Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chilliwack, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	93,203	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	83,788	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,124	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,758	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	356.6	...	...	356.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	261.34	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	93,205	45,745	47,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,705	9,155	8,550	19.0	20.0	18.0
0 to 4 years	5,520	2,850	2,675	5.9	6.2	5.6
5 to 9 years	5,980	3,095	2,890	6.4	6.8	6.1
10 to 14 years	6,200	3,215	2,990	6.7	7.0	6.3
15 to 64 years	57,825	28,515	29,310	62.0	62.3	61.8
15 to 19 years	5,645	2,935	2,710	6.1	6.4	5.7
20 to 24 years	4,845	2,455	2,390	5.2	5.4	5.0
25 to 29 years	5,395	2,710	2,690	5.8	5.9	5.7
30 to 34 years	6,015	2,930	3,085	6.5	6.4	6.5
35 to 39 years	6,570	3,275	3,295	7.0	7.2	6.9
40 to 44 years	5,680	2,720	2,955	6.1	5.9	6.2
45 to 49 years	5,630	2,785	2,845	6.0	6.1	6.0
50 to 54 years	5,775	2,795	2,975	6.2	6.1	6.3
55 to 59 years	6,120	2,990	3,135	6.6	6.5	6.6
60 to 64 years	6,145	2,910	3,235	6.6	6.4	6.8
65 years and over	17,670	8,075	9,600	19.0	17.7	20.2
65 to 69 years	5,270	2,480	2,790	5.7	5.4	5.9
70 to 74 years	4,640	2,230	2,410	5.0	4.9	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,225	1,485	1,745	3.5	3.2	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,240	995	1,245	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	2,295	885	1,410	2.5	1.9	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,385	575	815	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	705	265	440	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	180	45	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	20.0	18.0	19.0	20.0	18.0
15 to 64 years	62.0	62.3	61.8	62.0	62.3	61.8
65 years and over	19.0	17.7	20.2	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	2.5	1.9	3.0	2.5	1.9	3.0
Average age of the population	40.9	39.8	42.0	40.9	39.8	42.0
Median age of the population	40.4	39.2	41.6	40.4	39.2	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,285	...	...	53.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,440	...	...	4.0	...	...
Row house	5,465	...	...	15.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,670	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,175	...	...	20.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	420	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,440	...	...	26.4	...	...
2 persons	12,195	...	...	34.1	...	...
3 persons	5,215	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	4,865	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	4,035	...	...	11.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	91,985	45,270	46,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	75,495	36,580	38,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	44,310	22,140	22,175	58.7	60.5	57.0
Married	37,045	18,530	18,520	49.1	50.7	47.6
Living common-law	7,260	3,610	3,650	9.6	9.9	9.4
Living common law - Never married	4,860	2,445	2,420	6.4	6.7	6.2
Living common law - Separated	515	250	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,690	845	845	2.2	2.3	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	200	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	31,185	14,445	16,740	41.3	39.5	43.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,195	10,480	8,715	25.4	28.6	22.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,345	980	1,365	3.1	2.7	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,245	1,970	3,275	6.9	5.4	8.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,400	1,015	3,385	5.8	2.8	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,400	...	...	51.5	...	...
3 persons	5,170	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	4,700	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,750	...	...	10.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,780	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	18,150	...	...	69.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,385	...	...	36.1	...	...
Without children	8,765	...	...	33.7	...	...
Common-law couples	3,630	...	...	14.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,490	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	2,140	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,235	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,240	...	...	12.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,000	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	91,985	45,265	46,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,220	37,875	38,345	82.9	83.7	82.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	43,560	21,730	21,830	47.4	48.0	46.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,240	1,000	3,235	4.6	2.2	6.9
Children⁶	28,430	15,150	13,275	30.9	33.5	28.4
In a two-parent family	21,715	11,510	10,205	23.6	25.4	21.8
In a one-parent family	6,710	3,640	3,075	7.3	8.0	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,770	7,390	8,375	17.1	16.3	17.9
Living alone	9,445	4,175	5,265	10.3	9.2	11.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,310	1,000	1,305	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,015	2,215	1,800	4.4	4.9	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,480	...	...	60.1	...	...
Couple-family households	18,440	...	...	51.6	...	...
With children⁶	9,150	...	...	25.6	...	...
Without children	9,295	...	...	26.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,040	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,305	...	...	3.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	395	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,715	...	...	4.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,420	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	9,445	...	...	26.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	74,295	36,115	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,960	34,940	37,025	96.9	96.7	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,600	34,000	40,400	49,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,010	34,965	37,045	96.9	96.8	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	32,000	37,200	44,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,705	31,805	31,905	85.7	88.1	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	46,400	25,200	34,400	46,400	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,095	26,375	24,720	68.8	73.0	64.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	49,600	28,000	37,600	49,600	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,955	27,225	32,735	80.7	75.4	85.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	8,600	12,100	10,700	8,600	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,450	2,670	3,780	8.7	7.4	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,080	5,480	5,440	5,080	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,785	7,410	9,375	22.6	20.5	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	74,295	36,110	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,880	34,885	36,990	96.7	96.6	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,720	58,550	41,440	49,720	58,550	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,920	34,915	37,000	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,080	49,600	36,920	43,080	49,600	36,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,710	31,695	32,020	85.8	87.8	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	55,550	34,760	45,080	55,550	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,095	26,365	24,730	68.8	73.0	64.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,040	55,550	35,920	46,040	55,550	35,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,920	27,210	32,705	80.7	75.4	85.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,730	10,370	12,860	11,730	10,370	12,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,240	2,520	3,720	8.4	7.0	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590	5,620	7,250	6,590	5,620	7,250
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,630	7,345	9,280	22.4	20.3	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,350	9,150	8,800	8,350	9,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	74,295	36,110	38,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,105	15,080	10,025	33.8	41.8	26.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	68,500	50,400	60,000	68,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	74,200	56,000	66,900	74,200	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,420	8,195	11,230	26.1	22.7	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	21,000	16,400	18,000	21,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,640	33,400	23,440	27,640	33,400	23,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	86.2	72.6	80.4	86.2	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	71.8	57.9	65.8	71.8	57.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.6	13.8	27.4	19.6	13.8	27.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	1.8	1.2	0.7	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	3.8	7.3	5.3	3.8	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.0	5.5	4.1	3.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	74,290	36,110	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,335	1,175	1,155	3.1	3.3	3.0
With total income	71,960	34,935	37,025	96.9	96.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,070	2,460	3,610	8.4	7.0	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,945	3,275	5,675	12.4	9.4	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,210	4,435	6,780	15.6	12.7	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	9,505	3,780	5,725	13.2	10.8	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,285	3,705	4,580	11.5	10.6	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,750	3,325	3,430	9.4	9.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,315	3,095	2,220	7.4	8.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,980	2,525	1,450	5.5	7.2	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,035	2,010	1,025	4.2	5.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	1,690	845	3.5	4.8	2.3
$100,000 and over	6,335	4,650	1,690	8.8	13.3	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,745	3,390	1,355	6.6	9.7	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,590	1,255	335	2.2	3.6	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	74,290	36,110	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,285	1,150	1,135	3.1	3.2	3.0
With after-tax income	72,005	34,960	37,045	96.9	96.8	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,330	2,550	3,775	8.8	7.3	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,205	3,365	5,840	12.8	9.6	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,630	5,020	7,605	17.5	14.4	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,005	4,590	6,410	15.3	13.1	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,335	4,445	4,895	13.0	12.7	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,195	3,960	3,235	10.0	11.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,115	3,260	1,850	7.1	9.3	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,785	2,505	1,280	5.3	7.2	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,640	1,750	890	3.7	5.0	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615	1,125	490	2.2	3.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,155	2,390	770	4.4	6.8	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,850	1,395	460	2.6	4.0	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,305	995	310	1.8	2.8	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	74,290	36,110	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,200	9,735	13,460	31.2	27.0	35.3
With employment income	51,095	26,375	24,720	68.8	73.0	64.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,880	2,955	3,925	13.5	11.2	15.9
$5,000 to $9,999	3,960	1,530	2,425	7.8	5.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,005	2,335	3,665	11.8	8.9	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,860	1,980	2,880	9.5	7.5	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,065	2,210	2,850	9.9	8.4	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,590	2,230	2,355	9.0	8.5	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,155	2,220	1,930	8.1	8.4	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,585	2,275	1,305	7.0	8.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,885	1,965	915	5.6	7.5	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,410	1,670	740	4.7	6.3	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	1,405	645	4.0	5.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,665	3,595	1,070	9.1	13.6	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,515	1,880	640	4.9	7.1	2.6
$125,000 and over	2,145	1,720	425	4.2	6.5	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	74,295	36,115	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,265	34,060	36,205	94.6	94.3	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,400	30,200	37,600	48,400	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,440	34,090	36,355	94.8	94.4	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,800	28,200	34,000	42,800	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,145	31,380	31,765	85.0	86.9	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	47,200	26,200	34,800	47,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,115	27,200	25,920	71.5	75.3	67.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	48,400	27,200	36,000	48,400	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,430	19,980	28,455	65.2	55.3	74.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,100	8,800	8,600	8,100	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,975	1,995	2,980	6.7	5.5	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,760	5,600	5,280	4,760	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	74,295	36,110	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,385	34,095	36,290	94.7	94.4	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,880	56,350	38,000	46,880	56,350	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,580	34,130	36,450	95.0	94.5	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,080	33,400	40,000	47,080	33,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,240	31,240	31,995	85.1	86.5	83.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	55,550	34,240	44,800	55,550	34,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,150	27,110	26,040	71.5	75.1	68.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	54,000	34,120	44,280	54,000	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,645	20,050	28,590	65.5	55.5	74.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,610	9,210	9,900	9,610	9,210	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,815	1,935	2,875	6.5	5.4	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,980	5,910	7,700	6,980	5,910	7,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	74,295	36,110	38,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,970	14,995	9,970	33.6	41.5	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	64,500	46,000	56,400	64,500	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,900	70,700	51,160	62,900	70,700	51,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,360	7,730	10,625	24.7	21.4	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,000	21,400	23,600	27,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,800	39,760	27,680	32,800	39,760	27,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	90.4	79.4	85.8	90.4	79.4
Employment income (%)	71.4	76.2	64.4	71.4	76.2	64.4
Government transfers (%)	14.2	9.6	20.5	14.2	9.6	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.6	1.0	0.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,800	...	...	41,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	820	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,510	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,125	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,180	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,390	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,375	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,335	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,695	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,445	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,275	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,210	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,145	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,565	...	...	40.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,460	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,410	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,850	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,850	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	845	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,560	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,310	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,325	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,600	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,555	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,525	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,075	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,745	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,705	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,550	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,355	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,870	...	...	33.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,605	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,990	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,265	...	...	11.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,460	6,390	7,070	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,000	34,400	36,800	40,000	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,400	32,400	34,000	36,400	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,400	...	...	144,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,400	...	...	69,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,340	6,285	7,050	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560	47,000	42,400	44,560	47,000	42,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,320	40,920	37,880	39,320	40,920	37,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	91,985	45,270	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,225	10,975	10,245	23.1	24.2	21.9
0 to 5 years	6,685	3,485	3,200	7.3	7.7	6.8
18 to 64 years	54,035	26,510	27,515	58.7	58.6	58.9
65 years and over	16,730	7,775	8,955	18.2	17.2	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,060	4,080	4,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,160	1,095	1,065	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	640	345	295	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,405	2,030	2,370	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,500	955	1,545	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.9	9.0	10.7	9.9	9.0	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.0	10.4	10.2	10.0	10.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.5	9.9	9.2	9.5	9.9	9.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.7	8.6	8.2	7.7	8.6
65 years and over (%)	14.9	12.3	17.2	14.9	12.3	17.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	91,985	45,265	46,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,225	10,980	10,250	23.1	24.3	21.9
0 to 5 years	6,685	3,485	3,200	7.3	7.7	6.9
18 to 64 years	54,030	26,515	27,520	58.7	58.6	58.9
65 years and over	16,730	7,780	8,955	18.2	17.2	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,060	1,535	1,525	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	690	335	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	105	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,065	1,075	995	...	...	...
65 years and over	305	135	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.0	3.5	3.2	3.0	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	3.0	2.5	2.7	3.0	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	91,990	45,270	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,535	22,170	24,365	50.6	49.0	52.2
In bottom decile	8,490	3,945	4,550	9.2	8.7	9.7
In second decile	8,930	4,035	4,890	9.7	8.9	10.5
In third decile	9,275	4,420	4,860	10.1	9.8	10.4
In fourth decile	9,950	4,910	5,035	10.8	10.8	10.8
In fifth decile	9,900	4,870	5,030	10.8	10.8	10.8
In top half of the distribution	45,450	23,095	22,350	49.4	51.0	47.8
In sixth decile	9,855	4,910	4,940	10.7	10.8	10.6
In seventh decile	9,645	4,905	4,740	10.5	10.8	10.1
In eighth decile	9,620	4,940	4,680	10.5	10.9	10.0
In ninth decile	9,185	4,635	4,545	10.0	10.2	9.7
In top decile	7,150	3,700	3,450	7.8	8.2	7.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	91,985	...	...	91,985	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.410	...	...	0.410	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	92,495	45,435	47,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	87,550	43,265	44,280	94.7	95.2	94.1
French only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,100	1,775	2,325	4.4	3.9	4.9
Neither English nor French	815	380	430	0.9	0.8	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	92,495	45,435	47,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	90,795	44,615	46,180	98.2	98.2	98.1
French	790	390	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	775	365	410	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	92,495	45,435	47,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,595	44,535	46,055	97.9	98.0	97.9
Official languages	79,750	39,425	40,325	86.2	86.8	85.7
English	78,875	38,990	39,890	85.3	85.8	84.8
French	875	430	440	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	10,840	5,115	5,730	11.7	11.3	12.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,790	5,100	5,695	11.7	11.2	12.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	225	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	445	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	780	320	460	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	595	240	355	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,390	3,540	3,850	8.0	7.8	8.2
Albanian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	790	330	460	0.9	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	775	325	450	0.8	0.7	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	210	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,290	1,545	1,750	3.6	3.4	3.7
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,790	835	960	1.9	1.8	2.0
German	1,755	815	940	1.9	1.8	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,325	635	695	1.4	1.4	1.5
Afrikaans	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	1,105	530	575	1.2	1.2	1.2
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,860	940	920	2.0	2.1	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,645	825	820	1.8	1.8	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,170	590	580	1.3	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,340	670	675	1.4	1.5	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	790	400	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	430	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	895	420	475	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	850	395	450	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	535	245	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	205	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	140	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,900	895	1,005	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,410	660	745	1.5	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	92,495	45,435	47,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,240	40,590	41,655	88.9	89.3	88.5
French	140	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	2,435	1,205	1,230	2.6	2.7	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,435	1,205	1,230	2.6	2.7	2.6
English and French	575	270	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	6,725	3,135	3,590	7.3	6.9	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	225	115	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	92,495	45,435	47,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,120	44,810	46,310	98.5	98.6	98.4
Official languages	86,410	42,485	43,925	93.4	93.5	93.3
English	86,205	42,395	43,815	93.2	93.3	93.1
French	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,705	2,320	2,385	5.1	5.1	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,705	2,320	2,385	5.1	5.1	5.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	175	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	335	175	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,655	1,305	1,350	2.9	2.9	2.9
Albanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	275	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	485	220	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,290	635	660	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,165	570	595	1.3	1.3	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	885	430	455	1.0	0.9	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	570	305	265	0.6	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	365	205	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	340	170	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	620	300	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	585	285	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,375	625	745	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	565	685	1.4	1.2	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	92,495	45,435	47,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,005	42,390	43,610	93.0	93.3	92.7
English	1,850	895	955	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	460	210	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	3,480	1,590	1,885	3.8	3.5	4.0
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,435	1,580	1,860	3.7	3.5	4.0
English and French	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	325	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	91,985	45,270	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	91,265	44,960	46,305	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	91,225	44,940	46,285	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	4,080	1,820	2,265	4.4	4.0	4.8
Non-official languages	15,370	7,305	8,065	16.7	16.1	17.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,230	7,255	7,975	16.6	16.0	17.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	375	210	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	375	210	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	175	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	530	250	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	530	250	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,115	470	645	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,005	400	605	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,785	5,175	5,605	11.7	11.4	12.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,075	480	595	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,065	475	590	1.2	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	470	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,485	2,040	2,455	4.9	4.5	5.3
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,455	1,110	1,350	2.7	2.5	2.9
German	2,445	1,100	1,340	2.7	2.4	2.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,885	875	1,010	2.0	1.9	2.2
Afrikaans	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	1,570	715	855	1.7	1.6	1.8
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	275	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swedish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,805	1,425	1,375	3.0	3.1	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,525	1,255	1,270	2.7	2.8	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	945	470	475	1.0	1.0	1.0
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,810	905	910	2.0	2.0	1.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	305	185	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	300	180	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	260	155	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,640	1,345	1,295	2.9	3.0	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	355	195	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	330	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,805	920	885	2.0	2.0	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	510	240	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,210	630	585	1.3	1.4	1.3
Chinese languages	1,150	600	550	1.3	1.3	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	840	430	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	405	230	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	230	90	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	91,985	45,265	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,255	3,455	3,800	7.9	7.6	8.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,965	3,320	3,645	7.6	7.3	7.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,420	2,110	2,310	4.8	4.7	4.9
Métis	2,485	1,185	1,300	2.7	2.6	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	84,730	41,815	42,920	92.1	92.4	91.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	91,985	45,265	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,785	1,280	1,505	3.0	2.8	3.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	89,200	43,985	45,215	97.0	97.2	96.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,790	...	...	72.1	...	...
Renter	9,970	...	...	27.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,875	...	...	22.0	...	...
Not condominium	27,880	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,000	...	...	11.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,800	...	...	24.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,125	...	...	31.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,580	...	...	32.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,605	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,645	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,295	...	...	14.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,375	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,840	...	...	33.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,270	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	490	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,210	...	...	95.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,550	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,035	...	...	11.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,050	...	...	22.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,145	...	...	11.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,655	...	...	18.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,600	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,075	...	...	11.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,395	...	...	6.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,805	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,090	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,665	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,900	...	...	47.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,635	...	...	46.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,225	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	815	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,825	...	...	13.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,415	...	...	17.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,380	...	...	17.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,805	...	...	19.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,815	...	...	16.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,470	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,240	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,590	...	...	78.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,550	...	...	21.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,915	...	...	19.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,790	...	...	27.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,770	...	...	18.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,120	...	...	3.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,025	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	495	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,965	...	...	72.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,475	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	31,020	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,305	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.3	...	...	64.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,504	...	...	1,504	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	764,000	...	...	764,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.4	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.1	...	...	25.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	91,985	45,270	46,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,195	1,065	1,135	2.4	2.4	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,150	1,040	1,105	2.3	2.3	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,805	865	935	2.0	1.9	2.0
Métis single ancestry	350	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,180	2,555	2,625	5.6	5.6	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,010	2,465	2,540	5.4	5.4	5.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,440	1,650	1,790	3.7	3.6	3.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,515	785	730	1.6	1.7	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,610	41,645	42,965	92.0	92.0	92.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	91,990	45,270	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	87,635	43,165	44,470	95.3	95.4	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,575	10,645	9,930	22.4	23.5	21.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,060	32,520	34,535	72.9	71.8	73.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,350	2,100	2,250	4.7	4.6	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	91,990	45,270	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	77,655	38,380	39,275	84.4	84.8	84.1
Immigrants⁸¹	13,605	6,500	7,105	14.8	14.4	15.2
Before 1980	4,260	2,060	2,200	4.6	4.6	4.7
1980 to 1990	1,595	750	840	1.7	1.7	1.8
1991 to 2000	1,900	845	1,055	2.1	1.9	2.3
2001 to 2010	2,690	1,315	1,380	2.9	2.9	3.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,155	1,520	1,635	3.4	3.4	3.5
2011 to 2015	1,545	790	755	1.7	1.7	1.6
2016 to 2021	1,610	735	880	1.8	1.6	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	725	390	335	0.8	0.9	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,605	6,505	7,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,590	775	815	11.7	11.9	11.5
5 to 14 years	2,695	1,395	1,300	19.8	21.4	18.3
15 to 24 years	2,935	1,395	1,540	21.6	21.4	21.7
25 to 44 years	5,300	2,495	2,805	39.0	38.4	39.5
45 years and over	1,080	435	640	7.9	6.7	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,605	6,505	7,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,035	975	1,055	15.0	15.0	14.9
Brazil	180	100	85	1.3	1.5	1.2
Colombia	90	35	50	0.7	0.5	0.7
El Salvador	170	90	75	1.2	1.4	1.1
Guyana	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mexico	160	60	105	1.2	0.9	1.5
Peru	35	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	940	410	525	6.9	6.3	7.4
Other places of birth in Americas	350	185	165	2.6	2.8	2.3
Europe	5,880	2,850	3,030	43.2	43.8	42.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
France	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Germany	780	385	395	5.7	5.9	5.6
Greece	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hungary	135	55	85	1.0	0.8	1.2
Italy	60	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Netherlands	1,135	540	595	8.3	8.3	8.4
Poland	205	85	125	1.5	1.3	1.8
Portugal	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romania	260	140	125	1.9	2.2	1.8
Russian Federation	135	60	75	1.0	0.9	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	135	70	70	1.0	1.1	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,070	1,075	995	15.2	16.5	14.0
Other places of birth in Europe	710	310	400	5.2	4.8	5.6
Africa	715	365	350	5.3	5.6	4.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	65	45	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	40	25	0.4	0.6	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	310	145	165	2.3	2.2	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	235	110	125	1.7	1.7	1.8
Asia	4,645	2,135	2,510	34.1	32.8	35.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	220	120	95	1.6	1.8	1.3
Iraq	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Turkey	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	510	240	270	3.7	3.7	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	40	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	310	160	145	2.3	2.5	2.0
Taiwan	110	60	50	0.8	0.9	0.7
Philippines	950	375	575	7.0	5.8	8.1
Viet Nam	450	210	235	3.3	3.2	3.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,180	550	625	8.7	8.5	8.8
Pakistan	145	80	70	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sri Lanka	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	500	190	310	3.7	2.9	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	335	180	155	2.5	2.8	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,610	735	875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	115	120	14.6	15.6	13.7
Brazil	70	35	35	4.3	4.8	4.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	10	10	1.6	1.4	1.1
United States of America	90	40	50	5.6	5.4	5.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	20	2.2	2.0	2.3
Europe	300	150	150	18.6	20.4	17.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	0.9	1.4	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.6	1.4	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Ukraine	35	20	15	2.2	2.7	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	45	30	5.0	6.1	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	140	60	80	8.7	8.2	9.1
Africa	110	40	65	6.8	5.4	7.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	10	15	1.6	1.4	1.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	30	3.1	2.0	3.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	1.6	2.0	1.1
Asia	920	400	520	57.1	54.4	59.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	135	65	75	8.4	8.8	8.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	270	130	140	16.8	17.7	16.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	1.6	2.0	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	30	3.1	3.4	3.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.1
Pakistan	35	20	15	2.2	2.7	1.7
Philippines	195	60	135	12.1	8.2	15.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	10	10	1.6	1.4	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	3.1	4.1	2.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	15	25	2.2	2.0	2.9
Other places of birth in Asia	45	20	20	2.8	2.7	2.3
Oceania and other⁹³	45	30	15	2.8	4.1	1.7
Australia	20	20	0	1.2	2.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	1.2	1.4	1.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	91,985	45,265	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,325	7,375	7,950	16.7	16.3	17.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,190	9,490	9,695	20.9	21.0	20.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	57,475	28,405	29,075	62.5	62.8	62.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,345	4,440	4,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,680	2,415	2,265	50.1	54.4	46.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,890	1,260	630	20.2	28.4	12.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,790	1,150	1,640	29.9	25.9	33.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,370	1,375	1,995	36.1	31.0	40.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,195	620	570	12.8	14.0	11.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	105	25	70	1.1	0.6	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,345	4,440	4,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	225	125	100	2.4	2.8	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,435	685	745	15.4	15.4	15.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	325	180	145	3.5	4.1	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	405	215	195	4.3	4.8	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	35	30	0.6	0.8	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,890	3,200	3,690	73.7	72.1	75.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	91,985	45,265	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,865	5,390	5,475	11.8	11.9	11.7
South Asian	3,025	1,520	1,510	3.3	3.4	3.2
Chinese	1,425	765	660	1.5	1.7	1.4
Black	1,005	490	515	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	1,470	610	860	1.6	1.3	1.8
Arab	230	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	1,015	545	470	1.1	1.2	1.0
Southeast Asian	955	470	480	1.0	1.0	1.0
West Asian	280	160	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	510	250	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	470	225	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	81,120	39,880	41,245	88.2	88.1	88.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	91,985	45,270	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,130	6,185	5,945	13.2	13.7	12.7
English	23,085	11,090	11,995	25.1	24.5	25.7
Irish	14,290	6,580	7,710	15.5	14.5	16.5
Scottish	17,940	8,720	9,220	19.5	19.3	19.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,320	3,480	3,845	8.0	7.7	8.2
German	16,815	8,075	8,735	18.3	17.8	18.7
Chinese	1,575	830	745	1.7	1.8	1.6
Italian	2,550	1,310	1,240	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indian (India)	1,660	855	810	1.8	1.9	1.7
Ukrainian	4,975	2,415	2,555	5.4	5.3	5.5
Dutch	10,535	5,300	5,235	11.5	11.7	11.2
Polish	2,650	1,295	1,360	2.9	2.9	2.9
Québécois	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,645	1,725	1,925	4.0	3.8	4.1
Filipino	1,485	610	875	1.6	1.3	1.9
French Canadian	885	400	490	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,940	955	985	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,070	1,495	1,580	3.3	3.3	3.4
Métis	2,075	1,075	1,000	2.3	2.4	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,670	1,375	1,295	2.9	3.0	2.8
Russian	3,935	1,980	1,950	4.3	4.4	4.2
Norwegian	3,285	1,590	1,700	3.6	3.5	3.6
Welsh	1,995	980	1,015	2.2	2.2	2.2
Portuguese	535	270	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	1,640	850	795	1.8	1.9	1.7
Spanish	740	365	370	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swedish	2,375	1,150	1,225	2.6	2.5	2.6
Hungarian	1,445	700	745	1.6	1.5	1.6
Acadian	130	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	395	205	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	610	290	315	0.7	0.6	0.7
Vietnamese	690	360	330	0.8	0.8	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	280	160	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	210	125	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	230	100	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	595	310	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korean	510	260	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	915	460	445	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lebanese	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian	210	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	420	185	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Danish	1,510	625	890	1.6	1.4	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	640	305	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	425	210	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Austrian	930	465	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	415	215	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	465	260	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mennonite	1,610	760	845	1.8	1.7	1.8
Swiss	630	320	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	725	375	350	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sri Lankan	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	640	330	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	590	295	295	0.6	0.7	0.6
Colombian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	385	165	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Syrian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	200	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	125	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	190	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	275	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australian	260	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	720	320	405	0.8	0.7	0.9
Ecuadorian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	245	155	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jatt	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	91,985	45,265	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	575	290	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	41,875	19,240	22,635	45.5	42.5	48.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,540	7,860	8,685	18.0	17.4	18.6
Anabaptist	1,925	905	1,020	2.1	2.0	2.2
Anglican	2,515	1,090	1,420	2.7	2.4	3.0
Baptist	1,170	590	580	1.3	1.3	1.2
Catholic	7,665	3,460	4,205	8.3	7.6	9.0
Christian Orthodox	460	225	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	555	250	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	390	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	1,195	500	695	1.3	1.1	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,325	565	765	1.4	1.2	1.6
Presbyterian	480	205	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	1,880	850	1,035	2.0	1.9	2.2
United Church	2,395	975	1,420	2.6	2.2	3.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,220	1,520	1,695	3.5	3.4	3.6
Hindu	575	300	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	750	375	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sikh	1,570	805	765	1.7	1.8	1.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	955	410	545	1.0	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	45,475	23,725	21,745	49.4	52.4	46.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	91,005	44,740	46,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,760	38,380	39,385	85.4	85.8	85.1
Movers	13,240	6,365	6,880	14.5	14.2	14.9
Non-migrants	7,510	3,460	4,055	8.3	7.7	8.8
Migrants	5,730	2,905	2,825	6.3	6.5	6.1
Internal migrants	5,385	2,725	2,665	5.9	6.1	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,545	2,310	2,240	5.0	5.2	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	835	420	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	345	180	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	86,435	42,385	44,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	43,905	21,580	22,325	50.8	50.9	50.7
Movers	42,535	20,800	21,730	49.2	49.1	49.3
Non-migrants	18,970	9,380	9,590	21.9	22.1	21.8
Migrants	23,560	11,420	12,140	27.3	26.9	27.6
Internal migrants	21,795	10,570	11,220	25.2	24.9	25.5
Intraprovincial migrants	18,555	8,920	9,635	21.5	21.0	21.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,240	1,650	1,585	3.7	3.9	3.6
External migrants	1,765	850	920	2.0	2.0	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,295	36,110	38,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,125	7,665	6,460	19.0	21.2	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,170	28,450	31,720	81.0	78.8	83.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,075	22,890	24,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,115	3,580	2,525	13.0	15.6	10.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,970	19,300	21,660	87.0	84.3	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,290	36,110	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,220	6,550	5,670	16.4	18.1	14.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,860	13,245	13,615	36.2	36.7	35.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,210	16,320	18,895	47.4	45.2	49.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,725	11,285	12,440	31.9	31.3	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,400	5,555	1,845	10.0	15.4	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,060	1,830	1,230	4.1	5.1	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,340	3,725	615	5.8	10.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,840	4,600	8,240	17.3	12.7	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,485	1,130	2,355	4.7	3.1	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,490	5,035	6,450	15.5	13.9	16.9
Bachelor's degree	7,565	3,190	4,375	10.2	8.8	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,135	445	690	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	215	120	0.5	0.6	0.3
Master's degree	2,160	1,010	1,150	2.9	2.8	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	290	170	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,080	22,885	24,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,970	2,965	2,005	10.6	13.0	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,185	8,305	7,880	34.4	36.3	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,925	11,620	14,305	55.1	50.8	59.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,920	7,915	9,000	35.9	34.6	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,085	3,870	1,220	10.8	16.9	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,095	1,290	810	4.4	5.6	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,990	2,575	415	6.4	11.3	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,195	3,235	5,965	19.5	14.1	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,630	815	1,820	5.6	3.6	7.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,010	3,705	5,300	19.1	16.2	21.9
Bachelor's degree	6,015	2,420	3,590	12.8	10.6	14.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	885	330	555	1.9	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	150	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	1,665	710	960	3.5	3.1	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,290	36,115	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,080	19,790	19,290	52.6	54.8	50.5
Education	2,845	740	2,105	3.8	2.0	5.5
13. Education	2,845	740	2,105	3.8	2.0	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	925	350	580	1.2	1.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	80	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	800	270	535	1.1	0.7	1.4
Humanities	1,935	785	1,155	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	395	80	315	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	540	190	350	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	95	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	430	265	165	0.6	0.7	0.4
54. History	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,620	1,260	2,360	4.9	3.5	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	65	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	95	730	1.1	0.3	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	595	150	445	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	595	190	400	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,290	710	575	1.7	2.0	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,275	2,115	4,160	8.4	5.9	10.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	110	485	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,675	2,010	3,670	7.6	5.6	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	815	405	410	1.1	1.1	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	155	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	100	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	185	125	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	920	585	335	1.2	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	690	480	210	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	80	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,545	7,090	450	10.2	19.6	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	135	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	855	720	140	1.2	2.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,275	1,185	90	1.7	3.3	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,170	2,110	65	2.9	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,935	1,880	60	2.6	5.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,170	1,120	45	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135	660	475	1.5	1.8	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	445	410	1.2	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	215	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	6,415	1,030	5,385	8.6	2.9	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	150	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,960	780	5,175	8.0	2.2	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	95	20	0.1	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,775	1,300	1,475	3.7	3.6	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,605	405	1,205	2.2	1.1	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	495	300	195	0.7	0.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	545	70	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,080	22,885	24,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,150	11,265	9,885	44.9	49.2	40.9
Education	1,925	445	1,480	4.1	1.9	6.1
13. Education	1,925	445	1,480	4.1	1.9	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	680	250	430	1.4	1.1	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	595	200	395	1.3	0.9	1.6
Humanities	1,415	545	870	3.0	2.4	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	275	65	210	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	125	285	0.9	0.5	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	170	105	0.6	0.7	0.4
54. History	200	75	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,895	955	1,935	6.1	4.2	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	55	125	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	85	585	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	445	100	350	0.9	0.4	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	485	150	330	1.0	0.7	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,020	530	485	2.2	2.3	2.0
Business, management and public administration	4,690	1,545	3,145	10.0	6.8	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480	70	400	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,210	1,465	2,745	8.9	6.4	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	235	310	1.2	1.0	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	110	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	780	500	275	1.7	2.2	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	645	450	190	1.4	2.0	0.8
25. Library science	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,330	4,955	375	11.3	21.7	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	635	525	110	1.3	2.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	875	790	85	1.9	3.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,505	1,455	55	3.2	6.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,370	1,320	50	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	830	805	20	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	850	475	370	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	635	325	315	1.3	1.4	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	155	55	0.4	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	4,765	775	3,990	10.1	3.4	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	125	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,415	580	3,825	9.4	2.5	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,050	935	1,115	4.4	4.1	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,180	290	885	2.5	1.3	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	415	235	175	0.9	1.0	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	435	390	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,080	22,885	24,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,150	11,265	9,885	44.9	49.2	40.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	25,925	11,620	14,305	55.1	50.8	59.1
Location of study inside Canada	22,130	9,855	12,280	47.0	43.1	50.8
Same as province or territory of residence	18,450	8,030	10,420	39.2	35.1	43.1
Different than province or territory of residence	3,685	1,825	1,865	7.8	8.0	7.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,790	1,770	2,025	8.1	7.7	8.4
Americas	905	450	455	1.9	2.0	1.9
United States of America	685	365	330	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mexico	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	975	500	480	2.1	2.2	2.0
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	205	150	0.8	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	235	130	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,550	615	930	3.3	2.7	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	225	75	145	0.5	0.3	0.6
Taiwan	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	480	180	300	1.0	0.8	1.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	420	195	230	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pakistan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	74,290	36,110	38,180	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,785	24,675	22,110	...	...	...
Employed	43,700	23,210	20,490	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,085	1,470	1,615	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,510	11,435	16,070	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.0	68.3	57.9	63.0	68.3	57.9
Employment rate	58.8	64.3	53.7	58.8	64.3	53.7
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.0	7.3	6.6	6.0	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	74,290	36,115	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,560	11,655	15,900	37.1	32.3	41.6
Worked	46,730	24,455	22,280	62.9	67.7	58.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,890	15,625	10,270	34.8	43.3	26.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,840	8,830	12,010	28.1	24.4	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.8	40.9	42.4	43.8	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,785	24,675	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	680	300	380	1.5	1.2	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,105	24,375	21,725	98.5	98.8	98.3
Employee	37,755	19,360	18,395	80.7	78.5	83.2
Permanent position	33,040	17,350	15,690	70.6	70.3	71.0
Temporary position	4,710	2,005	2,705	10.1	8.1	12.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,335	525	810	2.9	2.1	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,380	1,485	1,895	7.2	6.0	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,350	5,020	3,330	17.8	20.3	15.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,785	24,675	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	680	300	380	1.5	1.2	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,105	24,375	21,725	98.5	98.8	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	400	305	90	0.9	1.2	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,480	1,600	4,885	13.9	6.5	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,045	1,645	400	4.4	6.7	1.8
3 Health occupations	3,355	585	2,770	7.2	2.4	12.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,155	2,125	4,030	13.2	8.6	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,135	430	710	2.4	1.7	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	11,785	4,895	6,895	25.2	19.8	31.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,310	9,480	830	22.0	38.4	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,240	1,550	685	4.8	6.3	3.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,200	1,765	430	4.7	7.2	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,785	24,675	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	680	300	380	1.5	1.2	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	46,105	24,375	21,725	98.5	98.8	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,305	1,390	910	4.9	5.6	4.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	285	230	50	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	185	155	30	0.4	0.6	0.1
23 Construction	5,655	4,920	735	12.1	19.9	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	3,965	3,010	955	8.5	12.2	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,260	950	305	2.7	3.9	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	5,625	2,455	3,165	12.0	9.9	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,195	1,740	455	4.7	7.1	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	430	270	165	0.9	1.1	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,120	380	740	2.4	1.5	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	795	385	405	1.7	1.6	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,245	1,105	1,140	4.8	4.5	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,140	1,275	870	4.6	5.2	3.9
61 Educational services	3,330	980	2,345	7.1	4.0	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,620	925	4,690	12.0	3.7	21.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	675	320	355	1.4	1.3	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,940	1,115	1,825	6.3	4.5	8.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,255	1,060	1,190	4.8	4.3	5.4
91 Public administration	3,025	1,665	1,360	6.5	6.7	6.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,325	26,295	24,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	49,025	25,585	23,435	97.4	97.3	97.5
French	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	250	180	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	180	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
English and French	260	100	160	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	720	390	330	1.4	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,325	26,295	24,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	50,145	26,205	23,935	99.6	99.7	99.6
Official languages	49,755	25,945	23,815	98.9	98.7	99.1
English	49,675	25,915	23,755	98.7	98.6	98.9
French	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	385	265	125	0.8	1.0	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	385	265	125	0.8	1.0	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	115	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Chinese languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	180	90	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,325	26,295	24,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,505	25,880	23,620	98.4	98.4	98.3
English	145	65	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	185	90	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	415	210	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	410	210	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,700	23,210	20,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,550	3,000	3,545	15.0	12.9	17.3
Worked outside Canada	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,995	5,980	2,010	18.3	25.8	9.8
Usual place of work	29,085	14,180	14,905	66.6	61.1	72.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,090	14,180	14,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,060	8,320	10,745	65.5	58.7	72.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,705	3,480	3,225	23.0	24.5	21.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,240	2,315	925	11.1	16.3	6.2
Commute to a different province or territory	75	65	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,080	20,165	16,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,865	18,670	15,190	91.3	92.6	89.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,160	17,400	13,765	84.0	86.3	81.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,710	1,275	1,430	7.3	6.3	8.5
Public transit	585	230	360	1.6	1.1	2.1
Walked	1,525	640	885	4.1	3.2	5.2
Bicycle	390	265	130	1.1	1.3	0.8
Other method	715	360	355	1.9	1.8	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,080	20,165	16,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,755	6,120	7,635	37.1	30.3	45.1
15 to 29 minutes	11,615	5,955	5,660	31.3	29.5	33.5
30 to 44 minutes	5,780	3,570	2,210	15.6	17.7	13.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,205	1,520	690	5.9	7.5	4.1
60 minutes and over	3,730	3,000	730	10.1	14.9	4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,080	20,165	16,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,835	2,955	880	10.3	14.7	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,055	4,585	2,470	19.0	22.7	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,105	4,640	4,465	24.6	23.0	26.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,945	2,865	4,080	18.7	14.2	24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,215	1,740	2,475	11.4	8.6	14.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,910	3,365	2,550	15.9	16.7	15.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,640	11,180	10,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,010	525	485	4.7	4.7	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,635	10,660	9,975	95.4	95.3	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,705	8,080	7,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	755	400	355	4.8	5.0	4.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	150	150	1.9	1.9	2.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	455	250	210	2.9	3.1	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,940	7,680	7,265	95.1	95.0	95.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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