1,105 0.4 0.3 0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation 15 10 0 1.8 2.4 0.0 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3 2,515 1,850 670 0.6 0.9 0.3
Health and related fields 45 10 35 5.4 2.4 8.5 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7 33,535 5,660 27,875 7.7 2.7 12.5
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,570 765 800 0.4 0.4 0.4
51. Health professions and related programs178 40 10 35 4.8 2.4 8.5 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9 31,065 4,415 26,650 7.2 2.1 12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 35 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2 785 445 340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 55 25 30 6.6 5.9 7.3 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1 22,650 14,470 8,180 5.2 6.9 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 25 0 25 3.0 0.0 6.1 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6 9,190 2,260 6,925 2.1 1.1 3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 95 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 10 10 0 1.2 2.4 0.0 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4 2,180 1,655 525 0.5 0.8 0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving 15 15 0 1.8 3.5 0.0 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1 11,155 10,450 710 2.6 4.9 0.3
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 455 240 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 160 110 45 35.2 45.8 20.9 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0 99,065 50,190 48,875 37.0 38.8 35.3
Education 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9 11,025 2,785 8,240 4.1 2.2 6.0
13. Education 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9 11,025 2,785 8,240 4.1 2.2 6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8 2,860 1,265 1,595 1.1 1.0 1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2 330 250 80 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6 2,535 1,015 1,515 0.9 0.8 1.1
Humanities 30 15 15 6.6 6.3 7.0 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1 5,215 2,150 3,065 1.9 1.7 2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6 375 100 275 0.1 0.1 0.2
23. English language and literature/letters 10 0 10 2.2 0.0 4.7 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0 1,300 470 835 0.5 0.4 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4 1,325 470 860 0.5 0.4 0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1 185 90 90 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2 480 255 235 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2 650 375 270 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4 575 340 235 0.2 0.3 0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3 320 55 265 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 20 0 20 4.4 0.0 9.3 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9 12,275 3,320 8,955 4.6 2.6 6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2 215 40 175 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3 720 285 435 0.3 0.2 0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5 3,130 215 2,915 1.2 0.2 2.1
22. Legal professions and studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8 1,625 455 1,160 0.6 0.4 0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3 105 30 75 0.0 0.0 0.1
42. Psychology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9 2,395 500 1,900 0.9 0.4 1.4
45. Social sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0 4,090 1,790 2,305 1.5 1.4 1.7
Business, management and public administration 45 0 45 9.9 0.0 20.9 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1 36,780 8,440 28,340 13.7 6.5 20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 10 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7 2,235 265 1,970 0.8 0.2 1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 40 0 40 8.8 0.0 18.6 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3 34,470 8,170 26,310 12.9 6.3 19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies 10 0 10 2.2 0.0 4.7 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7 4,340 2,110 2,230 1.6 1.6 1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4 1,890 765 1,120 0.7 0.6 0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6 885 410 475 0.3 0.3 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 20 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5 1,345 865 480 0.5 0.7 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1 140 40 100 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 15 0 15 3.3 0.0 7.0 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2 7,170 3,980 3,190 2.7 3.1 2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 15 0 15 3.3 0.0 7.0 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6 6,265 3,615 2,650 2.3 2.8 1.9
25. Library science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2 340 40 300 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3 515 280 235 0.2 0.2 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 45 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 65 60 10 14.3 25.0 4.7 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2 42,160 37,625 4,525 15.7 29.1 3.3
04. Architecture and related services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4 240 160 85 0.1 0.1 0.1
14. Engineering 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6 5,290 4,165 1,125 2.0 3.2 0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7 10,780 8,640 2,145 4.0 6.7 1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 15 15 0 3.3 6.3 0.0 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2 12,995 12,460 540 4.9 9.6 0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 30 25 0 6.6 10.4 0.0 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1 8,240 7,870 370 3.1 6.1 0.3
48. Precision production 15 15 0 3.3 6.3 0.0 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1 4,600 4,340 260 1.7 3.4 0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 35 25 10 7.7 10.4 4.7 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4 3,435 1,920 1,520 1.3 1.5 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 20 15 10 4.4 6.3 4.7 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0 1,360 470 890 0.5 0.4 0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation 15 10 0 3.3 4.2 0.0 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4 2,075 1,445 630 0.8 1.1 0.5
Health and related fields 25 10 15 5.5 4.2 7.0 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8 25,500 4,245 21,260 9.5 3.3 15.4
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7 1,215 605 610 0.5 0.5 0.4
51. Health professions and related programs178 15 10 15 3.3 4.2 7.0 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8 23,530 3,275 20,255 8.8 2.5 14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 30 85 0.0 0.0 0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2 645 340 305 0.2 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 45 25 25 9.9 10.4 11.6 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7 17,925 11,395 6,530 6.7 8.8 4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 20 0 20 4.4 0.0 9.3 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0 7,255 1,750 5,505 2.7 1.4 4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 65 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6 1,765 1,325 445 0.7 1.0 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 20 20 0 4.4 8.3 0.0 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2 8,805 8,245 560 3.3 6.4 0.4
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 455 240 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 160 110 45 35.2 45.8 20.9 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0 99,065 50,190 48,875 37.0 38.8 35.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 295 135 170 64.8 56.3 79.1 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0 168,720 79,250 89,465 63.0 61.2 64.7
Location of study inside Canada 285 125 160 62.6 52.1 74.4 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9 161,880 76,015 85,870 60.5 58.7 62.1
Same as province or territory of residence 145 70 80 31.9 29.2 37.2 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5 137,745 64,835 72,910 51.4 50.1 52.7
Different than province or territory of residence 145 55 80 31.9 22.9 37.2 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4 24,140 11,175 12,960 9.0 8.6 9.4
Location of study outside Canada182 10 10 0 2.2 4.2 0.0 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0 6,840 3,240 3,600 2.6 2.5 2.6
Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5 1,625 730 895 0.6 0.6 0.6
United States of America 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4 1,160 555 615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.1
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2 85 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2 140 65 85 0.1 0.1 0.1
Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6 1,735 1,000 735 0.6 0.8 0.5
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 80 45 0.0 0.1 0.0
Netherlands 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 90 65 0.1 0.1 0.0
United Kingdom87 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7 945 575 370 0.4 0.4 0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3 180 100 80 0.1 0.1 0.1
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1 685 350 335 0.3 0.3 0.2
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2 205 85 125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2 130 70 65 0.0 0.1 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3 210 120 95 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6 2,635 1,100 1,535 1.0 0.8 1.1
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4 245 110 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1 200 100 100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3 75 15 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9 955 355 600 0.4 0.3 0.4
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1 515 260 260 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4 70 20 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4 125 40 80 0.0 0.0 0.1
Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2 160 65 90 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2 145 60 80 0.1 0.0 0.1
New Zealand 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 835 425 415 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ... 433,960 211,180 222,775 ... ... ...
In the labour force 505 280 230 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ... 243,330 123,685 119,645 ... ... ...
Employed 460 250 210 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ... 206,285 101,475 104,810 ... ... ...
Unemployed 45 30 15 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ... 37,045 22,210 14,835 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 330 145 185 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ... 190,625 87,500 103,130 ... ... ...
Participation rate 60.5 65.9 55.4 60.5 65.9 55.4 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8 56.1 58.6 53.7 56.1 58.6 53.7
Employment rate 55.1 58.8 50.6 55.1 58.8 50.6 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4 47.5 48.1 47.0 47.5 48.1 47.0
Unemployment rate 8.9 10.7 6.5 8.9 10.7 6.5 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7 15.2 18.0 12.4 15.2 18.0 12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 835 425 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 340 160 180 40.7 37.6 43.9 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4 183,800 83,580 100,220 42.4 39.6 45.0
Worked 500 270 235 59.9 63.5 57.3 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6 250,155 127,600 122,555 57.6 60.4 55.0
Worked full year full time187 300 180 120 35.9 42.4 29.3 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3 119,335 59,590 59,750 27.5 28.2 26.8
Worked part year and/or part time188 205 95 115 24.6 22.4 28.0 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3 130,815 68,005 62,810 30.1 32.2 28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.7 42.6 40.8 41.7 42.6 40.8 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3 37.8 36.8 38.8 37.8 36.8 38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 505 285 225 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 243,330 123,685 119,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 10 10 0 2.0 3.5 0.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 6,930 3,810 3,120 2.8 3.1 2.6
All classes of workers191 495 275 225 98.0 96.5 100.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 236,405 119,880 116,525 97.2 96.9 97.4
Employee 395 205 195 78.2 71.9 86.7 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1 217,070 108,290 108,780 89.2 87.6 90.9
Permanent position 320 155 165 63.4 54.4 73.3 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9 153,520 73,940 79,585 63.1 59.8 66.5
Temporary position 80 45 30 15.8 15.8 13.3 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1 63,545 34,345 29,200 26.1 27.8 24.4
Fixed term (1 year or more) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2 13,300 5,940 7,360 5.5 4.8 6.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 75 45 30 14.9 15.8 13.3 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9 50,245 28,405 21,840 20.6 23.0 18.3
Self-employed192 105 65 35 20.8 22.8 15.6 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2 19,335 11,590 7,745 7.9 9.4 6.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 505 285 225 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 243,330 123,685 119,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 10 10 0 2.0 3.5 0.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 6,930 3,810 3,120 2.8 3.1 2.6
All occupations191 495 275 225 98.0 96.5 100.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 236,405 119,880 116,525 97.2 96.9 97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8 2,045 1,195 845 0.8 1.0 0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 70 30 45 13.9 10.5 20.0 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2 32,540 8,655 23,880 13.4 7.0 20.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 20 10 10 4.0 3.5 4.4 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2 15,155 11,765 3,390 6.2 9.5 2.8
3 Health occupations 35 10 25 6.9 3.5 11.1 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0 21,510 3,785 17,730 8.8 3.1 14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 60 20 35 11.9 7.0 15.6 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0 33,725 9,490 24,235 13.9 7.7 20.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 25 15 15 5.0 5.3 6.7 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5 4,735 2,040 2,700 1.9 1.6 2.3
6 Sales and service occupations 120 55 65 23.8 19.3 28.9 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5 59,440 24,065 35,370 24.4 19.5 29.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 80 80 0 15.8 28.1 0.0 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1 47,285 43,685 3,600 19.4 35.3 3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 60 45 15 11.9 15.8 6.7 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3 10,740 8,785 1,960 4.4 7.1 1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 25 10 10 5.0 3.5 4.4 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6 9,225 6,410 2,820 3.8 5.2 2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 505 285 225 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 243,330 123,685 119,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 10 10 0 2.0 3.5 0.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 6,930 3,810 3,120 2.8 3.1 2.6
All industries191 495 275 225 98.0 96.5 100.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 236,405 119,880 116,525 97.2 96.9 97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 65 45 20 12.9 15.8 8.9 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5 9,425 7,130 2,290 3.9 5.8 1.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5 9,715 8,125 1,590 4.0 6.6 1.3
22 Utilities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4 2,795 2,100 690 1.1 1.7 0.6
23 Construction 25 25 0 5.0 8.8 0.0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2 19,380 17,220 2,160 8.0 13.9 1.8
31-33 Manufacturing 20 20 0 4.0 7.0 0.0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8 11,670 7,960 3,705 4.8 6.4 3.1
41 Wholesale trade 25 15 15 5.0 5.3 6.7 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2 4,780 3,570 1,210 2.0 2.9 1.0
44-45 Retail trade 50 35 15 9.9 12.3 6.7 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1 29,955 13,220 16,730 12.3 10.7 14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 15 15 0 3.0 5.3 0.0 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6 11,815 8,955 2,865 4.9 7.2 2.4
51 Information and cultural industries 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8 2,740 1,495 1,240 1.1 1.2 1.0
52 Finance and insurance 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 4.4 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9 4,610 1,530 3,080 1.9 1.2 2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7 2,125 1,285 845 0.9 1.0 0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 20 0 15 4.0 0.0 6.7 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5 11,525 6,680 4,845 4.7 5.4 4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3 260 135 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 20 10 0 4.0 3.5 0.0 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6 7,470 4,505 2,970 3.1 3.6 2.5
61 Educational services 35 10 20 6.9 3.5 8.9 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6 17,205 5,565 11,635 7.1 4.5 9.7
62 Health care and social assistance 60 20 40 11.9 7.0 17.8 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4 40,245 6,895 33,345 16.5 5.6 27.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 20 10 0 4.0 3.5 0.0 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8 3,765 1,895 1,875 1.5 1.5 1.6
72 Accommodation and food services 40 15 20 7.9 5.3 8.9 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6 15,310 6,005 9,310 6.3 4.9 7.8
81 Other services (except public administration) 25 15 10 5.0 5.3 4.4 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6 9,885 4,720 5,160 4.1 3.8 4.3
91 Public administration 60 25 35 11.9 8.8 15.6 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4 21,725 10,875 10,850 8.9 8.8 9.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 545 295 250 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,975 136,470 131,505 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 500 275 225 91.7 93.2 90.0 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8 263,530 134,805 128,725 98.3 98.8 97.9
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8 430 145 285 0.2 0.1 0.2
Non-official language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8 295 145 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 70 110 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8 110 70 35 0.0 0.1 0.0
English and French 35 10 25 6.4 3.4 10.0 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3 2,565 865 1,700 1.0 0.6 1.3
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8 1,080 460 615 0.4 0.3 0.5
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 545 295 250 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,975 136,470 131,505 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 540 295 245 99.1 100.0 98.0 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8 267,450 136,280 131,175 99.8 99.9 99.7
Official languages 535 290 245 98.2 98.3 98.0 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3 266,895 136,025 130,870 99.6 99.7 99.5
English 535 290 245 98.2 98.3 98.0 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5 265,980 135,770 130,205 99.3 99.5 99.0
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7 915 250 665 0.3 0.2 0.5
Non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5 560 255 300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 395 160 235 0.1 0.1 0.2
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1 380 155 220 0.1 0.1 0.2
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 155 220 0.1 0.1 0.2
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 155 220 0.1 0.1 0.2
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4 165 95 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2 525 185 335 0.2 0.1 0.3
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6 275 95 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6 245 95 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 545 295 250 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,975 136,470 131,505 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 505 275 225 92.7 93.2 90.0 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5 264,780 135,285 129,495 98.8 99.1 98.5
English 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3 725 210 510 0.3 0.2 0.4
French 35 10 20 6.4 3.4 8.0 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0 1,820 670 1,150 0.7 0.5 0.9
Non-official language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6 555 225 330 0.2 0.2 0.3
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1 205 55 155 0.1 0.0 0.1
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5 350 170 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3 35 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 465 250 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0 206,285 101,470 104,810 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 140 60 80 30.1 24.0 37.2 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8 26,785 11,395 15,390 13.0 11.2 14.7
Worked outside Canada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2 425 355 70 0.2 0.3 0.1
No fixed workplace address 55 35 25 11.8 14.0 11.6 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6 31,185 22,560 8,620 15.1 22.2 8.2
Usual place of work 265 155 110 57.0 62.0 51.2 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4 147,885 67,155 80,735 71.7 66.2 77.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 265 155 110 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 147,890 67,155 80,730 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 55 30 30 20.8 19.4 27.3 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4 82,225 35,265 46,960 55.6 52.5 58.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 145 70 65 54.7 45.2 59.1 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1 56,600 25,895 30,700 38.3 38.6 38.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8 6,465 3,875 2,595 4.4 5.8 3.2
Commute to a different province or territory 60 50 10 22.6 32.3 9.1 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7 2,600 2,115 485 1.8 3.1 0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 320 190 130 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 179,070 89,715 89,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 300 175 125 93.8 92.1 96.2 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1 159,145 78,195 80,950 88.9 87.2 90.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver 285 170 115 89.1 89.5 88.5 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8 143,960 71,835 72,125 80.4 80.1 80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 10 0 10 3.1 0.0 7.7 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3 15,190 6,355 8,825 8.5 7.1 9.9
Public transit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6 3,580 2,145 1,440 2.0 2.4 1.6
Walked 15 10 0 4.7 5.3 0.0 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2 8,680 3,725 4,950 4.8 4.2 5.5
Bicycle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8 235 170 65 0.1 0.2 0.1
Other method 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3 7,435 5,480 1,950 4.2 6.1 2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 320 190 130 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 179,070 89,715 89,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 95 55 40 29.7 28.9 30.8 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2 92,060 42,265 49,795 51.4 47.1 55.7
15 to 29 minutes 120 60 60 37.5 31.6 46.2 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3 55,765 28,095 27,670 31.1 31.3 31.0
30 to 44 minutes 65 50 20 20.3 26.3 15.4 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0 15,825 8,725 7,105 8.8 9.7 8.0
45 to 59 minutes 15 10 0 4.7 5.3 0.0 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1 5,090 2,870 2,215 2.8 3.2 2.5
60 minutes and over 25 15 10 7.8 7.9 7.7 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4 10,330 7,760 2,570 5.8 8.6 2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 320 190 130 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 179,070 89,715 89,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 25 15 10 7.8 7.9 7.7 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9 8,625 6,615 2,015 4.8 7.4 2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 50 15 30 15.6 7.9 23.1 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4 22,605 15,340 7,260 12.6 17.1 8.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 100 70 30 31.3 36.8 23.1 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5 53,845 28,445 25,400 30.1 31.7 28.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 70 50 20 21.9 26.3 15.4 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2 48,930 20,070 28,860 27.3 22.4 32.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 20 0 10 6.3 0.0 7.7 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3 20,935 7,055 13,885 11.7 7.9 15.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 65 40 25 20.3 21.1 19.2 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7 24,125 12,195 11,935 13.5 13.6 13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 180 95 85 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 85,265 43,900 41,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 20 15 5 11.1 15.8 5.9 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4 2,955 1,475 1,480 3.5 3.4 3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 160 85 75 88.9 89.5 88.2 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6 82,310 42,425 39,885 96.5 96.6 96.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 145 80 65 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0 64,755 33,355 31,405 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 15 10 5 10.3 12.5 7.7 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9 2,220 1,110 1,105 3.4 3.3 3.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 10 0 5 6.9 0.0 7.7 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9 1,200 580 620 1.9 1.7 2.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 10 10 0 6.9 12.5 0.0 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9 1,015 530 485 1.6 1.6 1.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 130 75 60 89.7 93.8 92.3 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1 62,540 32,245 30,290 96.6 96.7 96.4

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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