Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Moncton, City (C)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	79,470	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	71,889	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,318	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,118	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	564.9	...	...	564.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	140.67	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	79,470	38,720	40,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,025	6,045	5,980	15.1	15.6	14.7
0 to 4 years	3,570	1,775	1,795	4.5	4.6	4.4
5 to 9 years	4,265	2,160	2,105	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	4,190	2,110	2,080	5.3	5.4	5.1
15 to 64 years	52,185	25,960	26,225	65.7	67.0	64.4
15 to 19 years	4,020	2,035	1,980	5.1	5.3	4.9
20 to 24 years	5,695	2,905	2,795	7.2	7.5	6.9
25 to 29 years	5,760	2,920	2,840	7.2	7.5	7.0
30 to 34 years	5,570	2,755	2,815	7.0	7.1	6.9
35 to 39 years	5,570	2,740	2,830	7.0	7.1	6.9
40 to 44 years	5,345	2,645	2,700	6.7	6.8	6.6
45 to 49 years	5,185	2,565	2,620	6.5	6.6	6.4
50 to 54 years	4,870	2,470	2,400	6.1	6.4	5.9
55 to 59 years	5,175	2,525	2,655	6.5	6.5	6.5
60 to 64 years	4,990	2,400	2,590	6.3	6.2	6.4
65 years and over	15,260	6,720	8,540	19.2	17.4	21.0
65 to 69 years	4,560	2,125	2,435	5.7	5.5	6.0
70 to 74 years	3,965	1,850	2,115	5.0	4.8	5.2
75 to 79 years	2,735	1,210	1,525	3.4	3.1	3.7
80 to 84 years	1,895	780	1,115	2.4	2.0	2.7
85 years and over	2,105	745	1,355	2.6	1.9	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,220	470	755	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	635	210	420	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	225	60	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.6	14.7	15.1	15.6	14.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	67.0	64.4	65.7	67.0	64.4
65 years and over	19.2	17.4	21.0	19.2	17.4	21.0
85 years and over	2.6	1.9	3.3	2.6	1.9	3.3
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	40.8	40.0	42.0	40.8	40.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,770	...	...	42.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,380	...	...	12.5	...	...
Row house	805	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,325	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,595	...	...	30.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,130	...	...	3.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,035	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,540	...	...	32.9	...	...
2 persons	13,015	...	...	37.1	...	...
3 persons	5,020	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	3,855	...	...	11.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,685	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	77,405	37,700	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	67,445	32,675	34,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,785	17,895	17,895	53.1	54.8	51.5
Married	26,670	13,330	13,340	39.5	40.8	38.4
Living common-law	9,120	4,560	4,560	13.5	14.0	13.1
Living common law - Never married	6,750	3,395	3,355	10.0	10.4	9.7
Living common law - Separated	595	300	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	1,570	770	795	2.3	2.4	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	31,655	14,785	16,870	46.9	45.2	48.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,480	11,395	10,090	31.8	34.9	29.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,230	895	1,335	3.3	2.7	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,415	1,700	2,710	6.5	5.2	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,540	805	2,735	5.2	2.5	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,230	...	...	57.5	...	...
3 persons	4,350	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	3,450	...	...	16.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,240	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,480	...	...	82.2	...	...
Married couples	12,920	...	...	60.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,015	...	...	28.3	...	...
Without children	6,905	...	...	32.5	...	...
Common-law couples	4,555	...	...	21.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,655	...	...	7.8	...	...
Without children	2,900	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,790	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,020	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	765	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	58,020	28,325	29,700	75.0	75.1	74.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,965	17,480	17,480	45.2	46.4	44.0
Parents in one-parent families	3,785	770	3,020	4.9	2.0	7.6
Children⁶	19,275	10,070	9,200	24.9	26.7	23.2
In a two-parent family	13,655	7,045	6,615	17.6	18.7	16.7
In a one-parent family	5,615	3,030	2,585	7.3	8.0	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,385	9,380	10,005	25.0	24.9	25.2
Living alone	11,540	5,065	6,475	14.9	13.4	16.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,055	920	1,140	2.7	2.4	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	5,785	3,395	2,390	7.5	9.0	6.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,245	...	...	54.8	...	...
Couple-family households	16,235	...	...	46.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,155	...	...	20.4	...	...
Without children	9,085	...	...	25.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,000	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	485	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,065	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,655	...	...	7.6	...	...
One-person households	11,540	...	...	32.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	65,515	31,720	33,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,195	30,585	32,615	96.5	96.4	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,200	35,600	38,000	41,200	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,220	30,600	32,625	96.5	96.5	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,400	34,000	36,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,200	27,835	28,370	85.8	87.8	83.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,200	32,400	36,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,340	23,705	22,635	70.7	74.7	67.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,800	33,200	36,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,855	23,020	27,830	77.6	72.6	82.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	10,400	11,500	11,000	10,400	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,960	4,310	4,655	13.7	13.6	13.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,630	8,625	9,005	26.9	27.2	26.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	65,515	31,720	33,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,085	30,530	32,555	96.3	96.2	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	51,500	41,160	46,160	51,500	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,120	30,545	32,570	96.3	96.3	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	42,640	35,520	38,960	42,640	35,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,160	27,780	28,385	85.7	87.6	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	47,440	35,320	41,320	47,440	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,335	23,685	22,655	70.7	74.7	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,720	44,840	36,440	40,720	44,840	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,815	22,935	27,875	77.6	72.3	82.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,660	11,110	12,110	11,660	11,110	12,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,750	4,220	4,530	13.4	13.3	13.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,470	6,420	6,510	6,470	6,420	6,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,475	8,380	9,095	26.7	26.4	26.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,010	8,990	9,000	9,010	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	65,520	31,715	33,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,200	11,855	10,345	33.9	37.4	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	55,600	50,000	52,800	55,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,350	65,800	56,250	61,350	65,800	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,715	8,895	9,820	28.6	28.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	18,200	15,200	16,600	18,200	15,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,380	26,000	21,000	23,380	26,000	21,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	83.8	74.8	79.6	83.8	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	67.6	61.6	64.8	67.6	61.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.3	16.2	25.2	20.3	16.2	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.7	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.5	7.3	6.3	5.5	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.4	4.8	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	65,515	31,720	33,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,320	1,135	1,185	3.5	3.6	3.5
With total income	63,200	30,585	32,615	96.5	96.4	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,830	2,205	2,620	7.6	7.2	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,605	3,035	4,575	12.0	9.9	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	10,985	4,850	6,135	17.4	15.9	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,160	4,795	5,360	16.1	15.7	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	8,775	4,135	4,640	13.9	13.5	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,200	3,165	3,030	9.8	10.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,205	2,255	1,950	6.7	7.4	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,015	1,690	1,330	4.8	5.5	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,155	1,120	1,030	3.4	3.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,505	815	690	2.4	2.7	2.1
$100,000 and over	3,780	2,530	1,250	6.0	8.3	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	2,565	1,645	915	4.1	5.4	2.8
$150,000 and over	1,210	880	335	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	65,515	31,720	33,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,295	1,120	1,175	3.5	3.5	3.5
With after-tax income	63,220	30,595	32,620	96.5	96.5	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,100	2,270	2,835	8.1	7.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,940	3,215	4,725	12.6	10.5	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,345	6,045	7,295	21.1	19.8	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,155	5,765	6,385	19.2	18.8	19.6
$40,000 to $49,999	9,375	4,700	4,670	14.8	15.4	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,840	3,065	2,770	9.2	10.0	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,605	1,895	1,705	5.7	6.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,200	1,205	995	3.5	3.9	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,220	745	480	1.9	2.4	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	700	445	255	1.1	1.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,745	1,240	505	2.8	4.1	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	855	600	260	1.4	2.0	0.8
$125,000 and over	895	645	245	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	65,515	31,720	33,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,180	8,015	11,165	29.3	25.3	33.0
With employment income	46,335	23,705	22,635	70.7	74.7	67.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,985	2,900	3,085	12.9	12.2	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,045	1,825	2,215	8.7	7.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,135	2,875	3,260	13.2	12.1	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,135	2,590	2,545	11.1	10.9	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,755	2,750	3,005	12.4	11.6	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,080	2,575	2,500	11.0	10.9	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,720	2,035	1,680	8.0	8.6	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,785	1,520	1,265	6.0	6.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,225	910	4.6	5.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,655	830	830	3.6	3.5	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,130	630	495	2.4	2.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	2,790	1,945	840	6.0	8.2	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,350	885	470	2.9	3.7	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,440	1,065	370	3.1	4.5	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	65,515	31,720	33,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,920	29,900	32,020	94.5	94.3	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,400	34,800	38,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,960	29,900	32,055	94.6	94.3	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,400	28,800	31,400	34,400	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,435	27,425	28,010	84.6	86.5	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,600	32,400	36,400	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,125	23,555	22,570	70.4	74.3	66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	30,400	32,800	36,000	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,725	19,515	25,215	68.3	61.5	74.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	5,840	7,500	6,950	5,840	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,665	3,200	3,470	10.2	10.1	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,680	5,440	5,520	5,680	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	65,515	31,720	33,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,775	29,785	31,990	94.3	93.9	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,320	38,040	43,480	49,320	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,830	29,785	32,050	94.4	93.9	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,520	40,640	32,680	36,520	40,640	32,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,480	27,355	28,130	84.7	86.2	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	47,960	35,240	41,480	47,960	35,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,970	23,455	22,515	70.2	73.9	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	45,560	36,520	41,160	45,560	36,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,610	19,380	25,230	68.1	61.1	74.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,130	8,950	8,590	8,130	8,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,590	3,135	3,450	10.1	9.9	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,690	7,220	6,970	6,690	7,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	65,520	31,715	33,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,085	11,770	10,310	33.7	37.1	30.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	52,000	46,400	49,200	52,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,750	62,450	52,400	57,750	62,450	52,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,220	8,200	9,020	26.3	25.9	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	24,000	19,000	21,000	24,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,960	31,560	24,700	27,960	31,560	24,700
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.2	81.4	85.8	89.2	81.4
Employment income (%)	70.4	72.8	67.6	70.4	72.8	67.6
Government transfers (%)	14.3	10.7	18.6	14.3	10.7	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	23,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...	82,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,320	...	...	44,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,640	...	...	37,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	23,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	370	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	600	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,410	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,555	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,740	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,700	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,235	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,890	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,975	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,945	...	...	28.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,635	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,335	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,400	...	...	6.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,575	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	680	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	635	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,040	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,795	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,925	...	...	5.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,045	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,075	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,960	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,680	...	...	10.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,260	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,015	...	...	8.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,015	...	...	20.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,240	...	...	9.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,820	...	...	5.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,955	...	...	5.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,330	8,460	8,870	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,200	34,000	34,800	35,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	31,800	31,000	31,400	31,800	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,350	...	...	59,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,405	8,540	8,865	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,360	42,440	38,320	40,360	42,440	38,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,680	35,880	33,560	34,680	35,880	33,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,205	7,165	7,040	18.4	19.0	17.7
0 to 5 years	4,330	2,145	2,180	5.6	5.7	5.5
18 to 64 years	49,110	24,235	24,875	63.4	64.3	62.6
65 years and over	14,090	6,290	7,795	18.2	16.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,945	5,385	6,565	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,955	1,485	1,465	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	985	475	510	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,530	3,010	3,520	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,465	890	1,575	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.3	16.5	15.4	14.3	16.5
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.7	20.8	20.8	20.7	20.8
0 to 5 years (%)	22.7	22.1	23.4	22.7	22.1	23.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	12.4	14.2	13.3	12.4	14.2
65 years and over (%)	17.5	14.2	20.2	17.5	14.2	20.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,200	7,170	7,035	18.3	19.0	17.7
0 to 5 years	4,325	2,145	2,185	5.6	5.7	5.5
18 to 64 years	49,110	24,240	24,870	63.4	64.3	62.6
65 years and over	14,090	6,295	7,795	18.2	16.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,270	2,655	2,620	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,135	560	570	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	340	165	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,875	1,995	1,875	...	...	...
65 years and over	265	90	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	7.0	6.6	6.8	7.0	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	7.8	8.1	8.0	7.8	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	7.7	8.2	7.9	7.7	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	8.2	7.5	7.9	8.2	7.5
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.2	1.9	1.5	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	49,130	23,665	25,470	63.5	62.8	64.1
In bottom decile	11,435	5,425	6,010	14.8	14.4	15.1
In second decile	10,620	4,990	5,625	13.7	13.2	14.2
In third decile	9,780	4,690	5,095	12.6	12.4	12.8
In fourth decile	8,840	4,345	4,490	11.4	11.5	11.3
In fifth decile	8,455	4,205	4,250	10.9	11.2	10.7
In top half of the distribution	28,275	14,035	14,235	36.5	37.2	35.9
In sixth decile	7,310	3,665	3,645	9.4	9.7	9.2
In seventh decile	6,705	3,280	3,430	8.7	8.7	8.6
In eighth decile	5,990	2,950	3,035	7.7	7.8	7.6
In ninth decile	4,720	2,350	2,365	6.1	6.2	6.0
In top decile	3,550	1,795	1,760	4.6	4.8	4.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	77,405	...	...	77,405	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	78,210	38,075	40,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	41,625	21,055	20,575	53.2	55.3	51.3
French only	2,015	900	1,105	2.6	2.4	2.8
English and French	34,135	15,905	18,225	43.6	41.8	45.4
Neither English nor French	435	210	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	78,210	38,075	40,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,115	26,725	27,390	69.2	70.2	68.2
French	22,410	10,535	11,880	28.7	27.7	29.6
English and French	1,275	615	655	1.6	1.6	1.6
Neither English nor French	410	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	78,210	38,075	40,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	74,600	36,320	38,285	95.4	95.4	95.4
Official languages	67,140	32,465	34,675	85.8	85.3	86.4
English	45,765	22,430	23,330	58.5	58.9	58.1
French	21,375	10,035	11,345	27.3	26.4	28.3
Non-official languages	7,465	3,855	3,610	9.5	10.1	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,450	3,850	3,600	9.5	10.1	9.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,185	630	555	1.5	1.7	1.4
Berber languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,130	600	530	1.4	1.6	1.3
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,085	575	515	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	430	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	425	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	645	280	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	490	225	270	0.6	0.6	0.7
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	185	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,130	1,685	1,445	4.0	4.4	3.6
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	515	260	255	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	505	255	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	310	160	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,300	775	525	1.7	2.0	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,190	720	475	1.5	1.9	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	190	135	55	0.2	0.4	0.1
Hindi	200	130	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	580	340	235	0.7	0.9	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,065	535	535	1.4	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	400	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	440	210	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	480	240	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	505	255	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	595	290	305	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	575	280	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	440	205	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,610	1,755	1,855	4.6	4.6	4.6
English and French	2,230	1,055	1,175	2.9	2.8	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	915	465	450	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	290	140	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	78,210	38,075	40,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,505	23,875	24,625	62.0	62.7	61.4
French	12,905	5,990	6,915	16.5	15.7	17.2
Non-official language	2,275	1,160	1,115	2.9	3.0	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,275	1,160	1,115	2.9	3.0	2.8
English and French	8,175	3,790	4,385	10.5	10.0	10.9
English and non-official language(s)	4,615	2,415	2,205	5.9	6.3	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	565	255	305	0.7	0.7	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	950	480	470	1.2	1.3	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	78,210	38,075	40,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	74,690	36,365	38,320	95.5	95.5	95.5
Official languages	69,750	33,815	35,935	89.2	88.8	89.5
English	53,730	26,390	27,340	68.7	69.3	68.1
French	16,015	7,430	8,590	20.5	19.5	21.4
Non-official languages	4,935	2,550	2,385	6.3	6.7	5.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,935	2,550	2,385	6.3	6.7	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	800	410	390	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	775	400	380	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	765	390	375	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	150	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	310	150	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	345	160	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	130	140	0.4	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	145	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,020	1,090	930	2.6	2.9	2.3
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	345	180	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	345	175	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	235	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	905	530	380	1.2	1.4	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	835	490	340	1.1	1.3	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	110	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	285	185	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	700	350	355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	330	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	255	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	415	210	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	285	130	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	440	215	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	425	205	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	340	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,520	1,705	1,820	4.5	4.5	4.5
English and French	1,925	875	1,045	2.5	2.3	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,235	645	590	1.6	1.7	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	78,210	38,075	40,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,685	32,455	34,230	85.3	85.2	85.3
English	4,550	2,215	2,335	5.8	5.8	5.8
French	3,840	1,795	2,045	4.9	4.7	5.1
Non-official language	1,910	965	945	2.4	2.5	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,895	955	940	2.4	2.5	2.3
English and French	200	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	460	245	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	300	165	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	76,945	37,485	39,460	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	74,865	36,560	38,310	96.7	97.0	96.5
French	35,945	16,755	19,185	46.4	44.4	48.3
Non-official languages	11,540	5,935	5,610	14.9	15.7	14.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,490	5,900	5,585	14.8	15.6	14.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,590	890	700	2.1	2.4	1.8
Berber languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,495	840	650	1.9	2.2	1.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,390	780	615	1.8	2.1	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	250	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	460	250	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	985	430	560	1.3	1.1	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	815	355	460	1.1	0.9	1.2
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	315	115	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Haitian Creole	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Krio	50	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morisyen	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	530	320	210	0.7	0.8	0.5
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	250	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Telugu	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,030	2,605	2,425	6.5	6.9	6.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	695	375	325	0.9	1.0	0.8
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	375	325	0.9	1.0	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	470	255	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	210	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	425	190	230	0.5	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	315	150	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	305	145	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,870	1,075	800	2.4	2.9	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,785	1,030	755	2.3	2.7	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	240	175	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
Hindi	1,190	665	520	1.5	1.8	1.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	840	450	385	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,150	1,000	1,150	2.8	2.7	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	550	275	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,370	610	765	1.8	1.6	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	565	300	265	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,605	820	785	2.1	2.2	2.0
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	170	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	230	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	325	145	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Wojenaka	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	355	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages	210	80	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	190	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	370	345	0.9	1.0	0.9
Chinese languages	690	355	335	0.9	0.9	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	605	295	310	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,405	37,700	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,080	985	1,095	2.7	2.6	2.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,005	935	1,070	2.6	2.5	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,115	520	595	1.4	1.4	1.5
Métis	850	385	460	1.1	1.0	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	75,325	36,720	38,610	97.3	97.4	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,405	37,700	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	580	300	285	0.7	0.8	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	76,820	37,400	39,420	99.2	99.2	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,635	...	...	55.9	...	...
Renter	15,475	...	...	44.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,945	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not condominium	33,170	...	...	94.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	5,080	...	...	14.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,270	...	...	32.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,575	...	...	33.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,960	...	...	19.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,285	...	...	32.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,855	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,830	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,255	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,885	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,665	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	455	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,750	...	...	96.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,370	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,225	...	...	20.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,895	...	...	25.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,850	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,360	...	...	12.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,480	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,120	...	...	8.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,755	...	...	7.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,435	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,095	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,025	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,605	...	...	53.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,380	...	...	43.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,130	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,000	...	...	5.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,665	...	...	16.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,095	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,945	...	...	16.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,985	...	...	17.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,275	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,910	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,245	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,870	...	...	79.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,050	...	...	20.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,465	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,660	...	...	27.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,355	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,140	...	...	3.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,395	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,455	...	...	72.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,250	...	...	9.5	...	...
Not in core need	31,085	...	...	90.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,640	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.5	...	...	65.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,162	...	...	1,162	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	237,600	...	...	237,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.1	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	865	430	435	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	855	430	425	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	635	300	335	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis single ancestry	200	130	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,485	1,120	1,360	3.2	3.0	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,445	1,095	1,345	3.2	2.9	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,785	845	940	2.3	2.2	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	630	250	385	0.8	0.7	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	74,055	36,145	37,910	95.7	95.9	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,480	33,045	35,440	88.5	87.7	89.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,190	6,180	6,010	15.7	16.4	15.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,290	26,865	29,430	72.7	71.3	74.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,925	4,660	4,270	11.5	12.4	10.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,255	31,380	33,880	84.3	83.2	85.3
Immigrants⁸¹	8,460	4,345	4,115	10.9	11.5	10.4
Before 1980	940	435	505	1.2	1.2	1.3
1980 to 1990	265	160	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
1991 to 2000	355	175	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,145	565	580	1.5	1.5	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,765	3,015	2,745	7.4	8.0	6.9
2011 to 2015	1,350	680	675	1.7	1.8	1.7
2016 to 2021	4,415	2,335	2,075	5.7	6.2	5.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,690	1,975	1,715	4.8	5.2	4.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,460	4,345	4,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,055	570	485	12.5	13.1	11.8
5 to 14 years	1,785	935	850	21.1	21.5	20.7
15 to 24 years	1,110	555	560	13.1	12.8	13.6
25 to 44 years	3,850	1,900	1,955	45.5	43.7	47.5
45 years and over	660	390	265	7.8	9.0	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,460	4,345	4,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,180	565	615	13.9	13.0	14.9
Brazil	85	40	45	1.0	0.9	1.1
Colombia	45	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.5
El Salvador	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Guyana	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Haiti	95	40	55	1.1	0.9	1.3
Jamaica	100	25	70	1.2	0.6	1.7
Mexico	45	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Peru	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
United States of America	555	265	295	6.6	6.1	7.2
Other places of birth in Americas	185	100	80	2.2	2.3	1.9
Europe	1,525	770	750	18.0	17.7	18.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	295	145	145	3.5	3.3	3.5
Germany	60	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Italy	65	35	25	0.8	0.8	0.6
Netherlands	30	10	15	0.4	0.2	0.4
Poland	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	120	65	50	1.4	1.5	1.2
Russian Federation	110	45	65	1.3	1.0	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	125	65	55	1.5	1.5	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390	200	190	4.6	4.6	4.6
Other places of birth in Europe	275	145	135	3.3	3.3	3.3
Africa	1,980	1,050	925	23.4	24.2	22.5
Algeria	55	35	20	0.7	0.8	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	270	120	150	3.2	2.8	3.6
Egypt	95	60	35	1.1	1.4	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	170	100	75	2.0	2.3	1.8
Nigeria	465	260	210	5.5	6.0	5.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	875	460	415	10.3	10.6	10.1
Asia	3,760	1,945	1,810	44.4	44.8	44.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraq	55	35	20	0.7	0.8	0.5
Lebanon	110	50	60	1.3	1.2	1.5
Syria⁸⁹	385	235	155	4.6	5.4	3.8
Turkey	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
China⁹⁰	475	210	270	5.6	4.8	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	35	10	0.5	0.8	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	375	195	180	4.4	4.5	4.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	800	350	445	9.5	8.1	10.8
Viet Nam	240	135	105	2.8	3.1	2.6
Bangladesh	65	25	35	0.8	0.6	0.9
India	655	370	290	7.7	8.5	7.0
Pakistan	80	55	30	0.9	1.3	0.7
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	390	205	185	4.6	4.7	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,410	2,340	2,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	355	175	185	8.0	7.5	8.9
Brazil	55	25	30	1.2	1.1	1.4
Colombia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	20	50	1.6	0.9	2.4
Mexico	40	25	20	0.9	1.1	1.0
United States of America	85	50	35	1.9	2.1	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	40	45	1.8	1.7	2.2
Europe	435	225	210	9.9	9.6	10.1
France	125	65	55	2.8	2.8	2.7
Germany	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.8	0.4	1.2
Ukraine	75	35	35	1.7	1.5	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	160	75	90	3.6	3.2	4.3
Africa	1,365	730	635	31.0	31.2	30.6
Algeria	50	25	20	1.1	1.1	1.0
Burundi	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Cameroon	55	15	40	1.2	0.6	1.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	65	90	3.5	2.8	4.3
Côte d'Ivoire	45	20	25	1.0	0.9	1.2
Egypt	85	55	30	1.9	2.4	1.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	95	55	40	2.2	2.4	1.9
Nigeria	465	260	210	10.5	11.1	10.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	65	30	35	1.5	1.3	1.7
Tunisia	25	20	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	285	155	125	6.5	6.6	6.0
Asia	2,250	1,210	1,045	51.0	51.7	50.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	20	30	1.1	0.9	1.4
China⁹⁰	230	110	120	5.2	4.7	5.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	405	240	170	9.2	10.3	8.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	45	25	20	1.0	1.1	1.0
Israel	35	30	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	60	25	40	1.4	1.1	1.9
Korea, South⁹²	135	80	55	3.1	3.4	2.7
Lebanon	25	10	20	0.6	0.4	1.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	75	45	25	1.7	1.9	1.2
Philippines	475	235	240	10.8	10.0	11.6
Saudi Arabia	20	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	340	200	135	7.7	8.5	6.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	65	35	35	1.5	1.5	1.7
Viet Nam	150	75	75	3.4	3.2	3.6
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	25	1.2	1.3	1.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,740	6,600	6,135	16.5	17.5	15.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,135	2,535	2,600	6.6	6.7	6.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,535	28,565	30,970	76.9	75.8	78.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,520	3,910	3,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,120	2,685	2,435	68.1	68.7	67.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,120	1,340	785	28.2	34.3	21.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,000	1,350	1,650	39.9	34.5	45.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,100	525	570	14.6	13.4	15.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,255	665	595	16.7	17.0	16.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	35	15	0.7	0.9	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,520	3,910	3,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	65	25	1.2	1.7	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	965	480	485	12.8	12.3	13.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	255	135	120	3.4	3.5	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	560	330	230	7.4	8.4	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,630	2,890	2,740	74.9	73.9	75.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	77,405	37,700	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,545	5,960	5,580	14.9	15.8	14.1
South Asian	2,310	1,320	990	3.0	3.5	2.5
Chinese	660	315	345	0.9	0.8	0.9
Black	4,075	1,990	2,095	5.3	5.3	5.3
Filipino	980	435	540	1.3	1.2	1.4
Arab	1,165	650	520	1.5	1.7	1.3
Latin American	565	285	280	0.7	0.8	0.7
Southeast Asian	615	325	285	0.8	0.9	0.7
West Asian	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	575	315	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Japanese	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	385	225	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65,860	31,735	34,125	85.1	84.2	85.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	77,405	37,700	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,850	6,595	7,255	17.9	17.5	18.3
English	12,915	6,310	6,610	16.7	16.7	16.6
Irish	14,255	6,760	7,490	18.4	17.9	18.9
Scottish	12,655	6,160	6,495	16.3	16.3	16.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,945	6,720	7,225	18.0	17.8	18.2
German	3,990	1,885	2,105	5.2	5.0	5.3
Chinese	790	395	395	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italian	1,255	570	685	1.6	1.5	1.7
Indian (India)	1,560	890	675	2.0	2.4	1.7
Ukrainian	575	255	315	0.7	0.7	0.8
Dutch	880	425	460	1.1	1.1	1.2
Polish	325	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	700	385	315	0.9	1.0	0.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,695	880	810	2.2	2.3	2.0
Filipino	945	415	520	1.2	1.1	1.3
French Canadian	1,525	745	775	2.0	2.0	2.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,505	2,085	2,420	5.8	5.5	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,025	465	560	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	860	390	470	1.1	1.0	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,195	560	640	1.5	1.5	1.6
Russian	315	170	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Norwegian	350	160	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Welsh	985	455	525	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	370	190	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
American	565	275	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	505	260	250	0.7	0.7	0.6
Swedish	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	13,160	6,065	7,095	17.0	16.1	17.9
Pakistani	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	995	410	590	1.3	1.1	1.5
Jewish	225	130	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	195	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	450	245	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	455	270	185	0.6	0.7	0.5
Greek	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	230	95	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	350	160	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	500	275	230	0.6	0.7	0.6
Romanian	240	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	370	170	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	270	165	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	205	135	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austrian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	200	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	215	145	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexican	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	155	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Finnish	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lankan	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Croatian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	850	400	450	1.1	1.1	1.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	235	145	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egyptian	105	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	245	140	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Czech	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	285	135	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	280	125	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hong Konger	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	310	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	245	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	290	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	325	190	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	1,530	720	810	2.0	1.9	2.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	100	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Breton	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rwandan	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	77,405	37,700	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	180	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian	45,645	20,865	24,785	59.0	55.3	62.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,235	2,530	2,705	6.8	6.7	6.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,140	1,005	1,140	2.8	2.7	2.9
Baptist	4,685	2,095	2,585	6.1	5.6	6.5
Catholic	25,705	11,680	14,025	33.2	31.0	35.3
Christian Orthodox	350	180	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	390	165	230	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	850	380	470	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,040	475	565	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	515	245	265	0.7	0.6	0.7
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,250	1,425	1,825	4.2	3.8	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,335	605	730	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hindu	995	640	360	1.3	1.7	0.9
Jewish	205	130	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	2,485	1,350	1,135	3.2	3.6	2.9
Sikh	605	305	295	0.8	0.8	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	660	280	385	0.9	0.7	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	26,615	14,020	12,590	34.4	37.2	31.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	76,675	37,390	39,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,765	30,515	32,255	81.9	81.6	82.1
Movers	13,910	6,875	7,030	18.1	18.4	17.9
Non-migrants	8,120	3,915	4,200	10.6	10.5	10.7
Migrants	5,795	2,965	2,825	7.6	7.9	7.2
Internal migrants	4,850	2,460	2,390	6.3	6.6	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,350	1,110	1,235	3.1	3.0	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,505	1,350	1,160	3.3	3.6	3.0
External migrants	940	510	430	1.2	1.4	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	73,750	35,945	37,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,440	18,320	19,115	50.8	51.0	50.6
Movers	36,310	17,625	18,685	49.2	49.0	49.4
Non-migrants	14,955	7,025	7,935	20.3	19.5	21.0
Migrants	21,355	10,600	10,750	29.0	29.5	28.4
Internal migrants	14,935	7,265	7,670	20.3	20.2	20.3
Intraprovincial migrants	9,450	4,545	4,910	12.8	12.6	13.0
Interprovincial migrants	5,485	2,715	2,765	7.4	7.6	7.3
External migrants	6,420	3,335	3,085	8.7	9.3	8.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,520	31,715	33,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,735	5,520	5,210	16.4	17.4	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,785	26,195	28,590	83.6	82.6	84.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,890	20,555	21,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,990	2,325	1,665	9.5	11.3	7.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,905	18,225	19,670	90.5	88.7	92.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,515	31,720	33,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,695	4,890	4,810	14.8	15.4	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,070	9,865	9,205	29.1	31.1	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,750	16,965	19,785	56.1	53.5	58.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,480	9,650	10,835	31.3	30.4	32.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,610	2,470	1,140	5.5	7.8	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,055	1,170	885	3.1	3.7	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,550	1,300	255	2.4	4.1	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,390	6,570	8,825	23.5	20.7	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,480	610	870	2.3	1.9	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,270	7,315	8,955	24.8	23.1	26.5
Bachelor's degree	11,060	4,845	6,215	16.9	15.3	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,070	445	620	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	165	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	3,255	1,520	1,730	5.0	4.8	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	525	340	185	0.8	1.1	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,885	20,555	21,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,530	2,025	1,500	8.4	9.9	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,885	5,945	4,940	26.0	28.9	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,470	12,585	14,890	65.6	61.2	69.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,480	6,885	7,600	34.6	33.5	35.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,245	1,475	770	5.4	7.2	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,385	780	605	3.3	3.8	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	865	695	170	2.1	3.4	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,325	5,025	6,300	27.0	24.4	29.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	910	385	525	2.2	1.9	2.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,995	5,700	7,295	31.0	27.7	34.2
Bachelor's degree	8,845	3,865	4,980	21.1	18.8	23.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	825	315	510	2.0	1.5	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	105	190	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	2,665	1,195	1,470	6.4	5.8	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	220	145	0.9	1.1	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,515	31,720	33,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,765	14,755	14,015	43.9	46.5	41.5
Education	2,415	660	1,755	3.7	2.1	5.2
13. Education	2,415	660	1,755	3.7	2.1	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	565	710	1.9	1.8	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,105	470	645	1.7	1.5	1.9
Humanities	1,700	685	1,010	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	60	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	415	145	270	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	95	235	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	115	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	265	150	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	25	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,715	1,175	2,535	5.7	3.7	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	185	230	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	40	760	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	675	230	445	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	725	165	555	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	980	510	470	1.5	1.6	1.4
Business, management and public administration	9,960	3,875	6,080	15.2	12.2	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	725	165	565	1.1	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,220	3,715	5,505	14.1	11.7	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,260	595	660	1.9	1.9	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	595	260	330	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	300	200	105	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,110	1,590	520	3.2	5.0	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,850	1,440	415	2.8	4.5	1.2
25. Library science	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,845	5,265	575	8.9	16.6	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,175	955	220	1.8	3.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665	1,435	230	2.5	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,040	1,020	15	1.6	3.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,235	1,185	50	1.9	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	600	590	10	0.9	1.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	550	270	275	0.8	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	165	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	105	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	5,230	860	4,370	8.0	2.7	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	200	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,735	605	4,130	7.2	1.9	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,700	1,415	1,280	4.1	4.5	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,510	410	1,100	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
43. Security and protective services	540	405	130	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	580	555	25	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,890	20,555	21,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,415	7,975	6,445	34.4	38.8	30.2
Education	1,455	345	1,110	3.5	1.7	5.2
13. Education	1,455	345	1,110	3.5	1.7	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,075	485	590	2.6	2.4	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	960	415	545	2.3	2.0	2.6
Humanities	1,245	480	765	3.0	2.3	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	40	140	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	310	100	205	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	55	155	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	215	125	90	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	20	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,015	920	2,095	7.2	4.5	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	180	200	0.9	0.9	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	675	20	655	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	555	180	370	1.3	0.9	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	565	110	455	1.3	0.5	2.1
45. Social sciences	775	400	375	1.9	1.9	1.8
Business, management and public administration	7,610	3,015	4,595	18.2	14.7	21.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	120	410	1.3	0.6	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,075	2,890	4,180	16.9	14.1	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	975	450	520	2.3	2.2	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	455	195	255	1.1	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	70	120	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	245	160	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,780	1,385	395	4.2	6.7	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,580	1,255	330	3.8	6.1	1.5
25. Library science	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	75	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,100	3,620	475	9.8	17.6	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	925	740	185	2.2	3.6	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,245	1,045	200	3.0	5.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	660	650	10	1.6	3.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	755	725	35	1.8	3.5	0.2
48. Precision production	405	395	10	1.0	1.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	430	210	215	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	120	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	85	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	3,865	695	3,165	9.2	3.4	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	150	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,480	500	2,980	8.3	2.4	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,925	965	960	4.6	4.7	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,110	295	815	2.6	1.4	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	375	265	110	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	415	385	25	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	41,890	20,555	21,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,415	7,975	6,445	34.4	38.8	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,475	12,585	14,895	65.6	61.2	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	23,270	10,510	12,760	55.6	51.1	59.8
Same as province or territory of residence	16,800	7,535	9,265	40.1	36.7	43.4
Different than province or territory of residence	6,470	2,975	3,495	15.4	14.5	16.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,205	2,075	2,130	10.0	10.1	10.0
Americas	770	390	380	1.8	1.9	1.8
United States of America	295	140	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexico	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	260	145	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Colombia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	735	390	345	1.8	1.9	1.6
Belgium	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	160	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	100	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	675	340	330	1.6	1.7	1.5
Nigeria	220	95	125	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algeria	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	185	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Asia	1,935	915	1,020	4.6	4.5	4.8
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	265	115	150	0.6	0.6	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	220	115	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Philippines	460	190	270	1.1	0.9	1.3
Viet Nam	140	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	605	300	305	1.4	1.5	1.4
Pakistan	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	65,515	31,720	33,795	...	...	...
In the labour force	42,570	21,725	20,845	...	...	...
Employed	38,670	19,575	19,100	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,895	2,155	1,745	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	22,945	9,995	12,950	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.0	68.5	61.7	65.0	68.5	61.7
Employment rate	59.0	61.7	56.5	59.0	61.7	56.5
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.9	8.4	9.1	9.9	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	65,515	31,720	33,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,195	10,170	13,025	35.4	32.1	38.5
Worked	42,320	21,545	20,775	64.6	67.9	61.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,735	12,150	10,580	34.7	38.3	31.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,590	9,395	10,190	29.9	29.6	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.6	40.7	41.2	41.6	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	42,565	21,725	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	420	415	2.0	1.9	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	41,730	21,300	20,430	98.0	98.0	98.0
Employee	37,950	19,070	18,880	89.2	87.8	90.6
Permanent position	31,650	15,955	15,690	74.4	73.4	75.3
Temporary position	6,305	3,115	3,190	14.8	14.3	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,965	950	1,020	4.6	4.4	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,340	2,165	2,175	10.2	10.0	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,780	2,230	1,545	8.9	10.3	7.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	42,565	21,725	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	420	415	2.0	1.9	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	41,730	21,300	20,430	98.0	98.0	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	410	305	105	1.0	1.4	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,265	2,660	4,610	17.1	12.2	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,955	2,250	705	6.9	10.4	3.4
3 Health occupations	3,815	710	3,105	9.0	3.3	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,740	1,635	3,100	11.1	7.5	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,140	580	560	2.7	2.7	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	14,005	6,550	7,460	32.9	30.1	35.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,720	5,270	450	13.4	24.3	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460	375	85	1.1	1.7	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,220	970	250	2.9	4.5	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	42,565	21,725	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	420	415	2.0	1.9	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	41,730	21,300	20,430	98.0	98.0	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	370	255	120	0.9	1.2	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	170	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
22 Utilities	140	125	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
23 Construction	2,090	1,795	300	4.9	8.3	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,155	1,650	510	5.1	7.6	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,175	875	305	2.8	4.0	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,700	2,855	2,845	13.4	13.1	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,510	1,870	635	5.9	8.6	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,085	660	420	2.5	3.0	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	2,735	1,135	1,600	6.4	5.2	7.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	595	370	230	1.4	1.7	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,450	1,445	1,005	5.8	6.7	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,110	1,810	1,300	7.3	8.3	6.2
61 Educational services	2,845	1,060	1,785	6.7	4.9	8.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,720	1,180	4,545	13.4	5.4	21.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	920	535	380	2.2	2.5	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,240	1,345	1,900	7.6	6.2	9.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,605	740	865	3.8	3.4	4.1
91 Public administration	2,940	1,395	1,540	6.9	6.4	7.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,580	23,170	22,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	29,830	15,945	13,880	65.4	68.8	61.9
French	3,545	1,425	2,120	7.8	6.2	9.5
Non-official language	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	11,690	5,520	6,170	25.6	23.8	27.5
English and non-official language(s)	340	195	145	0.7	0.8	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,580	23,170	22,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,005	21,980	21,025	94.4	94.9	93.8
Official languages	42,845	21,900	20,945	94.0	94.5	93.5
English	36,695	19,405	17,285	80.5	83.8	77.1
French	6,155	2,490	3,660	13.5	10.7	16.3
Non-official languages	160	75	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	75	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,575	1,195	1,380	5.6	5.2	6.2
English and French	2,460	1,125	1,330	5.4	4.9	5.9
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,580	23,170	22,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	36,000	18,580	17,425	79.0	80.2	77.8
English	2,660	1,105	1,560	5.8	4.8	7.0
French	6,655	3,350	3,300	14.6	14.5	14.7
Non-official language	190	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,675	19,575	19,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,080	3,970	4,110	20.9	20.3	21.5
Worked outside Canada	115	100	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,900	2,880	1,015	10.1	14.7	5.3
Usual place of work	26,585	12,615	13,965	68.7	64.4	73.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,580	12,615	13,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,410	9,435	10,985	76.8	74.8	78.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,650	2,360	2,290	17.5	18.7	16.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,250	635	615	4.7	5.0	4.4
Commute to a different province or territory	270	190	80	1.0	1.5	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,480	15,500	14,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,130	13,510	12,615	85.7	87.2	84.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,750	12,320	10,435	74.6	79.5	69.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,380	1,195	2,180	11.1	7.7	14.5
Public transit	1,065	400	665	3.5	2.6	4.4
Walked	2,295	995	1,295	7.5	6.4	8.6
Bicycle	235	200	35	0.8	1.3	0.2
Other method	755	390	365	2.5	2.5	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,480	15,500	14,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,120	8,310	8,815	56.2	53.6	58.8
15 to 29 minutes	10,300	5,425	4,875	33.8	35.0	32.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,940	1,050	885	6.4	6.8	5.9
45 to 59 minutes	470	285	180	1.5	1.8	1.2
60 minutes and over	650	430	220	2.1	2.8	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,480	15,500	14,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,195	820	375	3.9	5.3	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,840	2,360	1,475	12.6	15.2	9.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,380	4,510	4,870	30.8	29.1	32.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,885	3,110	3,775	22.6	20.1	25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,870	1,665	2,200	12.7	10.7	14.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,315	3,035	2,280	17.4	19.6	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,470	7,300	7,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,990	3,015	2,975	41.4	41.3	41.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,485	4,290	4,190	58.6	58.8	58.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,640	5,405	5,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,400	2,230	2,170	41.4	41.3	41.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,250	1,645	1,605	30.5	30.4	30.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,150	585	565	10.8	10.8	10.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,235	3,175	3,055	58.6	58.7	58.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table