Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kamloops, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	97,902	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	90,280	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	41,619	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,914	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	328.6	...	...	328.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	297.93	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	97,905	48,205	49,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,830	7,535	7,295	15.1	15.6	14.7
0 to 4 years	4,430	2,230	2,195	4.5	4.6	4.4
5 to 9 years	5,095	2,525	2,575	5.2	5.2	5.2
10 to 14 years	5,300	2,780	2,525	5.4	5.8	5.1
15 to 64 years	63,410	31,765	31,645	64.8	65.9	63.7
15 to 19 years	5,200	2,735	2,465	5.3	5.7	5.0
20 to 24 years	6,380	3,360	3,020	6.5	7.0	6.1
25 to 29 years	6,965	3,615	3,345	7.1	7.5	6.7
30 to 34 years	6,945	3,555	3,395	7.1	7.4	6.8
35 to 39 years	6,825	3,400	3,425	7.0	7.1	6.9
40 to 44 years	5,915	2,950	2,960	6.0	6.1	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,680	2,800	2,880	5.8	5.8	5.8
50 to 54 years	6,065	2,930	3,140	6.2	6.1	6.3
55 to 59 years	6,605	3,160	3,445	6.7	6.6	6.9
60 to 64 years	6,830	3,260	3,570	7.0	6.8	7.2
65 years and over	19,660	8,905	10,755	20.1	18.5	21.6
65 to 69 years	5,785	2,765	3,020	5.9	5.7	6.1
70 to 74 years	5,075	2,390	2,685	5.2	5.0	5.4
75 to 79 years	3,485	1,575	1,905	3.6	3.3	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,575	1,155	1,425	2.6	2.4	2.9
85 years and over	2,740	1,025	1,715	2.8	2.1	3.5
85 to 89 years	1,685	655	1,030	1.7	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	795	300	500	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	220	65	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.6	14.7	15.1	15.6	14.7
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.9	63.7	64.8	65.9	63.7
65 years and over	20.1	18.5	21.6	20.1	18.5	21.6
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.5	2.8	2.1	3.5
Average age of the population	42.4	41.3	43.6	42.4	41.3	43.6
Median age of the population	41.6	40.0	43.2	41.6	40.0	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,085	...	...	50.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,065	...	...	7.7	...	...
Row house	3,885	...	...	9.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,830	...	...	9.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,585	...	...	16.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	855	...	...	2.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,530	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,330	...	...	28.4	...	...
2 persons	14,685	...	...	36.8	...	...
3 persons	5,920	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	5,215	...	...	13.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,765	...	...	6.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,070	40,675	42,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,600	23,220	23,385	56.1	57.1	55.2
Married	36,315	18,070	18,245	43.7	44.4	43.0
Living common-law	10,285	5,145	5,140	12.4	12.6	12.1
Living common law - Never married	7,330	3,670	3,655	8.8	9.0	8.6
Living common law - Separated	515	270	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,190	1,105	1,090	2.6	2.7	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	250	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	36,475	17,455	19,015	43.9	42.9	44.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,360	13,035	10,325	28.1	32.0	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,510	1,075	1,440	3.0	2.6	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,850	2,325	3,520	7.0	5.7	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,760	1,025	3,735	5.7	2.5	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,215	...	...	56.5	...	...
3 persons	5,305	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	4,800	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,625	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,600	...	...	83.9	...	...
Married couples	17,465	...	...	64.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,360	...	...	31.0	...	...
Without children	9,105	...	...	33.8	...	...
Common-law couples	5,135	...	...	19.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,775	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	3,360	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,340	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,335	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,005	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	74,090	36,640	37,450	78.4	78.5	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,205	22,570	22,630	47.8	48.3	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,340	1,000	3,340	4.6	2.1	7.0
Children⁶	24,545	13,065	11,480	26.0	28.0	24.0
In a two-parent family	18,080	9,490	8,585	19.1	20.3	17.9
In a one-parent family	6,465	3,570	2,895	6.8	7.6	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,470	10,055	10,415	21.6	21.5	21.8
Living alone	11,330	5,180	6,150	12.0	11.1	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,380	1,010	1,370	2.5	2.2	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	6,760	3,865	2,895	7.1	8.3	6.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,880	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	19,645	...	...	49.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,810	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	10,835	...	...	27.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,235	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,010	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	335	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,865	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,495	...	...	6.3	...	...
One-person households	11,330	...	...	28.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,775	39,190	40,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,600	38,095	39,510	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,600	37,200	43,200	51,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,635	38,115	39,525	97.3	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	34,400	39,200	46,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,770	34,855	34,915	87.5	88.9	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,200	29,400	37,200	47,200	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,805	28,725	27,085	70.0	73.3	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,600	32,800	40,000	49,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,050	29,420	34,630	80.3	75.1	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,500	10,700	10,200	9,500	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,810	3,885	3,930	9.8	9.9	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,155	9,195	9,960	24.0	23.5	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,775	39,170	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,555	38,010	39,550	97.2	97.0	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	62,950	44,640	53,600	62,950	44,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,575	38,015	39,560	97.2	97.1	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	52,800	39,280	45,880	52,800	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,710	34,495	35,215	87.4	88.1	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	60,100	38,520	49,200	60,100	38,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,805	28,545	27,265	70.0	72.9	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	59,700	39,520	49,840	59,700	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,855	29,310	34,545	80.0	74.8	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,390	10,900	11,810	11,390	10,900	11,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,055	3,935	4,120	10.1	10.0	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590	6,270	6,900	6,590	6,270	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,245	9,130	10,125	24.1	23.3	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,280	8,780	8,540	8,280	8,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,770	39,165	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,690	14,345	11,345	32.2	36.6	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	76,000	56,000	65,500	76,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	83,400	61,600	73,700	83,400	61,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,945	10,495	12,450	28.8	26.8	30.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,400	18,000	20,800	25,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	40,760	25,880	32,680	40,760	25,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.6	86.6	76.8	82.6	86.6	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	71.2	61.0	66.8	71.2	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.5	13.4	23.1	17.5	13.4	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.0	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	5.0	4.0	3.2	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,770	39,190	40,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,170	1,100	1,075	2.7	2.8	2.6
With total income	77,600	38,090	39,510	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,140	2,545	3,590	7.9	6.7	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,595	3,390	5,205	11.1	8.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	11,445	4,700	6,745	14.7	12.3	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,900	4,160	5,745	12.8	10.9	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,715	3,755	4,960	11.2	9.9	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,465	3,505	3,955	9.6	9.2	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,765	3,085	2,680	7.4	8.1	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,340	2,490	1,850	5.6	6.5	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,545	2,140	1,400	4.6	5.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730	1,700	1,030	3.5	4.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	8,970	6,620	2,345	11.6	17.4	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,450	4,610	1,840	8.3	12.1	4.7
$150,000 and over	2,520	2,015	505	3.2	5.3	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,770	39,190	40,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,135	1,080	1,060	2.7	2.8	2.6
With after-tax income	77,640	38,115	39,520	97.3	97.3	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,405	2,625	3,775	8.2	6.9	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,875	3,505	5,370	11.4	9.2	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,920	5,320	7,600	16.6	14.0	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,565	4,970	6,595	14.9	13.0	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,980	4,505	5,480	12.9	11.8	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,875	4,080	3,795	10.1	10.7	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,745	3,330	2,410	7.4	8.7	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	2,630	1,665	5.5	6.9	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170	2,010	1,160	4.1	5.3	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210	1,555	655	2.8	4.1	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,605	3,580	1,025	5.9	9.4	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,645	2,055	595	3.4	5.4	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,960	1,530	435	2.5	4.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,770	39,190	40,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,965	10,470	13,500	30.0	26.7	33.3
With employment income	55,805	28,720	27,085	70.0	73.3	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,170	3,410	3,765	12.8	11.9	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,080	1,750	2,335	7.3	6.1	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	6,510	2,755	3,755	11.7	9.6	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,125	2,270	2,850	9.2	7.9	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,040	2,150	2,885	9.0	7.5	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,765	2,075	2,690	8.5	7.2	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545	2,065	2,480	8.1	7.2	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	1,945	1,670	6.5	6.8	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,040	1,770	1,270	5.4	6.2	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	1,705	1,035	4.9	5.9	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,425	795	4.0	5.0	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,955	5,405	1,555	12.5	18.8	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,545	2,560	985	6.4	8.9	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,410	2,840	570	6.1	9.9	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,775	39,190	40,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,585	37,025	38,555	94.7	94.5	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,800	34,000	40,800	50,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,735	37,040	38,690	94.9	94.5	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	31,000	36,800	44,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,130	34,450	34,685	86.7	87.9	85.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,800	30,000	38,000	48,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,840	29,580	28,260	72.5	75.5	69.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	49,200	31,200	38,400	49,200	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,945	22,220	29,725	65.1	56.7	73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	7,950	7,600	7,750	7,950	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,300	3,120	3,170	7.9	8.0	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,120	5,720	5,400	5,120	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,775	39,170	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,435	36,920	38,515	94.6	94.3	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	61,750	41,520	51,450	61,750	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,555	36,935	38,620	94.7	94.3	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	51,160	36,120	43,480	51,160	36,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,940	34,135	34,805	86.4	87.1	85.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	60,800	38,160	49,360	60,800	38,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,640	29,390	28,250	72.3	75.0	69.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280	58,600	37,520	48,280	58,600	37,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,810	22,055	29,755	64.9	56.3	73.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,180	9,240	9,140	9,180	9,240	9,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305	3,150	3,155	7.9	8.0	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110	6,110	8,110	7,110	6,110	8,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,770	39,165	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,455	14,190	11,265	31.9	36.2	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	73,000	51,600	61,600	73,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,400	79,800	56,150	69,400	79,800	56,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,585	9,880	11,700	27.1	25.2	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	32,800	22,800	26,400	32,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,320	48,560	29,720	38,320	48,560	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	91.0	83.0	87.8	91.0	83.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	75.6	66.2	71.8	75.6	66.2
Government transfers (%)	12.3	8.9	17.0	12.3	8.9	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,250	...	...	52,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,960	...	...	44,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	900	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,220	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,420	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,445	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,405	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,545	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,180	...	...	43.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,870	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,780	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,760	...	...	11.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,770	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	930	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,570	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,385	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,350	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,945	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,070	...	...	35.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,155	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,565	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,355	...	...	13.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,090	9,045	9,045	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	39,600	35,600	37,200	39,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	33,200	34,800	36,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,300	...	...	124,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,200	...	...	159,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	...	...	71,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,145	8,985	9,160	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,720	49,440	44,080	46,720	49,440	44,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600	42,440	38,800	40,600	42,440	38,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,805	9,080	8,720	18.8	19.4	18.2
0 to 5 years	5,430	2,740	2,690	5.7	5.9	5.6
18 to 64 years	59,090	29,345	29,740	62.5	62.8	62.1
65 years and over	17,670	8,270	9,400	18.7	17.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,095	3,695	4,395	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,530	810	720	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	455	235	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,500	2,150	2,350	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,060	740	1,320	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.6	7.9	9.2	8.6	7.9	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.9	8.3	8.6	8.9	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	8.5	8.2	8.4	8.5	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	7.3	7.9	7.6	7.3	7.9
65 years and over (%)	11.7	8.9	14.0	11.7	8.9	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,800	9,080	8,720	18.8	19.4	18.2
0 to 5 years	5,430	2,745	2,690	5.7	5.9	5.6
18 to 64 years	59,085	29,345	29,745	62.5	62.8	62.1
65 years and over	17,670	8,265	9,405	18.7	17.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,625	1,910	1,715	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	500	270	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,915	1,560	1,355	...	...	...
65 years and over	215	80	135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.1	3.6	3.8	4.1	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.3	4.6	4.9	5.3	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	42,925	20,515	22,405	45.4	43.9	46.8
In bottom decile	8,645	4,195	4,445	9.1	9.0	9.3
In second decile	8,135	3,695	4,445	8.6	7.9	9.3
In third decile	8,370	3,980	4,390	8.9	8.5	9.2
In fourth decile	8,580	4,120	4,455	9.1	8.8	9.3
In fifth decile	9,190	4,520	4,675	9.7	9.7	9.8
In top half of the distribution	51,635	26,180	25,460	54.6	56.1	53.2
In sixth decile	9,565	4,730	4,830	10.1	10.1	10.1
In seventh decile	10,155	5,110	5,045	10.7	10.9	10.5
In eighth decile	10,715	5,385	5,325	11.3	11.5	11.1
In ninth decile	11,650	5,975	5,675	12.3	12.8	11.9
In top decile	9,555	4,980	4,580	10.1	10.7	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,560	...	...	94,560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	95,985	47,335	48,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90,245	44,775	45,470	94.0	94.6	93.5
French only	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,300	2,365	2,925	5.5	5.0	6.0
Neither English nor French	430	185	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	95,985	47,335	48,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,665	46,715	47,955	98.6	98.7	98.6
French	820	410	410	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	400	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	95,985	47,335	48,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,175	46,485	47,690	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	85,165	42,125	43,040	88.7	89.0	88.5
English	84,265	41,690	42,575	87.8	88.1	87.5
French	900	435	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	9,015	4,365	4,645	9.4	9.2	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,920	4,320	4,600	9.3	9.1	9.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	615	230	385	0.6	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	180	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,180	3,095	3,085	6.4	6.5	6.3
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	840	375	465	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	830	375	460	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,235	575	660	1.3	1.2	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	850	395	450	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	795	370	425	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,635	1,450	1,185	2.7	3.1	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,525	1,395	1,130	2.6	2.9	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	125	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Gujarati	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	380	245	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,685	860	825	1.8	1.8	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,410	655	750	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	750	370	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	430	190	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	240	115	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	850	400	450	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	845	395	445	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	510	225	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	280	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,810	845	965	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,360	645	710	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	95,985	47,335	48,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,680	42,835	43,840	90.3	90.5	90.1
French	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,840	915	925	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,835	915	920	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	700	305	395	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,340	3,055	3,285	6.6	6.5	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	95,985	47,335	48,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,710	46,730	47,980	98.7	98.7	98.6
Official languages	90,805	44,755	46,045	94.6	94.5	94.6
English	90,630	44,665	45,965	94.4	94.4	94.5
French	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,910	1,975	1,930	4.1	4.2	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,900	1,970	1,930	4.1	4.2	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	265	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,545	1,300	1,250	2.7	2.7	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	215	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,700	935	765	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	910	745	1.7	1.9	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	220	145	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,190	620	570	1.2	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	420	180	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	515	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,275	605	670	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,140	550	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	95,985	47,335	48,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,645	44,290	45,360	93.4	93.6	93.2
English	1,700	865	835	1.8	1.8	1.7
French	565	240	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	3,285	1,555	1,725	3.4	3.3	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,170	1,505	1,660	3.3	3.2	3.4
English and French	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	390	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,555	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	94,175	46,515	47,660	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	94,170	46,515	47,660	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	5,285	2,300	2,985	5.6	4.9	6.2
Non-official languages	12,950	6,365	6,585	13.7	13.6	13.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	345	145	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,615	6,220	6,400	13.3	13.3	13.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	815	325	490	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	735	285	450	0.8	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	165	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,965	4,475	4,490	9.5	9.6	9.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	375	555	1.0	0.8	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	930	375	555	1.0	0.8	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	345	110	230	0.4	0.2	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Croatian	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	195	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,915	835	1,080	2.0	1.8	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,365	585	785	1.4	1.3	1.6
German	1,335	565	770	1.4	1.2	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	455	205	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,535	1,980	1,550	3.7	4.2	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,415	1,910	1,505	3.6	4.1	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,455	795	655	1.5	1.7	1.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,285	1,250	1,035	2.4	2.7	2.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	340	200	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,765	1,340	1,425	2.9	2.9	3.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,000	495	510	1.1	1.1	1.1
Portuguese	295	125	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,495	725	775	1.6	1.6	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	490	210	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korean	240	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	345	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	525	475	1.1	1.1	1.0
Chinese languages	980	515	465	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	695	355	340	0.7	0.8	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,885	4,760	5,125	10.5	10.2	10.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,500	4,600	4,905	10.0	9.9	10.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,460	2,625	2,840	5.8	5.6	5.9
Métis	4,020	1,960	2,065	4.3	4.2	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	260	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	84,675	41,930	42,740	89.5	89.8	89.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,980	1,880	2,105	4.2	4.0	4.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,575	44,815	45,765	95.8	96.0	95.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,960	...	...	70.1	...	...
Renter	11,955	...	...	30.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,895	...	...	17.3	...	...
Not condominium	33,020	...	...	82.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	480	...	...	1.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,810	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,120	...	...	22.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,555	...	...	29.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,950	...	...	35.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,740	...	...	26.9	...	...
5 rooms	5,290	...	...	13.3	...	...
6 rooms	4,990	...	...	12.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,685	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,205	...	...	35.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,455	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	460	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,490	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,425	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,245	...	...	10.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,020	...	...	40.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,245	...	...	10.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,020	...	...	15.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,700	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,765	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,145	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,770	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,890	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,020	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,510	...	...	48.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,095	...	...	45.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,310	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,575	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,955	...	...	14.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,715	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,640	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,695	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,470	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,610	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,255	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,240	...	...	81.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,550	...	...	19.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,900	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,215	...	...	25.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,900	...	...	17.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,100	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,460	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	430	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,700	...	...	74.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,795	...	...	9.7	...	...
Not in core need	35,345	...	...	90.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,910	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.2	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,406	...	...	1,406	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	567,000	...	...	567,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,950	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,256	...	...	1,256	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,190	1,585	1,610	3.4	3.4	3.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,105	1,555	1,555	3.3	3.3	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,415	1,155	1,255	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis single ancestry	680	385	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,290	3,480	3,810	7.7	7.5	8.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,945	3,340	3,610	7.3	7.2	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,390	2,160	2,235	4.6	4.6	4.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,515	1,145	1,365	2.7	2.5	2.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	340	140	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335	135	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,075	41,635	42,445	88.9	89.2	88.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,210	43,955	45,250	94.3	94.1	94.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,440	8,835	8,595	18.4	18.9	18.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,775	35,115	36,655	75.9	75.2	76.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,350	2,740	2,610	5.7	5.9	5.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	82,550	40,755	41,800	87.3	87.3	87.3
Immigrants⁸¹	9,335	4,445	4,885	9.9	9.5	10.2
Before 1980	3,515	1,685	1,835	3.7	3.6	3.8
1980 to 1990	970	445	520	1.0	1.0	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,080	515	565	1.1	1.1	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,470	665	810	1.6	1.4	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,300	1,135	1,160	2.4	2.4	2.4
2011 to 2015	955	455	500	1.0	1.0	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,340	680	665	1.4	1.5	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,675	1,495	1,175	2.8	3.2	2.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,330	4,445	4,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,180	610	565	12.6	13.7	11.6
5 to 14 years	1,725	910	815	18.5	20.5	16.7
15 to 24 years	2,020	920	1,100	21.7	20.7	22.5
25 to 44 years	3,860	1,785	2,080	41.4	40.2	42.6
45 years and over	545	220	325	5.8	4.9	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,330	4,445	4,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,225	545	680	13.1	12.3	13.9
Brazil	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Colombia	45	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.6
El Salvador	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	100	50	50	1.1	1.1	1.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United States of America	790	345	445	8.5	7.8	9.1
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90	2.0	2.1	1.8
Europe	3,900	1,875	2,025	41.8	42.2	41.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
Croatia	95	55	45	1.0	1.2	0.9
France	45	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
Germany	555	255	300	5.9	5.7	6.1
Greece	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	70	45	20	0.8	1.0	0.4
Italy	535	255	280	5.7	5.7	5.7
Netherlands	205	100	105	2.2	2.2	2.1
Poland	135	80	50	1.4	1.8	1.0
Portugal	100	50	50	1.1	1.1	1.0
Romania	75	35	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian Federation	75	30	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	45	10	40	0.5	0.2	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,425	695	730	15.3	15.6	14.9
Other places of birth in Europe	445	200	240	4.8	4.5	4.9
Africa	555	320	240	5.9	7.2	4.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	100	65	35	1.1	1.5	0.7
Somalia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	250	140	105	2.7	3.1	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	170	95	80	1.8	2.1	1.6
Asia	3,390	1,575	1,810	36.3	35.4	37.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	25	0.5	0.7	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	320	165	160	3.4	3.7	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	20	45	0.7	0.4	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	120	60	55	1.3	1.3	1.1
Taiwan	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Philippines	750	300	450	8.0	6.7	9.2
Viet Nam	85	35	50	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bangladesh	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	1,240	620	625	13.3	13.9	12.8
Pakistan	190	80	105	2.0	1.8	2.1
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	405	155	245	4.3	3.5	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	260	125	135	2.8	2.8	2.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,340	675	665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	125	60	70	9.3	8.9	10.5
Brazil	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.5
Colombia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	15	10	1.5	2.2	1.5
United States of America	60	30	30	4.5	4.4	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	135	70	70	10.1	10.4	10.5
France	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	3.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25	4.5	5.2	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	1.9	1.5	2.3
Africa	180	100	80	13.4	14.8	12.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	40	10	3.7	5.9	1.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	40	5.2	4.4	6.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	20	3.4	3.0	3.0
Asia	850	420	430	63.4	62.2	64.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	35	15	3.7	5.2	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	300	160	145	22.4	23.7	21.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	10	1.9	2.2	1.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	20	3.0	3.0	3.0
Philippines	295	125	170	22.0	18.5	25.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	2.2	3.0	1.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	10	40	3.7	1.5	6.0
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20	3.7	4.4	3.0
Australia	35	25	15	2.6	3.7	2.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,815	6,325	6,490	13.6	13.5	13.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,420	7,400	8,020	16.3	15.8	16.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,325	32,970	33,355	70.1	70.6	69.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,815	2,765	3,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,060	1,585	1,480	52.6	57.3	48.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,350	760	590	23.2	27.5	19.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,720	825	890	29.6	29.8	29.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,240	880	1,355	38.5	31.8	44.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	435	240	190	7.5	8.7	6.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	55	25	1.3	2.0	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,815	2,765	3,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	85	30	2.0	3.1	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,045	490	555	18.0	17.7	18.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265	115	145	4.6	4.2	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	560	250	310	9.6	9.0	10.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	25	15	0.6	0.9	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,790	1,795	1,995	65.2	64.9	65.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,245	5,150	5,100	10.8	11.0	10.7
South Asian	4,260	2,335	1,925	4.5	5.0	4.0
Chinese	1,295	650	645	1.4	1.4	1.3
Black	985	480	500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Filipino	1,100	440	655	1.2	0.9	1.4
Arab	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	490	225	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Southeast Asian	310	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	250	145	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	875	385	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,315	41,550	42,765	89.2	89.0	89.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,555	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,770	6,510	6,260	13.5	13.9	13.1
English	27,205	13,095	14,110	28.8	28.0	29.5
Irish	17,005	8,205	8,805	18.0	17.6	18.4
Scottish	21,540	10,315	11,225	22.8	22.1	23.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,220	4,455	4,760	9.8	9.5	9.9
German	15,705	7,725	7,980	16.6	16.5	16.7
Chinese	1,435	685	745	1.5	1.5	1.6
Italian	5,265	2,645	2,615	5.6	5.7	5.5
Indian (India)	2,530	1,405	1,130	2.7	3.0	2.4
Ukrainian	6,710	3,240	3,470	7.1	6.9	7.2
Dutch	4,605	2,340	2,265	4.9	5.0	4.7
Polish	3,560	1,690	1,870	3.8	3.6	3.9
Québécois	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,785	1,845	1,940	4.0	4.0	4.1
Filipino	1,100	450	650	1.2	1.0	1.4
French Canadian	1,025	485	540	1.1	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,975	1,020	955	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,890	1,930	1,960	4.1	4.1	4.1
Métis	3,620	1,705	1,915	3.8	3.7	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,550	1,200	1,350	2.7	2.6	2.8
Russian	2,685	1,280	1,410	2.8	2.7	2.9
Norwegian	4,045	1,935	2,105	4.3	4.1	4.4
Welsh	2,330	1,065	1,270	2.5	2.3	2.7
Portuguese	575	265	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	1,695	845	850	1.8	1.8	1.8
Spanish	745	320	420	0.8	0.7	0.9
Swedish	3,345	1,605	1,740	3.5	3.4	3.6
Hungarian	1,520	710	815	1.6	1.5	1.7
Acadian	160	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	380	160	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jewish	380	160	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Punjabi	560	295	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vietnamese	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	385	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	325	165	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	950	405	545	1.0	0.9	1.1
Korean	230	120	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	620	295	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	135	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,465	675	790	1.5	1.4	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	705	355	345	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	570	335	240	0.6	0.7	0.5
Austrian	1,245	620	620	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belgian	520	245	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	160	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexican	410	235	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	250	155	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swiss	765	415	355	0.8	0.9	0.7
Finnish	990	475	515	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	495	245	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	995	430	565	1.1	0.9	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	905	395	510	1.0	0.8	1.1
Muslim	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	635	315	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	440	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	315	170	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	300	175	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	65	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
New Brunswicker	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	635	270	370	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,560	46,695	47,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	440	195	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	31,790	14,180	17,605	33.6	30.4	36.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,575	3,615	3,960	8.0	7.7	8.3
Anabaptist	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	3,000	1,210	1,785	3.2	2.6	3.7
Baptist	1,225	525	695	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	10,620	4,920	5,700	11.2	10.5	11.9
Christian Orthodox	465	215	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	600	275	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	380	165	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	1,360	540	820	1.4	1.2	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	430	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	460	190	270	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,110	1,120	1,985	3.3	2.4	4.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,805	810	985	1.9	1.7	2.1
Hindu	995	545	450	1.1	1.2	0.9
Jewish	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	890	490	395	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	2,005	1,110	905	2.1	2.4	1.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925	345	580	1.0	0.7	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	57,245	29,675	27,565	60.5	63.6	57.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,685	46,250	47,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	80,220	39,705	40,515	85.6	85.8	85.4
Movers	13,465	6,540	6,930	14.4	14.1	14.6
Non-migrants	8,870	4,240	4,630	9.5	9.2	9.8
Migrants	4,600	2,300	2,300	4.9	5.0	4.8
Internal migrants	4,055	2,055	2,000	4.3	4.4	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	2,815	1,450	1,365	3.0	3.1	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,235	610	630	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	545	245	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,120	44,395	45,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,480	24,280	25,200	54.9	54.7	55.1
Movers	40,645	20,115	20,530	45.1	45.3	44.9
Non-migrants	20,585	10,225	10,360	22.8	23.0	22.7
Migrants	20,055	9,890	10,170	22.3	22.3	22.2
Internal migrants	16,880	8,220	8,655	18.7	18.5	18.9
Intraprovincial migrants	12,495	6,065	6,430	13.9	13.7	14.1
Interprovincial migrants	4,385	2,160	2,225	4.9	4.9	4.9
External migrants	3,175	1,670	1,510	3.5	3.8	3.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775	39,170	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,165	6,565	5,600	15.2	16.8	13.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,605	32,605	35,000	84.7	83.2	86.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805	25,125	25,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,355	2,535	1,830	8.6	10.1	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,445	22,600	23,845	91.4	90.0	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775	39,170	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,475	5,470	5,005	13.1	14.0	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,825	13,490	13,335	33.6	34.4	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,470	20,205	22,265	53.2	51.6	54.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,185	13,225	12,960	32.8	33.8	31.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,445	6,790	1,660	10.6	17.3	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,000	1,860	1,145	3.8	4.7	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,440	4,930	515	6.8	12.6	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,705	4,970	8,735	17.2	12.7	21.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,035	1,475	2,560	5.1	3.8	6.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,285	6,980	9,305	20.4	17.8	22.9
Bachelor's degree	10,945	4,620	6,325	13.7	11.8	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,275	505	770	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	300	190	0.6	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	3,130	1,315	1,815	3.9	3.4	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	445	240	205	0.6	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805	25,130	25,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,540	2,020	1,515	7.0	8.0	5.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,460	8,155	7,305	30.4	32.5	28.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,810	14,955	16,850	62.6	59.5	65.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,800	9,585	9,215	37.0	38.1	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,930	4,840	1,090	11.7	19.3	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,025	1,255	770	4.0	5.0	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,905	3,585	320	7.7	14.3	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,880	3,625	6,255	19.4	14.4	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,985	1,120	1,865	5.9	4.5	7.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,010	5,370	7,640	25.6	21.4	29.8
Bachelor's degree	8,815	3,655	5,155	17.4	14.5	20.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980	385	600	1.9	1.5	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	210	180	0.8	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	2,505	970	1,530	4.9	3.9	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325	155	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,775	39,170	40,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,305	18,965	18,340	46.8	48.4	45.2
Education	3,435	865	2,575	4.3	2.2	6.3
13. Education	3,435	865	2,575	4.3	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940	435	505	1.2	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	860	375	485	1.1	1.0	1.2
Humanities	1,600	620	975	2.0	1.6	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	440	120	320	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	180	345	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	230	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,575	1,165	2,410	4.5	3.0	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	55	660	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	755	230	530	0.9	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	635	185	450	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,055	530	535	1.3	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	8,435	3,070	5,360	10.6	7.8	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210	195	1,015	1.5	0.5	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,215	2,875	4,345	9.0	7.3	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,635	840	790	2.0	2.1	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	715	310	405	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	175	220	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	400	300	100	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	715	425	1.4	1.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	960	645	310	1.2	1.6	0.8
25. Library science	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,465	8,795	665	11.9	22.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,200	975	230	1.5	2.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665	1,470	195	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,775	2,710	70	3.5	6.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,620	2,515	100	3.3	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,075	1,045	25	1.3	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,625	990	635	2.0	2.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	265	310	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,050	725	330	1.3	1.9	0.8
Health and related fields	7,860	1,230	6,630	9.9	3.1	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	180	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,295	930	6,365	9.1	2.4	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,735	1,470	1,270	3.4	3.8	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,620	495	1,125	2.0	1.3	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	420	305	115	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	690	660	25	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,805	25,130	25,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,000	10,175	8,825	37.4	40.5	34.4
Education	2,290	460	1,830	4.5	1.8	7.1
13. Education	2,290	460	1,830	4.5	1.8	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	780	340	440	1.5	1.4	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	315	425	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	1,185	475	710	2.3	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	315	90	230	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	360	130	230	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	200	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,825	875	1,960	5.6	3.5	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	95	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	50	510	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	635	165	470	1.2	0.7	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	500	130	370	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	830	410	415	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,370	2,400	3,965	12.5	9.6	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	145	770	1.8	0.6	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,455	2,255	3,195	10.7	9.0	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,270	640	630	2.5	2.5	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580	250	330	1.1	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	130	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	310	235	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940	630	305	1.9	2.5	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825	580	250	1.6	2.3	1.0
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,840	6,280	560	13.5	25.0	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	115	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	905	725	185	1.8	2.9	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,220	1,040	180	2.4	4.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,980	1,935	40	3.9	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,815	1,730	90	3.6	6.9	0.4
48. Precision production	800	775	30	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,320	750	570	2.6	3.0	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	195	280	0.9	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	845	550	290	1.7	2.2	1.1
Health and related fields	5,930	990	4,940	11.7	3.9	19.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	155	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,450	745	4,710	10.7	3.0	18.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	90	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,045	1,120	930	4.0	4.5	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,220	405	810	2.4	1.6	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	210	85	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	505	30	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,805	25,130	25,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,000	10,175	8,825	37.4	40.5	34.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,805	14,955	16,855	62.6	59.5	65.6
Location of study inside Canada	28,635	13,375	15,260	56.4	53.2	59.4
Same as province or territory of residence	23,475	10,965	12,510	46.2	43.6	48.7
Different than province or territory of residence	5,160	2,410	2,750	10.2	9.6	10.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,170	1,580	1,585	6.2	6.3	6.2
Americas	750	355	395	1.5	1.4	1.5
United States of America	600	300	300	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mexico	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	625	340	285	1.2	1.4	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	215	140	0.7	0.9	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	240	120	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,380	680	700	2.7	2.7	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	280	80	200	0.6	0.3	0.8
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	645	410	240	1.3	1.6	0.9
Pakistan	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oceania	175	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australia	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,775	39,170	40,605	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,030	26,490	24,540	...	...	...
Employed	47,235	24,505	22,730	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,800	1,990	1,815	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,745	12,675	16,060	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.0	67.6	60.4	64.0	67.6	60.4
Employment rate	59.2	62.6	56.0	59.2	62.6	56.0
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,775	39,170	40,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,170	13,230	15,935	36.6	33.8	39.2
Worked	50,605	25,935	24,670	63.4	66.2	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,275	14,720	11,550	32.9	37.6	28.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,335	11,215	13,120	30.5	28.6	32.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.5	41.3	42.0	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,030	26,495	24,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	555	450	2.0	2.1	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,025	25,940	24,085	98.0	97.9	98.1
Employee	43,895	22,480	21,420	86.0	84.8	87.3
Permanent position	36,885	19,275	17,605	72.3	72.7	71.7
Temporary position	7,015	3,200	3,810	13.7	12.1	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,755	730	1,025	3.4	2.8	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,260	2,470	2,785	10.3	9.3	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,130	3,460	2,670	12.0	13.1	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,030	26,495	24,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	555	450	2.0	2.1	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,025	25,940	24,085	98.0	97.9	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	175	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,510	1,960	5,550	14.7	7.4	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,090	2,380	710	6.1	9.0	2.9
3 Health occupations	4,915	920	3,995	9.6	3.5	16.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,240	2,030	4,205	12.2	7.7	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,030	385	640	2.0	1.5	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,475	5,910	7,565	26.4	22.3	30.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,575	9,710	870	20.7	36.6	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,560	1,285	280	3.1	4.8	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,375	1,175	200	2.7	4.4	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,030	26,495	24,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	555	450	2.0	2.1	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	50,025	25,940	24,085	98.0	97.9	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	595	420	175	1.2	1.6	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,575	1,395	175	3.1	5.3	0.7
22 Utilities	285	225	65	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	4,580	3,895	680	9.0	14.7	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,350	1,900	450	4.6	7.2	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,405	1,100	305	2.8	4.2	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	6,950	3,425	3,520	13.6	12.9	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,880	2,370	505	5.6	8.9	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	495	285	210	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,115	370	750	2.2	1.4	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	820	395	425	1.6	1.5	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,230	1,615	1,615	6.3	6.1	6.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	1,200	810	3.9	4.5	3.3
61 Educational services	3,420	1,090	2,325	6.7	4.1	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,955	1,365	6,590	15.6	5.2	26.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,210	615	600	2.4	2.3	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,750	1,585	2,170	7.3	6.0	8.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,215	1,075	1,140	4.3	4.1	4.6
91 Public administration	3,125	1,570	1,555	6.1	5.9	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,585	28,030	26,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,665	27,625	26,040	98.3	98.6	98.1
French	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	140	85	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	85	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	195	45	150	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	525	255	270	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,585	28,030	26,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,495	27,980	26,515	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	54,275	27,845	26,430	99.4	99.3	99.5
English	54,175	27,820	26,355	99.2	99.3	99.2
French	100	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	220	130	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	130	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	85	40	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,585	28,030	26,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,945	27,770	26,180	98.8	99.1	98.6
English	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	135	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	300	130	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	270	130	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,235	24,505	22,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,360	2,675	3,690	13.5	10.9	16.2
Worked outside Canada	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,325	5,495	1,825	15.5	22.4	8.0
Usual place of work	33,480	16,285	17,195	70.9	66.5	75.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,480	16,285	17,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,675	12,620	16,055	85.6	77.5	93.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,890	3,000	890	11.6	18.4	5.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	695	490	200	2.1	3.0	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	220	170	45	0.7	1.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,800	21,785	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,645	19,280	16,360	87.4	88.5	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,190	18,135	15,060	81.3	83.2	79.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,455	1,150	1,305	6.0	5.3	6.9
Public transit	1,840	785	1,060	4.5	3.6	5.6
Walked	2,075	870	1,210	5.1	4.0	6.4
Bicycle	385	300	85	0.9	1.4	0.4
Other method	855	550	300	2.1	2.5	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,800	21,785	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,330	8,350	8,980	42.5	38.3	47.2
15 to 29 minutes	17,630	9,430	8,200	43.2	43.3	43.1
30 to 44 minutes	3,000	1,900	1,105	7.4	8.7	5.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,215	810	400	3.0	3.7	2.1
60 minutes and over	1,625	1,300	330	4.0	6.0	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,800	21,785	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,935	2,315	620	7.2	10.6	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,385	4,845	2,540	18.1	22.2	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,015	5,710	5,310	27.0	26.2	27.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,575	3,460	5,120	21.0	15.9	26.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,555	1,885	2,675	11.2	8.7	14.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,330	3,575	2,755	15.5	16.4	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,180	9,300	8,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,090	540	550	6.0	5.8	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,090	8,760	8,330	94.0	94.2	93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,405	6,895	6,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	415	420	6.2	6.0	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	245	265	3.8	3.6	4.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325	170	155	2.4	2.5	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,570	6,480	6,090	93.8	94.0	93.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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