Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Clarington, Municipality (MU)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	101,427	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	92,013	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	36,852	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,953	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	166.0	...	...	166.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	610.84	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	101,425	49,785	51,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,620	10,005	9,610	19.3	20.1	18.6
0 to 4 years	6,200	3,195	3,010	6.1	6.4	5.8
5 to 9 years	6,740	3,425	3,320	6.6	6.9	6.4
10 to 14 years	6,675	3,395	3,280	6.6	6.8	6.4
15 to 64 years	66,140	32,525	33,615	65.2	65.3	65.1
15 to 19 years	5,990	3,040	2,945	5.9	6.1	5.7
20 to 24 years	5,460	2,845	2,615	5.4	5.7	5.1
25 to 29 years	5,895	2,965	2,930	5.8	6.0	5.7
30 to 34 years	7,155	3,405	3,750	7.1	6.8	7.3
35 to 39 years	7,775	3,760	4,015	7.7	7.6	7.8
40 to 44 years	7,055	3,480	3,570	7.0	7.0	6.9
45 to 49 years	6,430	3,165	3,265	6.3	6.4	6.3
50 to 54 years	6,540	3,095	3,450	6.4	6.2	6.7
55 to 59 years	7,560	3,685	3,875	7.5	7.4	7.5
60 to 64 years	6,280	3,090	3,195	6.2	6.2	6.2
65 years and over	15,670	7,250	8,420	15.4	14.6	16.3
65 to 69 years	4,925	2,310	2,620	4.9	4.6	5.1
70 to 74 years	4,225	1,980	2,240	4.2	4.0	4.3
75 to 79 years	2,935	1,400	1,540	2.9	2.8	3.0
80 to 84 years	1,815	815	995	1.8	1.6	1.9
85 years and over	1,770	745	1,030	1.7	1.5	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,080	470	610	1.1	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	525	215	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
95 to 99 years	155	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	20.1	18.6	19.3	20.1	18.6
15 to 64 years	65.2	65.3	65.1	65.2	65.3	65.1
65 years and over	15.4	14.6	16.3	15.4	14.6	16.3
85 years and over	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
Average age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.3	39.6	38.8	40.3
Median age of the population	39.2	38.4	40.0	39.2	38.4	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,945	...	...	77.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,075	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	3,125	...	...	8.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	910	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,290	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	525	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,540	...	...	18.2	...	...
2 persons	11,560	...	...	32.2	...	...
3 persons	6,580	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 persons	7,140	...	...	19.9	...	...
5 or more persons	4,130	...	...	11.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,810	39,775	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,000	25,495	25,505	62.3	64.1	60.7
Married	42,350	21,175	21,170	51.8	53.2	50.4
Living common-law	8,650	4,320	4,330	10.6	10.9	10.3
Living common law - Never married	5,840	2,930	2,910	7.1	7.4	6.9
Living common law - Separated	575	300	270	0.7	0.8	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,990	985	1,005	2.4	2.5	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	250	110	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	30,805	14,280	16,530	37.7	35.9	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,450	10,900	9,550	25.0	27.4	22.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,370	940	1,430	2.9	2.4	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,150	1,570	2,585	5.1	3.9	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,840	870	2,975	4.7	2.2	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,130	...	...	44.0	...	...
3 persons	6,885	...	...	23.1	...	...
4 persons	7,040	...	...	23.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,775	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,190	...	...	84.4	...	...
Married couples	20,870	...	...	70.0	...	...
With children⁶	12,665	...	...	42.5	...	...
Without children	8,200	...	...	27.5	...	...
Common-law couples	4,325	...	...	14.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,015	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	2,305	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,640	...	...	15.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,535	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,105	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	89,725	44,535	45,195	89.1	90.0	88.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,385	25,160	25,230	50.0	50.9	49.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,640	1,105	3,535	4.6	2.2	6.9
Children⁶	34,700	18,270	16,430	34.4	36.9	32.0
In a two-parent family	27,295	14,400	12,895	27.1	29.1	25.2
In a one-parent family	7,400	3,870	3,535	7.3	7.8	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,005	4,930	6,075	10.9	10.0	11.8
Living alone	6,540	2,820	3,720	6.5	5.7	7.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,310	875	1,430	2.3	1.8	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,160	1,230	925	2.1	2.5	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,285	...	...	70.3	...	...
Couple-family households	22,010	...	...	61.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,910	...	...	35.9	...	...
Without children	9,100	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,275	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,740	...	...	4.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,260	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	815	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	6,545	...	...	18.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,125	39,460	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,100	37,895	40,205	96.3	96.0	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,800	41,200	48,000	56,800	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,120	37,905	40,215	96.3	96.1	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,200	37,200	42,800	49,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,740	35,620	36,120	88.4	90.3	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,800	32,800	42,400	52,800	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,655	31,395	29,260	74.8	79.6	70.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,000	36,000	43,200	52,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,800	33,085	36,715	86.0	83.8	88.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	5,760	9,800	8,100	5,760	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,905	3,400	4,505	9.7	8.6	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,600	6,200	6,000	5,600	6,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,475	10,030	11,445	26.5	25.4	27.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,125	39,455	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,095	37,895	40,200	96.3	96.0	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,300	69,500	49,680	59,300	69,500	49,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,115	37,905	40,210	96.3	96.1	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	56,150	42,440	49,080	56,150	42,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,815	35,660	36,155	88.5	90.4	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,700	65,900	43,640	54,700	65,900	43,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,655	31,385	29,265	74.8	79.5	70.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	60,550	44,960	53,000	60,550	44,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,990	33,040	36,940	86.3	83.7	88.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,660	11,320	10,070	8,660	11,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,830	3,360	4,470	9.7	8.5	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	6,510	8,160	7,450	6,510	8,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,295	9,850	11,445	26.2	25.0	27.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,710	9,200	8,970	8,710	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,130	39,455	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,495	16,830	13,660	37.6	42.7	32.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500	81,000	65,500	73,500	81,000	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,100	89,000	71,400	81,100	89,000	71,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,375	9,710	11,665	26.3	24.6	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	21,800	16,400	18,200	21,800	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,520	24,380	29,000	34,520	24,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	89.2	79.0	84.8	89.2	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	72.2	65.8	69.4	72.2	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	10.9	21.0	15.2	10.9	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.8	1.3	0.8	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.5	6.2	4.7	3.5	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.3	4.1	3.3	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,130	39,455	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,030	1,565	1,465	3.7	4.0	3.5
With total income	78,095	37,895	40,205	96.3	96.0	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,925	2,380	3,545	7.6	6.3	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,200	3,160	5,035	10.5	8.3	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,755	3,855	5,900	12.5	10.2	14.7
$30,000 to $39,999	8,480	3,350	5,130	10.9	8.8	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,335	3,765	4,575	10.7	9.9	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,315	3,485	3,830	9.4	9.2	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,065	3,025	3,040	7.8	8.0	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,145	2,875	2,270	6.6	7.6	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,040	2,315	1,730	5.2	6.1	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,420	1,935	1,485	4.4	5.1	3.7
$100,000 and over	11,415	7,755	3,665	14.6	20.5	9.1
$100,000 to $149,999	8,170	5,250	2,915	10.5	13.9	7.3
$150,000 and over	3,245	2,500	745	4.2	6.6	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,130	39,455	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,005	1,550	1,450	3.7	3.9	3.5
With after-tax income	78,120	37,910	40,215	96.3	96.1	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,280	2,470	3,810	8.0	6.5	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,645	3,365	5,275	11.1	8.9	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,080	4,420	6,665	14.2	11.7	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,285	4,315	5,970	13.2	11.4	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,070	4,750	5,320	12.9	12.5	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,240	4,170	4,070	10.5	11.0	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,405	3,555	2,855	8.2	9.4	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,970	2,850	2,120	6.4	7.5	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,300	2,410	1,895	5.5	6.4	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,690	860	3.3	4.5	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,290	3,915	1,370	6.8	10.3	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,035	2,195	835	3.9	5.8	2.1
$125,000 and over	2,255	1,715	540	2.9	4.5	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,130	39,455	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,475	8,065	12,410	25.2	20.4	29.8
With employment income	60,650	31,390	29,260	74.8	79.6	70.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,560	5,045	4,515	15.8	16.1	15.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,340	1,790	2,555	7.2	5.7	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,225	2,715	3,505	10.3	8.6	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,440	1,910	2,535	7.3	6.1	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,260	1,830	2,435	7.0	5.8	8.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,555	1,990	2,560	7.5	6.3	8.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,380	2,105	2,275	7.2	6.7	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,070	2,075	1,990	6.7	6.6	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,635	2,080	1,555	6.0	6.6	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,090	1,810	1,285	5.1	5.8	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	1,630	1,495	5.2	5.2	5.1
$100,000 and over	8,980	6,420	2,555	14.8	20.5	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515	2,990	1,525	7.4	9.5	5.2
$125,000 and over	4,460	3,430	1,035	7.4	10.9	3.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,125	39,460	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,685	37,155	39,540	94.5	94.2	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,800	39,200	47,200	56,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,745	37,155	39,590	94.6	94.2	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	35,200	41,600	48,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,130	35,250	35,880	87.7	89.3	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,800	35,200	43,600	54,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,015	31,420	29,590	75.2	79.6	71.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	55,200	38,000	45,200	55,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,650	31,025	34,630	80.9	78.6	83.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,360	850	5,080	2,360	850	5,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,340	2,510	3,820	7.8	6.4	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,720	6,240	5,520	4,720	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,125	39,455	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,680	37,085	39,590	94.5	94.0	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	66,900	46,840	56,500	66,900	46,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,735	37,085	39,650	94.6	94.0	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,760	54,100	39,880	46,760	54,100	39,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,385	35,315	36,075	88.0	89.5	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	65,300	43,680	54,400	65,300	43,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,315	31,525	29,790	75.6	79.9	71.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	62,200	44,880	53,800	62,200	44,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,610	30,945	34,660	80.9	78.4	83.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,595	8,040	6,890	5,595	8,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305	2,545	3,760	7.8	6.5	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	5,715	8,660	7,470	5,715	8,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,130	39,455	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,405	16,770	13,630	37.5	42.5	32.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	77,500	60,800	70,000	77,500	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,200	86,000	66,400	77,200	86,000	66,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,330	9,225	11,100	25.1	23.4	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	30,200	22,400	25,400	30,200	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,920	42,880	30,120	35,920	42,880	30,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	93.0	85.0	89.6	93.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	76.0	79.0	72.0	76.0	79.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)	10.4	7.0	15.0	10.4	7.0	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.8	1.1	0.6	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,600	...	...	54,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...	142,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...	118,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	290	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...	1.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	625	...	...	1.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	620	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	750	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	845	...	...	2.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	925	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,970	...	...	5.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,120	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,155	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,605	...	...	57.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,090	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,250	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,940	...	...	16.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,320	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	540	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	735	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	740	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	905	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,110	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,105	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,365	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,610	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,615	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,055	...	...	47.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,730	...	...	15.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,370	...	...	12.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,950	...	...	19.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,700	4,050	4,645	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	55,200	46,000	50,000	55,200	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	47,600	41,200	44,000	47,600	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,300	...	...	117,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,600	...	...	166,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,695	4,095	4,605	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,950	69,600	57,050	62,950	69,600	57,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,950	56,300	48,080	51,950	56,300	48,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,210	11,810	11,400	23.0	23.9	22.2
0 to 5 years	7,560	3,880	3,685	7.5	7.8	7.2
18 to 64 years	62,390	30,635	31,750	61.9	61.9	61.9
65 years and over	15,125	7,010	8,115	15.0	14.2	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,835	2,210	2,630	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,235	635	595	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	355	175	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,625	1,230	1,390	...	...	...
65 years and over	980	340	635	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.8	4.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.4
65 years and over (%)	6.5	4.9	7.9	6.5	4.9	7.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,730	49,465	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,210	11,810	11,395	23.0	23.9	22.2
0 to 5 years	7,560	3,875	3,685	7.5	7.8	7.2
18 to 64 years	62,395	30,640	31,755	61.9	61.9	61.9
65 years and over	15,130	7,015	8,115	15.0	14.2	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,680	865	815	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	320	150	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	40	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,195	640	550	...	...	...
65 years and over	170	70	100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.9	2.1	1.7
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,630	17,355	19,270	36.4	35.1	37.6
In bottom decile	4,275	2,050	2,215	4.2	4.1	4.3
In second decile	6,060	2,685	3,380	6.0	5.4	6.6
In third decile	7,300	3,385	3,910	7.2	6.8	7.6
In fourth decile	8,975	4,325	4,645	8.9	8.7	9.1
In fifth decile	10,020	4,905	5,110	9.9	9.9	10.0
In top half of the distribution	64,100	32,100	31,995	63.6	64.9	62.4
In sixth decile	11,095	5,465	5,625	11.0	11.0	11.0
In seventh decile	12,465	6,150	6,320	12.4	12.4	12.3
In eighth decile	13,585	6,775	6,810	13.5	13.7	13.3
In ninth decile	14,320	7,195	7,125	14.2	14.5	13.9
In top decile	12,635	6,515	6,125	12.5	13.2	11.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,730	...	...	100,730	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381	...	...	0.381	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	100,950	49,550	51,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	92,865	46,160	46,700	92.0	93.2	90.9
French only	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	7,565	3,180	4,380	7.5	6.4	8.5
Neither English nor French	450	185	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	100,950	49,550	51,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	98,875	48,615	50,260	97.9	98.1	97.8
French	1,405	670	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	245	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	425	175	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	100,950	49,550	51,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,680	48,515	50,170	97.8	97.9	97.6
Official languages	89,295	44,015	45,280	88.5	88.8	88.1
English	87,875	43,340	44,530	87.0	87.5	86.6
French	1,425	670	755	1.4	1.4	1.5
Non-official languages	9,390	4,500	4,885	9.3	9.1	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,380	4,500	4,885	9.3	9.1	9.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	400	210	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	345	180	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	440	165	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	145	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,180	600	580	1.2	1.2	1.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	910	455	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Telugu	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,170	2,990	3,185	6.1	6.0	6.2
Albanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,285	620	670	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,265	610	650	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	625	300	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,000	445	555	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	190	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	435	190	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	235	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	465	220	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,860	925	935	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,280	630	650	1.3	1.3	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	575	300	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	575	295	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	485	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	355	165	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iranian Persian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,800	870	930	1.8	1.8	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	580	295	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	465	210	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	655	305	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	195	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	425	185	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	160	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,265	1,040	1,225	2.2	2.1	2.4
English and French	495	215	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,570	750	820	1.6	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	100,950	49,550	51,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	90,025	44,420	45,600	89.2	89.6	88.7
French	330	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	1,920	930	985	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,920	930	985	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	1,225	500	725	1.2	1.0	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	6,980	3,335	3,650	6.9	6.7	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	100,950	49,550	51,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,240	48,740	50,500	98.3	98.4	98.3
Official languages	95,120	46,735	48,385	94.2	94.3	94.1
English	94,610	46,500	48,105	93.7	93.8	93.6
French	505	230	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	4,125	2,010	2,120	4.1	4.1	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,125	2,010	2,120	4.1	4.1	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	935	465	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	710	345	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Telugu	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,260	1,105	1,150	2.2	2.2	2.2
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	395	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	560	580	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	825	405	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	585	295	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	305	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,710	810	895	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	200	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,450	700	750	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	100,950	49,550	51,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,705	46,180	47,525	92.8	93.2	92.5
English	1,985	955	1,025	2.0	1.9	2.0
French	925	370	555	0.9	0.7	1.1
Non-official language	3,485	1,640	1,845	3.5	3.3	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,480	1,640	1,840	3.4	3.3	3.6
English and French	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	410	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,730	49,465	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,280	49,270	51,010	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	100,225	49,240	50,985	99.5	99.5	99.5
French	7,600	3,220	4,385	7.5	6.5	8.6
Non-official languages	13,750	6,605	7,155	13.7	13.4	14.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,730	6,585	7,145	13.6	13.3	13.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	765	380	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	765	380	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	650	320	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	630	245	385	0.6	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	605	230	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,705	900	810	1.7	1.8	1.6
Kannada	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	1,390	740	650	1.4	1.5	1.3
Telugu	190	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,795	4,275	4,525	8.7	8.6	8.8
Albanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,385	690	695	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baltic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,355	675	680	1.3	1.4	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	695	330	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian	160	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,455	640	825	1.4	1.3	1.6
Frisian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
High German languages	845	375	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	830	360	465	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	265	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	555	260	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	2,955	1,465	1,485	2.9	3.0	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	1,130	1,120	2.2	2.3	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	260	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindi	810	395	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	505	260	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,105	615	490	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	815	395	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	110	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	735	355	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	485	210	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iranian Persian	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,780	1,360	1,420	2.8	2.7	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	955	485	470	0.9	1.0	0.9
Portuguese	565	295	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	1,185	550	635	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	135	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	625	300	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	310	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	640	285	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	310	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	365	170	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,635	1,235	1,405	2.6	2.5	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,420	1,160	1,260	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,330	620	710	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	1,030	505	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	98,095	48,230	49,865	97.4	97.5	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	645	300	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,080	49,165	50,920	99.4	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,800	...	...	85.7	...	...
Renter	5,150	...	...	14.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,665	...	...	7.4	...	...
Not condominium	33,285	...	...	92.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,875	...	...	5.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,080	...	...	14.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,175	...	...	45.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,750	...	...	35.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,510	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 rooms	4,880	...	...	13.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,375	...	...	17.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,055	...	...	16.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,125	...	...	39.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,620	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	330	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,800	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,150	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,495	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,240	...	...	14.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,195	...	...	17.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,750	...	...	18.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,390	...	...	9.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,155	...	...	8.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,205	...	...	8.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,520	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,750	...	...	96.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,205	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,635	...	...	40.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,730	...	...	54.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,590	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,625	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,615	...	...	21.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,045	...	...	19.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,650	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,070	...	...	14.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,820	...	...	7.8	...	...
85 years and over	935	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,020	...	...	81.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,645	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,170	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,455	...	...	23.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,180	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not suitable only	925	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	815	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,495	...	...	76.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,635	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not in core need	32,555	...	...	92.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,610	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.6	...	...	68.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	...	...	1,780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,810	...	...	1,810	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	772,000	...	...	772,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.6	...	...	40.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.9	...	...	23.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...	1,590	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	715	330	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	695	320	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	380	170	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Métis single ancestry	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,365	1,655	1,715	3.3	3.3	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,275	1,615	1,660	3.3	3.3	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,205	1,255	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	780	390	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,645	47,480	49,170	95.9	96.0	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,730	49,460	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,585	47,970	49,615	96.9	97.0	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,915	11,700	11,215	22.7	23.7	21.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,670	36,275	38,400	74.1	73.3	74.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,140	1,490	1,655	3.1	3.0	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,730	49,460	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,010	41,935	43,075	84.4	84.8	84.0
Immigrants⁸¹	15,305	7,315	7,995	15.2	14.8	15.6
Before 1980	5,185	2,450	2,735	5.1	5.0	5.3
1980 to 1990	1,925	895	1,030	1.9	1.8	2.0
1991 to 2000	2,595	1,270	1,320	2.6	2.6	2.6
2001 to 2010	2,815	1,370	1,445	2.8	2.8	2.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,795	1,330	1,460	2.8	2.7	2.8
2011 to 2015	1,365	675	690	1.4	1.4	1.3
2016 to 2021	1,430	660	775	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,305	7,315	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,960	1,000	955	12.8	13.7	12.0
5 to 14 years	3,385	1,660	1,720	22.1	22.7	21.5
15 to 24 years	3,465	1,615	1,845	22.6	22.1	23.1
25 to 44 years	5,660	2,655	3,000	37.0	36.3	37.5
45 years and over	845	380	470	5.5	5.2	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,305	7,315	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,050	1,340	1,715	19.9	18.3	21.5
Brazil	105	60	40	0.7	0.8	0.5
Colombia	110	35	75	0.7	0.5	0.9
El Salvador	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guyana	460	220	245	3.0	3.0	3.1
Haiti	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jamaica	875	390	480	5.7	5.3	6.0
Mexico	70	25	50	0.5	0.3	0.6
Peru	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	365	165	200	2.4	2.3	2.5
United States of America	430	155	275	2.8	2.1	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	535	240	295	3.5	3.3	3.7
Europe	6,180	2,995	3,180	40.4	40.9	39.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Croatia	55	25	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
France	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Germany	370	190	175	2.4	2.6	2.2
Greece	110	70	35	0.7	1.0	0.4
Hungary	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italy	400	225	170	2.6	3.1	2.1
Netherlands	525	275	255	3.4	3.8	3.2
Poland	485	230	255	3.2	3.1	3.2
Portugal	225	115	105	1.5	1.6	1.3
Romania	110	40	75	0.7	0.5	0.9
Russian Federation	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	80	20	60	0.5	0.3	0.8
Ukraine	70	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,990	1,400	1,595	19.5	19.1	20.0
Other places of birth in Europe	600	305	290	3.9	4.2	3.6
Africa	970	495	470	6.3	6.8	5.9
Algeria	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	30	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Egypt	85	55	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	290	155	130	1.9	2.1	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	50	35	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	380	175	200	2.5	2.4	2.5
Asia	5,050	2,435	2,620	33.0	33.3	32.8
Afghanistan	405	200	200	2.6	2.7	2.5
Iran⁸⁸	110	65	45	0.7	0.9	0.6
Iraq	90	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanon	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	330	135	190	2.2	1.8	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	30	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	100	55	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	650	265	385	4.2	3.6	4.8
Viet Nam	125	50	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bangladesh	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
India	1,150	565	585	7.5	7.7	7.3
Pakistan	665	360	305	4.3	4.9	3.8
Sri Lanka	845	420	430	5.5	5.7	5.4
Other places of birth in Asia	410	195	220	2.7	2.7	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	50	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,425	655	770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	260	110	145	18.2	16.8	18.8
Brazil	50	35	10	3.5	5.3	1.3
Colombia	25	0	20	1.8	0.0	2.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	30	35	4.6	4.6	4.5
Mexico	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.9
United States of America	60	10	50	4.2	1.5	6.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	3.2	3.8	2.6
Europe	110	65	40	7.7	9.9	5.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	15	2.5	3.8	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	55	35	20	3.9	5.3	2.6
Africa	165	90	75	11.6	13.7	9.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	125	85	40	8.8	13.0	5.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	20	1.8	1.5	2.6
Asia	880	375	505	61.8	57.3	65.6
Afghanistan	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.9
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	15	2.8	3.1	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	490	210	285	34.4	32.1	37.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	80	50	35	5.6	7.6	4.5
Philippines	90	30	65	6.3	4.6	8.4
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Sri Lanka	45	10	35	3.2	1.5	4.5
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	25	10	2.8	3.8	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,730	49,465	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,380	7,810	8,565	16.3	15.8	16.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,425	10,535	10,885	21.3	21.3	21.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,925	31,110	31,815	62.5	62.9	62.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,125	4,865	5,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,480	2,250	2,235	44.2	46.2	42.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,720	1,050	670	17.0	21.6	12.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,760	1,200	1,560	27.3	24.7	29.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,630	1,570	2,060	35.9	32.3	39.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,855	975	880	18.3	20.0	16.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	160	75	90	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,125	4,865	5,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	880	475	405	8.7	9.8	7.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	980	520	465	9.7	10.7	8.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	110	120	2.3	2.3	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	580	280	300	5.7	5.8	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,400	3,450	3,945	73.1	70.9	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,615	8,100	8,515	16.5	16.4	16.6
South Asian	4,970	2,590	2,380	4.9	5.2	4.6
Chinese	895	440	455	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black	5,255	2,500	2,765	5.2	5.1	5.4
Filipino	1,165	495	665	1.2	1.0	1.3
Arab	570	280	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	740	350	395	0.7	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	380	160	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Asian	690	320	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Korean	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	800	385	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple visible minorities	825	415	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,115	41,360	42,750	83.5	83.6	83.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,730	49,460	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,325	9,735	9,590	19.2	19.7	18.7
English	27,955	13,530	14,425	27.8	27.4	28.1
Irish	21,245	10,115	11,125	21.1	20.5	21.7
Scottish	21,740	10,340	11,400	21.6	20.9	22.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,140	3,380	3,760	7.1	6.8	7.3
German	8,085	4,085	3,990	8.0	8.3	7.8
Chinese	1,320	630	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italian	5,320	2,745	2,575	5.3	5.5	5.0
Indian (India)	2,450	1,215	1,235	2.4	2.5	2.4
Ukrainian	3,025	1,460	1,570	3.0	3.0	3.1
Dutch	5,855	2,845	3,010	5.8	5.8	5.9
Polish	3,535	1,680	1,855	3.5	3.4	3.6
Québécois	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,490	2,520	2,965	5.5	5.1	5.8
Filipino	1,165	520	645	1.2	1.1	1.3
French Canadian	1,400	650	750	1.4	1.3	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,175	965	1,210	2.2	2.0	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,230	560	665	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	1,195	580	620	1.2	1.2	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,360	690	670	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian	605	280	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	440	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	2,390	1,155	1,230	2.4	2.3	2.4
Portuguese	1,595	795	800	1.6	1.6	1.6
American	890	460	425	0.9	0.9	0.8
Spanish	690	335	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	620	310	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hungarian	1,025	515	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	940	500	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	930	430	500	0.9	0.9	1.0
Jewish	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	995	505	485	1.0	1.0	0.9
Jamaican	2,050	920	1,130	2.0	1.9	2.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	265	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	115	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	470	220	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	560	245	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	605	300	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	480	255	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian	150	40	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	260	120	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mexican	170	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	520	265	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Finnish	655	315	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	905	440	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Croatian	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	215	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	215	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	390	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	530	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Icelandic	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Colombian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	370	145	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syrian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	755	350	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afghan	685	305	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	440	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	165	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	430	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	755	380	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
Persian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	635	315	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Turkish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	250	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Armenian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	300	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	430	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lithuanian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	135	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	445	230	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Macedonian	420	235	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Slovenian	140	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Israeli	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	270	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	215	75	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
African American	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	185	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	50	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	50	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,730	49,460	51,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	54,345	25,245	29,100	54.0	51.0	56.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,785	3,625	4,160	7.7	7.3	8.1
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	5,030	2,210	2,825	5.0	4.5	5.5
Baptist	1,505	665	845	1.5	1.3	1.6
Catholic	23,050	10,915	12,130	22.9	22.1	23.7
Christian Orthodox	1,115	585	530	1.1	1.2	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	340	180	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latter Day Saints	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	595	285	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	510	210	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,825	870	960	1.8	1.8	1.9
Presbyterian	1,285	600	690	1.3	1.2	1.3
Reformed	905	445	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
United Church	7,360	3,250	4,110	7.3	6.6	8.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,760	1,290	1,470	2.7	2.6	2.9
Hindu	2,025	1,015	1,010	2.0	2.1	2.0
Jewish	195	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	2,885	1,480	1,405	2.9	3.0	2.7
Sikh	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	410	150	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	40,235	21,210	19,025	39.9	42.9	37.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	99,615	48,890	50,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,615	44,055	45,560	90.0	90.1	89.8
Movers	10,005	4,835	5,170	10.0	9.9	10.2
Non-migrants	3,650	1,780	1,875	3.7	3.6	3.7
Migrants	6,350	3,055	3,295	6.4	6.2	6.5
Internal migrants	6,110	2,930	3,180	6.1	6.0	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	6,005	2,875	3,125	6.0	5.9	6.2
Interprovincial migrants	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	240	125	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	94,540	46,330	48,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,750	29,050	29,700	62.1	62.7	61.6
Movers	35,790	17,280	18,505	37.9	37.3	38.4
Non-migrants	10,595	5,140	5,455	11.2	11.1	11.3
Migrants	25,195	12,145	13,050	26.7	26.2	27.1
Internal migrants	24,060	11,610	12,445	25.4	25.1	25.8
Intraprovincial migrants	23,155	11,125	12,025	24.5	24.0	24.9
Interprovincial migrants	910	485	420	1.0	1.0	0.9
External migrants	1,135	530	605	1.2	1.1	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,130	39,455	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,285	6,670	5,615	15.1	16.9	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,840	32,790	36,050	84.9	83.1	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,555	26,430	28,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,350	2,540	1,810	8.0	9.6	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,205	23,890	26,315	92.0	90.4	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,125	39,460	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,980	5,840	5,140	13.5	14.8	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,730	12,205	11,520	29.3	30.9	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,420	21,410	25,010	57.2	54.3	60.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,315	15,125	15,190	37.4	38.3	36.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,355	4,200	1,155	6.6	10.6	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,230	1,460	765	2.7	3.7	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,125	2,735	390	3.9	6.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,555	10,365	13,190	29.0	26.3	31.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	565	845	1.7	1.4	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,100	6,280	9,820	19.8	15.9	23.6
Bachelor's degree	11,780	4,295	7,485	14.5	10.9	18.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	990	420	570	1.2	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	150	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	2,785	1,255	1,535	3.4	3.2	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	165	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,555	26,435	28,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,600	2,100	1,500	6.6	7.9	5.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,895	7,565	6,330	25.5	28.6	22.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,060	16,770	20,295	67.9	63.4	72.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,715	11,720	11,995	43.5	44.3	42.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,715	2,980	735	6.8	11.3	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,420	950	465	2.6	3.6	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,295	2,025	270	4.2	7.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,960	8,320	10,640	34.8	31.5	37.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,040	420	625	1.9	1.6	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,345	5,045	8,295	24.5	19.1	29.5
Bachelor's degree	9,695	3,475	6,215	17.8	13.1	22.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	845	335	510	1.5	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	2,395	1,020	1,375	4.4	3.9	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	120	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,125	39,460	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,710	18,050	16,660	42.8	45.7	40.0
Education	2,755	650	2,105	3.4	1.6	5.1
13. Education	2,755	650	2,105	3.4	1.6	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,570	715	855	1.9	1.8	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	220	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,280	495	785	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	1,885	645	1,245	2.3	1.6	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	505	100	405	0.6	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	170	285	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	130	35	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	275	140	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,305	1,540	4,765	7.8	3.9	11.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	810	285	530	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,380	65	1,315	1.7	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,090	250	840	1.3	0.6	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,080	170	915	1.3	0.4	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,725	720	1,010	2.1	1.8	2.4
Business, management and public administration	8,685	3,165	5,520	10.7	8.0	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,055	165	885	1.3	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,620	2,990	4,625	9.4	7.6	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,335	515	820	1.6	1.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	200	410	0.8	0.5	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	100	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	275	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,655	1,080	575	2.0	2.7	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,370	940	430	1.7	2.4	1.0
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	100	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,060	9,375	680	12.4	23.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	290	225	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	1,370	1,120	250	1.7	2.8	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,975	2,710	260	3.7	6.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,205	2,170	40	2.7	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,150	2,115	35	2.7	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,065	1,030	30	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	995	465	535	1.2	1.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	695	275	415	0.9	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	190	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	7,465	1,250	6,215	9.2	3.2	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	950	475	480	1.2	1.2	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,430	740	5,690	7.9	1.9	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,695	2,010	1,685	4.6	5.1	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	260	1,095	1.7	0.7	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,860	1,280	580	2.3	3.2	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	460	15	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,555	26,430	28,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,495	9,665	7,830	32.1	36.6	27.8
Education	2,115	485	1,620	3.9	1.8	5.8
13. Education	2,115	485	1,620	3.9	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,245	565	685	2.3	2.1	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	185	40	0.4	0.7	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,030	385	645	1.9	1.5	2.3
Humanities	1,410	455	950	2.6	1.7	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	365	55	310	0.7	0.2	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	130	215	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	235	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,265	1,215	4,045	9.7	4.6	14.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	730	250	480	1.3	0.9	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	50	1,070	2.1	0.2	3.8
22. Legal professions and studies	970	205	765	1.8	0.8	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	850	130	720	1.6	0.5	2.6
45. Social sciences	1,420	540	880	2.6	2.0	3.1
Business, management and public administration	7,110	2,550	4,555	13.0	9.6	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	115	785	1.6	0.4	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,200	2,430	3,765	11.4	9.2	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,075	390	680	2.0	1.5	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	495	145	345	0.9	0.5	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	70	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	210	120	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,395	915	480	2.6	3.5	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,185	810	375	2.2	3.1	1.3
25. Library science	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,645	7,070	570	14.0	26.7	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	245	195	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
14. Engineering	1,155	935	220	2.1	3.5	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,295	2,090	205	4.2	7.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,675	1,640	30	3.1	6.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,515	1,485	30	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	755	730	25	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	385	455	1.5	1.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	570	220	350	1.0	0.8	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	275	165	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	5,930	1,020	4,910	10.9	3.9	17.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	790	390	400	1.4	1.5	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,075	605	4,465	9.3	2.3	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,030	1,705	1,325	5.6	6.5	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045	205	840	1.9	0.8	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,610	1,135	475	3.0	4.3	1.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	370	360	15	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,555	26,430	28,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,495	9,665	7,830	32.1	36.6	27.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,060	16,765	20,295	67.9	63.4	72.2
Location of study inside Canada	33,425	15,005	18,420	61.3	56.8	65.5
Same as province or territory of residence	31,860	14,260	17,595	58.4	54.0	62.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,565	740	825	2.9	2.8	2.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,640	1,760	1,875	6.7	6.7	6.7
Americas	1,175	590	585	2.2	2.2	2.1
United States of America	815	400	410	1.5	1.5	1.5
Mexico	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazil	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Europe	805	460	345	1.5	1.7	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	410	245	165	0.8	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	205	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	1,320	570	750	2.4	2.2	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	230	70	160	0.4	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	80	40	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
India	595	270	320	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pakistan	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	135	40	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	125	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,125	39,460	41,670	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,265	27,880	26,385	...	...	...
Employed	48,260	25,070	23,195	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,995	2,805	3,190	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,865	11,580	15,285	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.9	70.7	63.3	66.9	70.7	63.3
Employment rate	59.5	63.5	55.7	59.5	63.5	55.7
Unemployment rate	11.0	10.1	12.1	11.0	10.1	12.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,125	39,460	41,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,330	11,840	15,490	33.7	30.0	37.2
Worked	53,800	27,615	26,180	66.3	70.0	62.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,095	17,210	13,890	38.3	43.6	33.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,705	10,410	12,295	28.0	26.4	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.0	41.6	42.3	43.0	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,260	27,875	26,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	695	755	2.7	2.5	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,815	27,185	25,630	97.3	97.5	97.1
Employee	46,310	23,335	22,980	85.3	83.7	87.1
Permanent position	40,405	20,440	19,955	74.5	73.3	75.6
Temporary position	5,915	2,890	3,025	10.9	10.4	11.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,780	840	940	3.3	3.0	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,130	2,045	2,085	7.6	7.3	7.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,500	3,850	2,655	12.0	13.8	10.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,260	27,875	26,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	695	755	2.7	2.5	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,815	27,185	25,630	97.3	97.5	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	300	125	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,070	2,450	6,620	16.7	8.8	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,810	2,965	845	7.0	10.6	3.2
3 Health occupations	4,505	655	3,850	8.3	2.3	14.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,260	2,395	4,865	13.4	8.6	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,305	495	810	2.4	1.8	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,515	5,575	6,935	23.1	20.0	26.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,350	9,500	850	19.1	34.1	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,080	870	210	2.0	3.1	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,495	1,975	515	4.6	7.1	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,260	27,875	26,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	695	755	2.7	2.5	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	52,815	27,185	25,630	97.3	97.5	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	730	465	260	1.3	1.7	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	2,405	1,845	555	4.4	6.6	2.1
23 Construction	5,250	4,675	570	9.7	16.8	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	3,685	2,725	960	6.8	9.8	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,580	1,110	470	2.9	4.0	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,945	2,950	2,990	11.0	10.6	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,320	1,765	555	4.3	6.3	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	990	575	420	1.8	2.1	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,170	835	1,340	4.0	3.0	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	435	490	1.7	1.6	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,235	1,580	1,655	6.0	5.7	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	70	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	1,465	980	4.5	5.3	3.7
61 Educational services	4,420	1,210	3,210	8.1	4.3	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,265	1,015	6,250	13.4	3.6	23.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	510	470	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,525	990	1,535	4.7	3.6	5.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,135	1,005	1,130	3.9	3.6	4.3
91 Public administration	3,555	1,885	1,675	6.6	6.8	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,285	29,295	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,845	28,680	27,160	97.5	97.9	97.0
French	155	45	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	710	255	460	1.2	0.9	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	445	255	195	0.8	0.9	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,285	29,295	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,070	29,240	27,835	99.6	99.8	99.4
Official languages	56,890	29,135	27,750	99.3	99.5	99.1
English	56,610	29,060	27,550	98.8	99.2	98.4
French	275	75	200	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official languages	185	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	215	55	160	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and French	155	20	135	0.3	0.1	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,285	29,295	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,300	28,830	27,470	98.3	98.4	98.1
English	195	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	435	200	240	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	285	155	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	280	155	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,260	25,065	23,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,425	4,640	6,790	23.7	18.5	29.3
Worked outside Canada	115	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,220	4,980	1,245	12.9	19.9	5.4
Usual place of work	30,505	15,380	15,120	63.2	61.4	65.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,505	15,385	15,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,585	4,720	5,870	34.7	30.7	38.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,875	6,235	6,635	42.2	40.5	43.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,005	4,410	2,600	23.0	28.7	17.2
Commute to a different province or territory	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,720	20,360	16,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,305	19,405	14,895	93.4	95.3	91.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,235	18,415	13,820	87.8	90.4	84.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,070	990	1,075	5.6	4.9	6.6
Public transit	790	340	450	2.2	1.7	2.8
Walked	875	345	535	2.4	1.7	3.3
Bicycle	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other method	705	235	475	1.9	1.2	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,720	20,360	16,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,040	3,950	5,095	24.6	19.4	31.1
15 to 29 minutes	12,515	6,320	6,195	34.1	31.0	37.9
30 to 44 minutes	6,875	4,170	2,700	18.7	20.5	16.5
45 to 59 minutes	3,565	2,405	1,160	9.7	11.8	7.1
60 minutes and over	4,725	3,520	1,210	12.9	17.3	7.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,720	20,360	16,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,425	3,470	955	12.1	17.0	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,765	4,985	2,775	21.1	24.5	17.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,240	4,205	4,035	22.4	20.7	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,190	2,495	3,695	16.9	12.3	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,905	1,630	2,275	10.6	8.0	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,195	3,575	2,625	16.9	17.6	16.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,610	12,025	11,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,990	945	1,045	8.4	7.9	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,620	11,080	10,545	91.6	92.1	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,915	8,580	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,490	695	790	8.8	8.1	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	340	445	4.6	4.0	5.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	700	355	350	4.1	4.1	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,420	7,885	7,540	91.2	91.9	90.5

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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