Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lambton--Kent--MiddlesexMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,242	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	105,331	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	47,601	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	43,979	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	22.6	...	...	22.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,919.10	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,240	55,520	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,170	9,870	9,295	17.2	17.8	16.7
0 to 4 years	5,940	3,080	2,855	5.3	5.5	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,470	3,270	3,200	5.8	5.9	5.7
10 to 14 years	6,765	3,520	3,240	6.1	6.3	5.8
15 to 64 years	67,475	33,895	33,580	60.7	61.1	60.3
15 to 19 years	6,250	3,225	3,025	5.6	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,445	2,890	2,555	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	5,590	2,850	2,735	5.0	5.1	4.9
30 to 34 years	6,170	3,125	3,045	5.5	5.6	5.5
35 to 39 years	6,395	3,160	3,235	5.7	5.7	5.8
40 to 44 years	6,265	3,170	3,100	5.6	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	6,410	3,165	3,245	5.8	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	7,010	3,485	3,520	6.3	6.3	6.3
55 to 59 years	8,740	4,315	4,430	7.9	7.8	8.0
60 to 64 years	9,210	4,520	4,690	8.3	8.1	8.4
65 years and over	24,595	11,755	12,845	22.1	21.2	23.1
65 to 69 years	8,000	4,020	3,980	7.2	7.2	7.1
70 to 74 years	6,485	3,185	3,300	5.8	5.7	5.9
75 to 79 years	4,540	2,195	2,340	4.1	4.0	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,805	1,270	1,535	2.5	2.3	2.8
85 years and over	2,760	1,075	1,685	2.5	1.9	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,655	720	930	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	835	305	535	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	245	50	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.8	16.7	17.2	17.8	16.7
15 to 64 years	60.7	61.1	60.3	60.7	61.1	60.3
65 years and over	22.1	21.2	23.1	22.1	21.2	23.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.9	3.0	2.5	1.9	3.0
Average age of the population	43.4	42.6	44.2	43.4	42.6	44.2
Median age of the population	45.2	44.0	46.4	45.2	44.0	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	37,050	...	...	84.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,250	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	1,235	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	400	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,230	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,570	...	...	24.0	...	...
2 persons	17,340	...	...	39.4	...	...
3 persons	6,130	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	6,115	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,825	...	...	8.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,325	54,685	54,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,070	45,650	46,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,570	29,280	29,290	63.6	64.1	63.1
Married	49,545	24,780	24,760	53.8	54.3	53.3
Living common-law	9,025	4,495	4,525	9.8	9.8	9.7
Living common law - Never married	5,560	2,785	2,780	6.0	6.1	6.0
Living common law - Separated	670	335	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,395	1,220	1,175	2.6	2.7	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	395	160	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	33,500	16,365	17,130	36.4	35.8	36.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,535	11,605	8,930	22.3	25.4	19.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,480	1,205	1,280	2.7	2.6	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,620	2,190	2,435	5.0	4.8	5.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,855	1,370	4,490	6.4	3.0	9.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,840	...	...	54.1	...	...
3 persons	6,035	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 persons	5,885	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,200	...	...	9.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,840	...	...	87.5	...	...
Married couples	24,330	...	...	73.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,570	...	...	35.1	...	...
Without children	12,765	...	...	38.7	...	...
Common-law couples	4,510	...	...	13.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,830	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	2,680	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,125	...	...	12.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,040	...	...	9.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,090	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,325	54,685	54,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	94,845	47,600	47,245	86.8	87.0	86.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,675	28,805	28,870	52.8	52.7	52.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,125	1,085	3,035	3.8	2.0	5.6
Children⁶	33,040	17,705	15,335	30.2	32.4	28.1
In a two-parent family	26,465	14,005	12,460	24.2	25.6	22.8
In a one-parent family	6,575	3,700	2,875	6.0	6.8	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,485	7,085	7,395	13.2	13.0	13.5
Living alone	10,570	5,020	5,550	9.7	9.2	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,720	755	970	1.6	1.4	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,190	1,310	880	2.0	2.4	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,410	...	...	69.1	...	...
Couple-family households	27,110	...	...	61.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,590	...	...	28.6	...	...
Without children	14,520	...	...	33.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,300	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	845	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	910	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,065	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	10,570	...	...	24.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,185	44,830	45,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,875	43,650	44,230	97.4	97.4	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	36,800	42,400	49,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,910	43,670	44,240	97.5	97.4	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	33,600	38,400	43,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,510	40,235	39,280	88.2	89.8	86.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,400	28,200	36,000	44,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,935	33,845	30,090	70.9	75.5	66.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	30,200	36,800	43,600	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,990	38,755	40,235	87.6	86.4	88.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	7,650	11,200	9,500	7,650	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,990	3,865	4,125	8.9	8.6	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,560	5,480	5,440	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,145	9,815	10,330	22.3	21.9	22.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,130	44,795	45,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,745	43,565	44,175	97.4	97.3	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	60,550	44,360	52,400	60,550	44,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,785	43,595	44,190	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	50,040	38,320	44,160	50,040	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,160	40,065	39,100	87.8	89.4	86.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,450	37,680	47,200	56,450	37,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,865	33,855	30,015	70.9	75.6	66.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	53,700	37,800	46,240	53,700	37,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,435	39,055	40,380	88.1	87.2	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,850	9,650	12,020	10,850	9,650	12,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,050	3,920	4,130	8.9	8.8	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,750	7,110	6,450	5,750	7,110
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,275	9,960	10,320	22.5	22.2	22.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,090	7,620	8,550	8,090	7,620	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,135	44,790	45,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,325	17,945	12,380	33.6	40.1	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	65,500	54,400	60,400	65,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	75,600	61,650	69,900	75,600	61,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,340	11,165	13,175	27.0	24.9	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,400	16,800	19,000	22,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,240	33,760	23,540	28,240	33,760	23,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	85.8	75.2	81.2	85.8	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	68.8	57.9	64.2	68.8	57.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.8	14.3	24.8	18.8	14.3	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.6	4.3	3.3	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.9	4.5	3.6	2.9	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,190	44,825	45,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,310	1,180	1,130	2.6	2.6	2.5
With total income	87,875	43,645	44,225	97.4	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,470	2,755	3,715	7.4	6.3	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,785	4,290	6,495	12.3	9.8	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	13,235	5,615	7,615	15.1	12.9	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,910	4,770	6,140	12.4	10.9	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,165	4,790	5,375	11.6	11.0	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,870	4,520	4,345	10.1	10.4	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,970	3,860	3,115	7.9	8.8	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,115	3,035	2,080	5.8	7.0	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,835	2,445	1,395	4.4	5.6	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,920	1,770	1,155	3.3	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	8,595	5,800	2,795	9.8	13.3	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	6,155	3,990	2,160	7.0	9.1	4.9
$150,000 and over	2,440	1,810	630	2.8	4.1	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,190	44,825	45,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,275	1,155	1,120	2.5	2.6	2.5
With after-tax income	87,915	43,670	44,240	97.5	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,910	2,895	4,010	7.9	6.6	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,205	4,495	6,705	12.7	10.3	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,840	6,315	8,525	16.9	14.5	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	13,210	6,020	7,190	15.0	13.8	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,975	5,965	6,005	13.6	13.7	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,560	5,265	4,300	10.9	12.1	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,440	3,840	2,605	7.3	8.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,495	2,765	1,735	5.1	6.3	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,365	1,925	1,435	3.8	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	1,295	645	2.2	3.0	1.5
$100,000 and over	3,970	2,885	1,085	4.5	6.6	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,145	1,535	610	2.4	3.5	1.4
$125,000 and over	1,825	1,350	475	2.1	3.1	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,190	44,825	45,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,255	10,980	15,270	29.1	24.5	33.7
With employment income	63,935	33,845	30,090	70.9	75.5	66.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,805	4,980	4,825	15.3	14.7	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,960	2,130	2,835	7.8	6.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,500	3,405	4,095	11.7	10.1	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,800	2,585	3,215	9.1	7.6	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,665	2,715	2,950	8.9	8.0	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,225	3,020	3,205	9.7	8.9	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,205	2,870	2,330	8.1	8.5	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	2,550	1,740	6.7	7.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,330	2,135	1,200	5.2	6.3	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	1,710	880	4.0	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,325	1,370	955	3.6	4.0	3.2
$100,000 and over	6,250	4,380	1,865	9.8	12.9	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,245	2,085	1,160	5.1	6.2	3.9
$125,000 and over	3,005	2,300	705	4.7	6.8	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,185	44,830	45,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,545	42,995	43,550	96.0	95.9	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	34,800	40,800	48,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,590	43,005	43,585	96.0	95.9	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	31,800	36,800	42,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,790	39,810	38,980	87.4	88.8	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	29,600	37,200	46,000	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,310	33,925	30,380	71.3	75.7	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	31,600	38,000	45,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,255	36,960	38,295	83.4	82.4	84.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	2,140	7,750	5,480	2,140	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,170	3,415	3,755	8.0	7.6	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,080	5,720	5,440	5,080	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,130	44,795	45,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,480	42,970	43,515	96.0	95.9	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	62,950	42,000	52,400	62,950	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,530	42,975	43,560	96.0	95.9	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	51,200	36,280	43,680	51,200	36,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,580	39,700	38,880	87.2	88.6	85.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,640	61,350	37,680	49,640	61,350	37,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,375	34,005	30,370	71.4	75.9	67.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,520	54,450	37,680	46,520	54,450	37,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,545	37,030	38,515	83.8	82.7	84.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,360	7,290	9,400	8,360	7,290	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,130	3,350	3,780	7.9	7.5	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,625	7,930	6,850	5,625	7,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,135	44,790	45,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,160	17,810	12,355	33.5	39.8	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	62,800	50,400	57,200	62,800	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	73,700	57,400	67,000	73,700	57,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,205	10,645	12,560	25.7	23.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	30,400	20,000	23,400	30,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,240	40,280	27,240	33,240	40,280	27,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	90.0	80.2	86.0	90.0	80.2
Employment income (%)	66.0	68.4	62.6	66.0	68.4	62.6
Government transfers (%)	13.9	10.0	19.8	13.9	10.0	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,600	...	...	104,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,560	...	...	50,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,240	...	...	43,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,700	...	...	121,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	775	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,535	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,280	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,575	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,605	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,540	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,145	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,020	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,650	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,655	...	...	42.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,715	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,190	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,830	...	...	11.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,920	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	795	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,595	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,755	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,835	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,835	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,810	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,690	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,700	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,435	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,260	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,055	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,815	...	...	33.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,805	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,770	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,245	...	...	11.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,760	6,330	6,425	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,400	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,000	32,400	35,200	38,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,600	...	...	103,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,800	...	...	127,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,900	...	...	80,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,900	...	...	71,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,795	6,415	6,385	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,920	53,000	44,760	48,920	53,000	44,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	44,560	39,440	42,000	44,560	39,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,325	54,685	54,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,965	11,830	11,140	21.0	21.6	20.4
0 to 5 years	7,195	3,715	3,480	6.6	6.8	6.4
18 to 64 years	63,015	31,525	31,490	57.6	57.6	57.6
65 years and over	23,340	11,335	12,010	21.3	20.7	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,695	4,555	5,145	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,970	1,035	940	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	735	385	350	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,900	2,405	2,500	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,825	1,120	1,705	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.9	8.3	9.4	8.9	8.3	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.7	8.4	8.6	8.7	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	10.3	10.0	10.2	10.3	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.6	7.9	7.8	7.6	7.9
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.9	14.2	12.1	9.9	14.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,970	53,995	53,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,660	11,660	10,995	21.0	21.6	20.4
0 to 5 years	7,110	3,665	3,445	6.6	6.8	6.4
18 to 64 years	62,245	31,135	31,105	57.7	57.7	57.6
65 years and over	23,070	11,195	11,870	21.4	20.7	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,260	1,210	1,050	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	345	185	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	70	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,640	885	750	...	...	...
65 years and over	275	140	135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.9	2.4	2.6	2.9	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,325	54,685	54,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,775	25,390	26,390	47.4	46.4	48.3
In bottom decile	7,960	3,900	4,055	7.3	7.1	7.4
In second decile	10,385	4,790	5,595	9.5	8.8	10.2
In third decile	10,735	5,285	5,450	9.8	9.7	10.0
In fourth decile	11,015	5,510	5,505	10.1	10.1	10.1
In fifth decile	11,690	5,905	5,780	10.7	10.8	10.6
In top half of the distribution	57,550	29,295	28,250	52.6	53.6	51.7
In sixth decile	11,990	6,115	5,875	11.0	11.2	10.8
In seventh decile	12,165	6,135	6,030	11.1	11.2	11.0
In eighth decile	12,080	6,150	5,925	11.0	11.2	10.8
In ninth decile	11,635	5,955	5,685	10.6	10.9	10.4
In top decile	9,670	4,940	4,735	8.8	9.0	8.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,325	...	...	109,325	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.422	...	...	0.422	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,155	55,100	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,460	52,585	51,875	94.8	95.4	94.2
French only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,160	2,265	2,895	4.7	4.1	5.3
Neither English nor French	510	245	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,155	55,100	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,550	54,300	54,245	98.5	98.5	98.5
French	1,015	520	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	480	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,155	55,100	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,790	54,425	54,365	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	100,840	50,565	50,270	91.5	91.8	91.3
English	99,715	49,995	49,720	90.5	90.7	90.3
French	1,125	570	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	7,950	3,860	4,090	7.2	7.0	7.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,900	3,840	4,065	7.2	7.0	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,865	3,330	3,540	6.2	6.0	6.4
Albanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	405	520	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	395	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,435	1,680	1,750	3.1	3.0	3.2
Frisian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,065	520	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	1,050	515	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,295	1,120	1,175	2.1	2.0	2.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,620	795	825	1.5	1.4	1.5
Low German, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	445	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	310	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,080	1,015	1,065	1.9	1.8	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	270	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	1,295	615	675	1.2	1.1	1.2
Romanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	165	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,365	680	685	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	390	180	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	885	455	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,155	55,100	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	103,010	51,680	51,335	93.5	93.8	93.3
French	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,595	795	800	1.4	1.4	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,585	785	795	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	855	355	500	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	4,400	2,135	2,265	4.0	3.9	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,155	55,100	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,345	54,725	54,625	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	106,645	53,375	53,270	96.8	96.9	96.8
English	106,445	53,285	53,160	96.6	96.7	96.6
French	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	2,705	1,350	1,360	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,680	1,330	1,350	2.4	2.4	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,160	1,045	1,115	2.0	1.9	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	895	440	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	390	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	245	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	790	375	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	530	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	805	380	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	675	325	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,150	55,105	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,455	52,870	52,580	95.7	95.9	95.5
English	1,065	525	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	690	285	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,640	1,260	1,380	2.4	2.3	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	170	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,470	1,185	1,280	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,215	54,625	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,785	54,420	54,360	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	108,775	54,420	54,360	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	4,970	2,075	2,895	4.6	3.8	5.3
Non-official languages	10,290	4,990	5,300	9.4	9.1	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	290	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,970	4,820	5,150	9.1	8.8	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	185	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,530	4,050	4,485	7.8	7.4	8.2
Albanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,075	460	615	1.0	0.8	1.1
Baltic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,030	440	590	0.9	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	420	160	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	170	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,915	1,890	2,025	3.6	3.5	3.7
Frisian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	1,320	695	625	1.2	1.3	1.1
German	1,320	695	625	1.2	1.3	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,615	1,215	1,400	2.4	2.2	2.6
Afrikaans	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,920	880	1,040	1.8	1.6	1.9
Low German, n.o.s.	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	470	220	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Scandinavian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	370	205	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	295	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,145	1,510	1,640	2.9	2.8	3.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	1,745	825	920	1.6	1.5	1.7
Romanian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,060	495	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,215	54,620	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,560	2,345	2,220	4.2	4.3	4.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,360	2,265	2,100	4.0	4.1	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,265	1,735	1,535	3.0	3.2	2.8
Métis	1,065	515	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	104,655	52,285	52,370	95.8	95.7	95.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,215	54,620	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,690	1,410	1,275	2.5	2.6	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,525	53,210	53,315	97.5	97.4	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,410	...	...	80.5	...	...
Renter	8,405	...	...	19.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not condominium	42,650	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,615	...	...	5.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,920	...	...	20.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,010	...	...	43.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,355	...	...	30.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,275	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,475	...	...	12.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,790	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	7,400	...	...	16.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,025	...	...	43.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,725	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,870	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,100	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,910	...	...	33.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,705	...	...	26.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,580	...	...	10.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,545	...	...	10.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,795	...	...	4.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,755	...	...	4.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,705	...	...	3.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,975	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,195	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,775	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,400	...	...	46.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,355	...	...	50.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,210	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	620	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,780	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,590	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,190	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,960	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,440	...	...	19.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,855	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,535	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,390	...	...	86.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,480	...	...	13.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,125	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,720	...	...	19.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,980	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not suitable only	910	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,205	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	440	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,250	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,315	...	...	5.7	...	...
Not in core need	38,195	...	...	94.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,760	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1	...	...	56.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,242	...	...	1,242	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	538,500	...	...	538,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,205	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.6	...	...	13.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.6	...	...	29.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	952	...	...	952	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	528	...	...	528	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,210	54,625	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,195	1,145	1,050	2.0	2.1	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,195	1,145	1,050	2.0	2.1	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,035	1,070	965	1.9	2.0	1.8
Métis single ancestry	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,200	1,580	1,620	2.9	2.9	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,120	1,560	1,565	2.9	2.9	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,165	1,095	1,070	2.0	2.0	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	925	450	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,815	51,895	51,920	95.1	95.0	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,210	54,625	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,240	53,560	53,680	98.2	98.1	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,760	11,705	11,055	20.8	21.4	20.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,475	41,855	42,625	77.4	76.6	78.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,975	1,060	910	1.8	1.9	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,210	54,625	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,230	49,725	49,505	90.9	91.0	90.7
Immigrants⁸¹	9,655	4,660	4,995	8.8	8.5	9.2
Before 1980	5,220	2,475	2,745	4.8	4.5	5.0
1980 to 1990	1,405	660	745	1.3	1.2	1.4
1991 to 2000	1,020	500	520	0.9	0.9	1.0
2001 to 2010	1,045	520	520	1.0	1.0	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	955	505	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
2011 to 2015	385	225	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
2016 to 2021	570	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	330	235	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,655	4,660	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,435	660	780	14.9	14.2	15.6
5 to 14 years	2,670	1,385	1,285	27.7	29.7	25.7
15 to 24 years	2,220	1,050	1,170	23.0	22.5	23.4
25 to 44 years	2,935	1,375	1,560	30.4	29.5	31.2
45 years and over	390	195	200	4.0	4.2	4.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,655	4,660	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,885	840	1,040	19.5	18.0	20.8
Brazil	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Colombia	125	55	70	1.3	1.2	1.4
El Salvador	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
Guyana	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	55	55	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	585	265	320	6.1	5.7	6.4
Peru	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	75	40	40	0.8	0.9	0.8
United States of America	670	260	410	6.9	5.6	8.2
Other places of birth in Americas	190	110	80	2.0	2.4	1.6
Europe	6,535	3,155	3,380	67.7	67.7	67.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	60	20	35	0.6	0.4	0.7
France	40	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Germany	365	180	190	3.8	3.9	3.8
Greece	75	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hungary	105	45	65	1.1	1.0	1.3
Italy	105	55	50	1.1	1.2	1.0
Netherlands	1,615	805	810	16.7	17.3	16.2
Poland	305	130	170	3.2	2.8	3.4
Portugal	1,040	505	540	10.8	10.8	10.8
Romania	115	50	60	1.2	1.1	1.2
Russian Federation	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	25	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Ukraine	50	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,885	905	985	19.5	19.4	19.7
Other places of birth in Europe	655	345	310	6.8	7.4	6.2
Africa	170	125	50	1.8	2.7	1.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	15	0.5	0.5	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	95	70	30	1.0	1.5	0.6
Asia	1,010	525	485	10.5	11.3	9.7
Afghanistan	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	60	40	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	105	50	55	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	170	55	115	1.8	1.2	2.3
Viet Nam	70	35	35	0.7	0.8	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	120	80	2.1	2.6	1.6
Pakistan	60	25	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sri Lanka	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	155	95	60	1.6	2.0	1.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	565	280	285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	250	120	135	44.2	42.9	47.4
Brazil	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.5
Colombia	20	10	10	3.5	3.6	3.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	2.7	3.6	3.5
Mexico	110	60	50	19.5	21.4	17.5
United States of America	65	25	40	11.5	8.9	14.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10	4.4	5.4	3.5
Europe	105	55	45	18.6	19.6	15.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	3.5	3.6	3.5
Ukraine	15	0	15	2.7	0.0	5.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	10	5.3	8.9	3.5
Other places of birth in Europe	40	25	15	7.1	8.9	5.3
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	210	105	105	37.2	37.5	36.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	2.7	0.0	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	50	35	15.0	17.9	12.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	2.7	3.6	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	25	40	10.6	8.9	14.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	15	10	3.5	5.4	3.5
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,215	54,620	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,655	5,225	5,430	9.8	9.6	9.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,775	8,935	8,840	16.3	16.4	16.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,785	40,465	40,320	74.0	74.1	73.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,430	2,185	2,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,175	1,135	1,045	49.1	51.9	46.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	785	565	220	17.7	25.9	9.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,385	570	820	31.3	26.1	36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,630	725	910	36.8	33.2	40.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	585	320	265	13.2	14.6	11.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,430	2,185	2,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	95	75	3.7	4.3	3.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	535	295	240	12.1	13.5	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	95	100	4.4	4.3	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	245	115	130	5.5	5.3	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	15	60	1.6	0.7	2.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,215	1,570	1,645	72.6	71.9	73.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,215	54,620	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,560	1,865	1,695	3.3	3.4	3.1
South Asian	745	440	310	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Black	800	455	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Filipino	345	145	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	465	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	105,655	52,760	52,895	96.7	96.6	96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,215	54,625	54,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,865	10,150	9,720	18.2	18.6	17.8
English	32,705	15,855	16,855	29.9	29.0	30.9
Irish	24,225	11,760	12,465	22.2	21.5	22.8
Scottish	26,395	13,065	13,325	24.2	23.9	24.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,750	5,125	5,630	9.8	9.4	10.3
German	12,730	6,285	6,445	11.7	11.5	11.8
Chinese	385	205	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italian	3,205	1,630	1,570	2.9	3.0	2.9
Indian (India)	470	260	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukrainian	1,760	815	945	1.6	1.5	1.7
Dutch	15,695	8,050	7,645	14.4	14.7	14.0
Polish	2,510	1,200	1,315	2.3	2.2	2.4
Québécois	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,020	1,955	2,060	3.7	3.6	3.8
Filipino	310	115	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	1,405	585	825	1.3	1.1	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,010	985	1,025	1.8	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,270	1,205	1,065	2.1	2.2	2.0
Métis	1,150	550	605	1.1	1.0	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,575	780	800	1.4	1.4	1.5
Russian	735	330	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	500	240	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Welsh	2,415	1,105	1,310	2.2	2.0	2.4
Portuguese	3,190	1,590	1,600	2.9	2.9	2.9
American	1,190	505	685	1.1	0.9	1.3
Spanish	425	225	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	1,555	760	795	1.4	1.4	1.5
Acadian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	440	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	225	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	505	265	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Lebanese	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	70	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	525	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	615	325	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	770	375	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	390	210	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belgian	3,715	1,940	1,770	3.4	3.6	3.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	680	325	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mennonite	655	335	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swiss	385	235	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	365	210	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	105	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	145	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	595	280	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	475	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Newfoundlander	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	665	340	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	530	285	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	110	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	310	110	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Macedonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	125	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,215	54,620	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	69,415	33,195	36,215	63.6	60.8	66.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,085	4,375	4,705	8.3	8.0	8.6
Anabaptist	635	305	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Anglican	5,775	2,635	3,140	5.3	4.8	5.8
Baptist	2,835	1,380	1,450	2.6	2.5	2.7
Catholic	27,465	13,410	14,055	25.1	24.6	25.7
Christian Orthodox	545	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	425	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	890	405	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,330	675	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
Presbyterian	3,530	1,650	1,875	3.2	3.0	3.4
Reformed	1,580	755	830	1.4	1.4	1.5
United Church	11,750	5,420	6,335	10.8	9.9	11.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,265	1,560	1,710	3.0	2.9	3.1
Hindu	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	460	245	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	290	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	330	130	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	38,250	20,630	17,620	35.0	37.8	32.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,065	54,030	54,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,955	49,445	49,510	91.6	91.5	91.6
Movers	9,115	4,585	4,525	8.4	8.5	8.4
Non-migrants	3,435	1,675	1,760	3.2	3.1	3.3
Migrants	5,675	2,910	2,765	5.3	5.4	5.1
Internal migrants	5,445	2,780	2,665	5.0	5.1	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,205	2,655	2,550	4.8	4.9	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	225	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,245	51,455	51,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,305	34,730	34,570	67.1	67.5	66.7
Movers	33,945	16,720	17,225	32.9	32.5	33.3
Non-migrants	10,150	4,865	5,290	9.8	9.5	10.2
Migrants	23,795	11,860	11,935	23.0	23.0	23.0
Internal migrants	23,030	11,445	11,585	22.3	22.2	22.4
Intraprovincial migrants	22,030	10,915	11,120	21.3	21.2	21.5
Interprovincial migrants	995	535	465	1.0	1.0	0.9
External migrants	765	415	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,130	44,790	45,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,260	10,305	7,950	20.3	23.0	17.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,875	34,485	37,390	79.7	77.0	82.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,165	27,490	27,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,605	4,100	2,505	12.0	14.9	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,560	23,390	25,170	88.0	85.1	90.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,135	44,790	45,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,300	9,040	7,260	18.1	20.2	16.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,370	13,855	13,510	30.4	30.9	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,470	21,890	24,580	51.6	48.9	54.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,615	16,250	16,365	36.2	36.3	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,005	5,385	1,620	7.8	12.0	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,905	1,875	1,035	3.2	4.2	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,090	3,510	580	4.5	7.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,240	10,290	13,950	26.9	23.0	30.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370	575	795	1.5	1.3	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,855	5,640	8,215	15.4	12.6	18.1
Bachelor's degree	9,715	3,810	5,905	10.8	8.5	13.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,025	395	635	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	215	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,380	995	1,380	2.6	2.2	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	370	230	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,165	27,485	27,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,705	3,540	2,160	10.3	12.9	7.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,690	8,500	7,195	28.4	30.9	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,770	15,445	18,325	61.2	56.2	66.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,525	11,620	11,900	42.6	42.3	43.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,555	3,585	970	8.3	13.0	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,790	1,190	605	3.2	4.3	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,765	2,395	365	5.0	8.7	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,075	7,665	10,415	32.8	27.9	37.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	895	375	525	1.6	1.4	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,245	3,825	6,420	18.6	13.9	23.2
Bachelor's degree	7,265	2,675	4,595	13.2	9.7	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	780	275	500	1.4	1.0	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	130	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,715	620	1,090	3.1	2.3	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	130	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,135	44,790	45,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,665	22,900	20,765	48.4	51.1	45.8
Education	2,700	570	2,130	3.0	1.3	4.7
13. Education	2,700	570	2,130	3.0	1.3	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,165	400	765	1.3	0.9	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,070	330	745	1.2	0.7	1.6
Humanities	1,795	650	1,150	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	385	85	295	0.4	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	140	280	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	165	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,275	1,380	3,890	5.9	3.1	8.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	130	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,620	80	1,535	1.8	0.2	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	615	145	470	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	840	170	665	0.9	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,695	805	890	1.9	1.8	2.0
Business, management and public administration	7,480	2,600	4,890	8.3	5.8	10.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885	145	740	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,590	2,450	4,135	7.3	5.5	9.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,130	520	610	1.3	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	225	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	105	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	240	145	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,265	835	435	1.4	1.9	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	645	220	1.0	1.4	0.5
25. Library science	135	25	115	0.1	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	245	140	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,565	10,055	510	11.7	22.4	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	275	210	60	0.3	0.5	0.1
14. Engineering	875	765	115	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,470	2,280	195	2.7	5.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,595	2,540	60	2.9	5.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,815	2,780	45	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,525	1,480	40	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,635	1,830	800	2.9	4.1	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,340	1,650	690	2.6	3.7	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	185	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	8,840	1,325	7,510	9.8	3.0	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	880	420	465	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,830	825	7,005	8.7	1.8	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,585	1,710	1,875	4.0	3.8	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,825	315	1,505	2.0	0.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,100	755	345	1.2	1.7	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	645	625	20	0.7	1.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,165	27,490	27,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,395	12,045	9,355	38.8	43.8	33.8
Education	1,615	335	1,280	2.9	1.2	4.6
13. Education	1,615	335	1,280	2.9	1.2	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	800	245	560	1.5	0.9	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	745	200	545	1.4	0.7	2.0
Humanities	1,220	410	810	2.2	1.5	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	260	50	215	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	325	105	215	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	215	95	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,050	910	3,140	7.3	3.3	11.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	305	100	205	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,300	70	1,230	2.4	0.3	4.4
22. Legal professions and studies	505	90	415	0.9	0.3	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	590	95	490	1.1	0.3	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,230	530	700	2.2	1.9	2.5
Business, management and public administration	5,890	1,985	3,905	10.7	7.2	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	115	615	1.3	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,150	1,870	3,280	9.3	6.8	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	820	340	480	1.5	1.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	145	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	80	160	0.4	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	980	645	340	1.8	2.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715	530	185	1.3	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	105	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,480	7,080	400	13.6	25.8	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	220	160	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	590	500	90	1.1	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,815	1,660	150	3.3	6.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,785	1,745	40	3.2	6.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,975	1,940	35	3.6	7.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,095	1,075	20	2.0	3.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,870	1,230	640	3.4	4.5	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,635	1,090	545	3.0	4.0	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	140	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	6,385	990	5,395	11.6	3.6	19.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	695	330	365	1.3	1.2	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,620	615	5,000	10.2	2.2	18.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,630	1,270	1,365	4.8	4.6	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,260	210	1,055	2.3	0.8	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	910	615	295	1.6	2.2	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	435	15	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,165	27,490	27,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,395	12,045	9,355	38.8	43.8	33.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,770	15,450	18,325	61.2	56.2	66.2
Location of study inside Canada	31,865	14,545	17,320	57.8	52.9	62.6
Same as province or territory of residence	30,820	14,065	16,755	55.9	51.2	60.5
Different than province or territory of residence	1,045	480	565	1.9	1.7	2.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,900	900	1,000	3.4	3.3	3.6
Americas	795	385	410	1.4	1.4	1.5
United States of America	660	335	325	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mexico	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	615	295	320	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	120	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	375	180	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oceania	105	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Australia	105	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,135	44,790	45,345	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,875	30,075	25,800	...	...	...
Employed	50,960	27,680	23,275	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,920	2,395	2,525	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,255	14,710	19,545	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.0	67.1	56.9	62.0	67.1	56.9
Employment rate	56.5	61.8	51.3	56.5	61.8	51.3
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.0	9.8	8.8	8.0	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,135	44,790	45,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,315	14,500	18,815	37.0	32.4	41.5
Worked	56,815	30,290	26,530	63.0	67.6	58.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,150	18,465	12,685	34.6	41.2	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,665	11,825	13,845	28.5	26.4	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.3	41.0	42.2	43.3	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,880	30,080	25,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	470	370	1.5	1.6	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,035	29,605	25,430	98.5	98.4	98.6
Employee	45,450	23,475	21,975	81.3	78.0	85.2
Permanent position	39,445	20,470	18,975	70.6	68.1	73.5
Temporary position	6,015	3,005	3,005	10.8	10.0	11.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,650	750	900	3.0	2.5	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,360	2,260	2,105	7.8	7.5	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,585	6,130	3,455	17.2	20.4	13.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,880	30,080	25,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	470	370	1.5	1.6	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,035	29,605	25,430	98.5	98.4	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	560	410	150	1.0	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,495	2,040	5,455	13.4	6.8	21.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,795	2,195	605	5.0	7.3	2.3
3 Health occupations	4,895	630	4,270	8.8	2.1	16.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,525	1,650	3,875	9.9	5.5	15.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,050	375	670	1.9	1.2	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	11,750	4,610	7,145	21.0	15.3	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,295	11,295	1,000	22.0	37.5	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,085	3,795	1,290	9.1	12.6	5.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,590	2,610	980	6.4	8.7	3.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,880	30,080	25,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	470	370	1.5	1.6	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	55,035	29,605	25,430	98.5	98.4	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,350	3,655	1,700	9.6	12.2	6.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	235	220	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
22 Utilities	635	525	110	1.1	1.7	0.4
23 Construction	5,990	5,380	605	10.7	17.9	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	6,255	4,745	1,505	11.2	15.8	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,865	1,280	580	3.3	4.3	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	5,735	2,520	3,220	10.3	8.4	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,310	1,650	660	4.1	5.5	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	595	295	300	1.1	1.0	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,815	755	1,060	3.2	2.5	4.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	630	345	285	1.1	1.1	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,595	1,310	1,285	4.6	4.4	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,960	1,165	795	3.5	3.9	3.1
61 Educational services	3,605	920	2,685	6.5	3.1	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,575	1,025	6,550	13.6	3.4	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	940	460	480	1.7	1.5	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,445	965	1,480	4.4	3.2	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,295	1,205	1,085	4.1	4.0	4.2
91 Public administration	2,165	1,165	1,005	3.9	3.9	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,415	32,045	28,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,250	31,460	27,790	98.1	98.2	97.9
French	125	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	435	150	280	0.7	0.5	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	495	320	175	0.8	1.0	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,415	32,045	28,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,265	31,950	28,315	99.8	99.7	99.8
Official languages	60,105	31,840	28,260	99.5	99.4	99.6
English	59,875	31,800	28,075	99.1	99.2	98.9
French	225	40	185	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	160	105	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	105	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	95	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	75	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,415	32,045	28,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,605	31,645	27,960	98.7	98.8	98.5
English	170	45	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
French	285	135	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	315	190	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	290	180	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,960	27,680	23,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,690	5,210	5,485	21.0	18.8	23.6
Worked outside Canada	115	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,685	5,290	1,400	13.1	19.1	6.0
Usual place of work	33,460	17,110	16,355	65.7	61.8	70.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,460	17,105	16,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,935	7,185	7,750	44.6	42.0	47.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,800	5,925	5,870	35.3	34.6	35.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,675	3,960	2,715	19.9	23.2	16.6
Commute to a different province or territory	55	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,150	22,395	17,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,500	21,080	16,425	93.4	94.1	92.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,035	19,755	15,275	87.3	88.2	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,470	1,320	1,145	6.2	5.9	6.4
Public transit	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Walked	1,680	830	850	4.2	3.7	4.8
Bicycle	215	135	85	0.5	0.6	0.5
Other method	685	315	360	1.7	1.4	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,150	22,395	17,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,960	7,085	6,875	34.8	31.6	38.7
15 to 29 minutes	11,755	6,265	5,490	29.3	28.0	30.9
30 to 44 minutes	9,035	5,320	3,715	22.5	23.8	20.9
45 to 59 minutes	3,070	1,915	1,155	7.6	8.6	6.5
60 minutes and over	2,335	1,810	520	5.8	8.1	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,150	22,395	17,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,460	2,475	980	8.6	11.1	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,215	6,315	2,900	23.0	28.2	16.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,865	6,090	4,775	27.1	27.2	26.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,260	2,990	4,270	18.1	13.4	24.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,590	1,340	2,255	8.9	6.0	12.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,760	3,180	2,580	14.3	14.2	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,370	12,030	11,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,535	760	770	6.6	6.3	6.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,835	11,270	10,565	93.4	93.7	93.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,990	8,740	8,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,145	560	585	6.7	6.4	7.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	775	375	400	4.6	4.3	4.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	370	185	185	2.2	2.1	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,850	8,175	7,670	93.3	93.5	93.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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