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Topic-based tabulation: Income Status Before Tax and Income Status After Tax (8) and Economic Family Status and Age Groups (80) for the Persons in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2005 - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-563-XCB2006029
Release date :May 1, 2008
Topic :Income and earnings
Data dimensions :

Note

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Economic families

In 2006 Census tables showing income data for economic families or economic family members, children of the economic family reference person may have any marital status; and grandchildren of the reference person, where no parent is present in the household, are treated as children of the reference person. In income tables before 2006, all previously married sons and daughters of the economic family reference person and all grandchildren of the reference person were classified as other economic family members. Where data for 2001 are shown in the 2006 Census tables, there are 75,000 more lone-parent families and 75,000 fewer other economic families in Canada for 2001 than as published at the time of the 2001 Census. Similarly, there are 66,000 more couple economic families with children, and 66,000 fewer couple economic families without children.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Non-permanent residents and the census universe

In the 2006 Census, non-permanent residents are defined as people from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living in Canada with them. In the 1991, 1996 and 2001 censuses, non-permanent residents also included persons who held a Minister's permit; this was discontinued by Citizenship and Immigration Canada prior to the 2006 Census.

From 1991 on, the Census of Population has enumerated both permanent and non-permanent residents of Canada. Prior to 1991, only permanent residents of Canada were included in the census. (The only exception to this occurred in 1941.) Non-permanent residents were considered foreign residents and were not enumerated.

Total population counts, as well as counts for all variables, are affected by this change in the census universe. Users should be especially careful when comparing data from 1991, 1996, 2001 or 2006 with data from previous censuses in geographic areas where there is a concentration of non-permanent residents.

Today in Canada, non-permanent residents make up a significant segment of the population, especially in several census metropolitan areas. Their presence can affect the demand for such government services as health care, schooling, employment programs and language training. The inclusion of non-permanent residents in the census facilitates comparisons with provincial and territorial statistics (marriages, divorces, births and deaths) which include this population. In addition, this inclusion of non-permanent residents brings Canadian practice closer to the United Nations (UN) recommendation that long-term residents (persons living in a country for one year or longer) be enumerated in the census.

Although every attempt has been made to enumerate non-permanent residents, factors such as language difficulties, the reluctance to complete a government form or to understand the need to participate may have affected the enumeration of this population.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE or 92-566-XPE.

For counts of the non-permanent resident population in 1991, 2001 and 2006, please refer to the 2006 Census table 97-557-XCB2006006.

Note: Population universe

The population universe of the 2006 Census includes the following groups:
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants with a usual place of residence in Canada;
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants who are abroad, either on a military base or attached to a diplomatic mission;
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants at sea or in port aboard merchant vessels under Canadian registry;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who are claiming refugee status and members of their families living with them;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who hold Study Permits and members of their families living with them;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who hold Work Permits and members of their families living with them.

For census purposes, the last three groups in this list are referred to as 'non-permanent residents'. For further information, refer to the variable Immigration: Non-permanent resident found in the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE or 92-566-XPE.

Note: Prevalence of low income rates (before- or after-tax)

Prevalence of low income rates (before- or after-tax) are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details income status before tax and income status after tax and economic family status and age groups for the persons in private households in CanadaFootnote 1
Economic family status and age groups (80) Income status before tax and income status after tax (8)
Total - Income status before taxFootnote 2 Low income Other Prevalence of low income (before tax) % Total - Income status after taxFootnote 3 Low income Other Prevalence of low income (after tax) %
Total - All persons in private householdsFootnote 4 30,628,935 4,701,020 25,927,920 15.3 30,628,935 3,484,625 27,144,310 11.4
Under 6 years 1,972,050 381,280 1,590,770 19.3 1,972,050 286,725 1,685,325 14.5
6 to 14 years 3,448,315 610,565 2,837,745 17.7 3,448,315 446,720 3,001,595 13.0
15 to 24 years 4,112,205 774,205 3,338,005 18.8 4,112,205 617,130 3,495,075 15.0
25 to 34 years 3,913,105 624,770 3,288,335 16.0 3,913,105 488,930 3,424,170 12.5
35 to 44 years 4,717,140 668,330 4,048,815 14.2 4,717,140 518,505 4,198,635 11.0
45 to 54 years 4,882,270 587,825 4,294,440 12.0 4,882,265 472,375 4,409,895 9.7
55 to 64 years 3,599,170 481,730 3,117,440 13.4 3,599,170 387,350 3,211,815 10.8
65 years and over 3,984,685 572,315 3,412,370 14.4 3,984,680 266,880 3,717,795 6.7
Total - Males 15,017,885 2,124,695 12,893,190 14.1 15,017,885 1,612,460 13,405,425 10.7
Under 6 years 1,007,905 193,885 814,020 19.2 1,007,905 145,635 862,275 14.4
6 to 14 years 1,767,500 313,070 1,454,425 17.7 1,767,500 229,185 1,538,310 13.0
15 to 24 years 2,095,775 366,520 1,729,255 17.5 2,095,775 290,285 1,805,485 13.9
25 to 34 years 1,908,960 275,325 1,633,635 14.4 1,908,960 219,005 1,689,950 11.5
35 to 44 years 2,306,195 305,900 2,000,290 13.3 2,306,195 241,025 2,065,175 10.5
45 to 54 years 2,387,245 283,555 2,103,685 11.9 2,387,245 230,545 2,156,700 9.7
55 to 64 years 1,764,450 218,460 1,545,995 12.4 1,764,455 179,055 1,585,395 10.1
65 years and over 1,779,855 167,975 1,611,880 9.4 1,779,855 77,725 1,702,130 4.4
Total - Females 15,611,050 2,576,325 13,034,725 16.5 15,611,050 1,872,165 13,738,885 12.0
Under 6 years 964,145 187,395 776,750 19.4 964,140 141,095 823,050 14.6
6 to 14 years 1,680,815 297,490 1,383,320 17.7 1,680,815 217,535 1,463,280 12.9
15 to 24 years 2,016,435 407,685 1,608,745 20.2 2,016,435 326,845 1,689,590 16.2
25 to 34 years 2,004,145 349,445 1,654,700 17.4 2,004,145 269,930 1,734,220 13.5
35 to 44 years 2,410,945 362,425 2,048,520 15.0 2,410,945 277,485 2,133,460 11.5
45 to 54 years 2,495,025 304,270 2,190,755 12.2 2,495,025 241,825 2,253,190 9.7
55 to 64 years 1,834,715 263,270 1,571,445 14.3 1,834,720 208,295 1,626,420 11.4
65 years and over 2,204,830 404,345 1,800,485 18.3 2,204,830 189,160 2,015,665 8.6
Total - All family membersFootnote 5 26,358,390 3,144,530 23,213,860 11.9 26,358,390 2,274,755 24,083,635 8.6
Couple family membersFootnote 6 22,561,115 2,047,700 20,513,420 9.1 22,561,115 1,460,260 21,100,855 6.5
Husbands, male common-law partners or reference persons 7,243,345 610,240 6,633,110 8.4 7,243,350 431,055 6,812,295 6.0
15 to 24 years 123,780 30,490 93,290 24.6 123,780 21,525 102,255 17.4
25 to 44 years 2,624,940 270,640 2,354,295 10.3 2,624,940 199,600 2,425,335 7.6
45 to 64 years 3,171,345 243,715 2,927,630 7.7 3,171,345 184,315 2,987,030 5.8
65 years and over 1,323,285 65,390 1,257,895 4.9 1,323,285 25,615 1,297,670 1.9
Spouses or common-law partners 7,243,345 610,235 6,633,115 8.4 7,243,345 431,055 6,812,295 6.0
15 to 24 years 235,085 49,925 185,160 21.2 235,085 35,895 199,195 15.3
25 to 44 years 2,962,780 306,055 2,656,720 10.3 2,962,775 226,275 2,736,500 7.6
45 to 64 years 3,061,570 213,680 2,847,885 7.0 3,061,565 156,810 2,904,755 5.1
65 years and over 983,915 40,575 943,340 4.1 983,915 12,070 971,845 1.2
Children under 6 years 1,629,130 223,495 1,405,635 13.7 1,629,130 159,930 1,469,200 9.8
Children 6 to 17 years 3,645,385 409,565 3,235,825 11.2 3,645,385 294,025 3,351,360 8.1
Children 18 years and over 2,192,315 142,945 2,049,365 6.5 2,192,310 108,625 2,083,685 5.0
Other couple family members 607,590 51,220 556,370 8.4 607,590 35,570 572,020 5.9
Male lone-parent family membersFootnote 7 614,275 98,590 515,685 16.0 614,275 71,420 542,855 11.6
Male lone parents 243,150 38,835 204,315 16.0 243,155 28,285 214,870 11.6
15 to 24 years 1,420 540 880 38.2 1,420 425 995 30.3
25 to 44 years 78,825 16,070 62,755 20.4 78,825 11,915 66,910 15.1
45 to 64 years 126,490 18,780 107,705 14.9 126,490 14,065 112,425 11.1
65 years and over 36,415 3,445 32,975 9.4 36,415 1,875 34,545 5.1
Children under 6 years 25,165 6,910 18,255 27.5 25,165 5,065 20,100 20.1
Children 6 to 17 years 165,830 33,145 132,690 20.0 165,830 24,010 141,820 14.5
Children 18 years and over 160,340 17,185 143,155 10.7 160,340 12,230 148,105 7.6
Other male lone-parent family members 19,790 2,525 17,265 12.7 19,785 1,835 17,955 9.3
Female lone-parent family membersFootnote 8 2,704,230 913,670 1,790,560 33.8 2,704,230 680,760 2,023,470 25.2
Female lone parents 1,016,845 327,170 689,675 32.2 1,016,845 241,415 775,430 23.7
15 to 24 years 33,330 27,785 5,540 83.4 33,325 23,760 9,560 71.3
25 to 44 years 444,070 194,065 250,005 43.7 444,075 145,315 298,755 32.7
45 to 64 years 376,550 83,355 293,195 22.1 376,555 61,325 315,230 16.3
65 years and over 162,895 21,965 140,925 13.5 162,895 11,010 151,880 6.8
Children less than 6 years 205,125 134,385 70,740 65.5 205,125 109,455 95,670 53.4
Children 6 to 17 years 757,335 320,290 437,045 42.3 757,335 238,740 518,595 31.5
Children 18 years and over 631,870 111,230 520,635 17.6 631,870 75,845 556,025 12.0
Other female lone-parent family members 93,050 20,595 72,450 22.1 93,050 15,300 77,750 16.4
All other economic family type membersFootnote 9 478,770 84,565 394,200 17.7 478,770 62,320 416,450 13.0
Under 15 years 55,725 12,455 43,265 22.4 55,725 9,105 46,620 16.3
15 to 24 years 85,770 27,730 58,040 32.3 85,770 22,130 63,640 25.8
25 to 44 years 151,025 22,015 129,015 14.6 151,030 16,440 134,585 10.9
45 to 64 years 114,675 17,470 97,210 15.2 114,680 12,100 102,575 10.6
65 years and over 71,570 4,895 66,675 6.8 71,565 2,540 69,030 3.5
Total - Persons 15 years and over not in families 4,270,545 1,556,490 2,714,055 36.4 4,270,545 1,209,870 3,060,675 28.3
Males 15 years and over 2,012,010 670,135 1,341,875 33.3 2,012,010 562,275 1,449,735 27.9
15 to 24 years 214,595 127,740 86,855 59.5 214,595 114,290 100,305 53.3
25 to 44 years 805,255 231,390 573,865 28.7 805,260 203,160 602,095 25.2
45 to 64 years 659,875 217,635 442,240 33.0 659,875 198,090 461,785 30.0
65 years and over 332,280 93,365 238,915 28.1 332,275 46,730 285,550 14.1
Females 15 years of age and over 2,258,535 886,355 1,372,180 39.2 2,258,535 647,595 1,610,940 28.7
15 to 24 years 194,960 142,865 52,095 73.3 194,960 128,535 66,425 65.9
25 to 44 years 526,095 168,555 357,540 32.0 526,095 144,490 381,605 27.5
45 to 64 years 678,835 245,745 433,090 36.2 678,835 216,010 462,820 31.8
65 years and over 858,645 329,190 529,455 38.3 858,645 158,560 700,085 18.5

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs) were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and unattached individuals in the Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing.

Low income after tax cut-offs (LICO-AT) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their after tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For the 2005 matrix of low income after tax cut-offs and additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs) were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and unattached individuals in the Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing.

Low income after tax cut-offs (LICO-AT) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their after tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For the 2005 matrix of low income after tax cut-offs and additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption, and thereby constitute an economic family. They can be further classified as follows:

Economic family reference persons - In each economic family, one person is designated as the reference person. For purposes of presentation of historically comparable low-income statistics, the following designations have been made. The male spouse or partner is designated as the reference person in opposite-sex couple families. In lone-parent families, the male or female lone parent is the reference person. In same-sex couple families, the first person in the couple listed on the questionnaire is the economic family reference person. In all other economic families, the reference person can be either a male or female person not in a census family.

Economic family members - Persons other than the reference person (as described above) who belong to the same economic family are classified as female spouses or partners, male or female same-sex spouses or partners, never-married sons or daughters, other sons or daughters or other economic family members. For 2006, other economic family members include foster children. They were previously classified as persons not in economic families.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

The economic family concept requires only that family members be related by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. By contrast, the census family concept requires that family members be either a male or female spouse, a male or female common-law partner, a male or female lone parent, or a child with a parent present. The concept of economic family may therefore refer to a larger group of persons than does the census family concept. For example, a widowed mother living with her married son and daughter-in-law would be treated as a non-family person under the definition of a census family. That same person would, however, be counted as a member of an economic family along with her son and daughter-in-law. Two or more related census families living together also constitute one economic family as, for example, a man and his wife living with their married son and daughter-in-law. Two or more brothers or sisters living together, apart from their parents, will form an economic family, but not a census family, since they do not meet the requirements for the latter. All census family persons are economic family persons. For 2006, foster children are considered economic family members.

The economic family and its associated classifications and variables are derived according to the responses to the questions on sex, date of birth, marital status, common law status, and relationship to Person 1. In addition, consideration is given to the order in which household members are listed on the questionnaire.

As of 1971, published family statistics included families living in private households (including those enumerated outside Canada) and all collective households.

Prior to 2001, economic families were defined in Hutterite collective households as well.

For 2006, married spouses may be of opposite or same sex.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

The economic family concept requires only that family members be related by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. By contrast, the census family concept requires that family members be either a male or female spouse, a male or female common-law partner, a male or female lone parent, or a child with a parent present. The concept of economic family may therefore refer to a larger group of persons than does the census family concept. For example, a widowed mother living with her married son and daughter-in-law would be treated as a non-family person under the definition of a census family. That same person would, however, be counted as a member of an economic family along with her son and daughter-in-law. Two or more related census families living together also constitute one economic family as, for example, a man and his wife living with their married son and daughter-in-law. Two or more brothers or sisters living together, apart from their parents, will form an economic family, but not a census family, since they do not meet the requirements for the latter. All census family persons are economic family persons. For 2006, foster children are considered economic family members.

The economic family and its associated classifications and variables are derived according to the responses to the questions on sex, date of birth, marital status, common law status, and relationship to Person 1. In addition, consideration is given to the order in which household members are listed on the questionnaire.

As of 1971, published family statistics included families living in private households (including those enumerated outside Canada) and all collective households.

Prior to 2001, economic families were defined in Hutterite collective households as well.

For 2006, married spouses may be of opposite or same sex.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Couple economic families refer to those husband-wife, opposite-sex common-law couple families and same-sex married and common-law couple families in which the economic family reference person is one of the spouses or partners.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Lone-parent families are those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Lone-parent families are those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

All other economic families are those in which the economic family reference person is a person not in a census family.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-563-XCB2006029.

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Footnote a

To access the comma separated values (CSV) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example csview.

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Footnote b

To access the tab separated values (TAB) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example AscToTab.

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Footnote c

To access the Beyond 20/20 (IVT) version, you need the Beyond 20/20 Table Browser, which may be downloaded below. These links download files directly from an external site and are not the responsibility of Statistics Canada.

Beyond 20/20 Browser for Windows operating systems (18.9 MB)
To install this product, run 'ProBrowser.exe'.

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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