Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021
Figure 2.6
Immigrants, non-immigrants and non-permanent residents, by citizenship and place of birth

Figure 2.6 demonstrates the breakdown of immigrants, non-immigrants and non‑permanent residents in Canada by place of birth and citizenship. It broadly delineates these populations according to whether they were born inside or outside Canada. Figure 2.6 then further delineates these populations between Canadian citizens by birth, Canadian citizens by naturalization and persons who are not Canadian citizens.

The population in private households can be categorized in the following ways:

1. The non-immigrant population includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.
   1. The non‑immigrant population born in Canada.
   2. The non‑immigrant population born outside Canada.
2. The immigrant population includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents.
   1. The immigrant population born outside Canada.
   2. The immigrant population born in Canada.
3. Non-permanent residents are part of the population born outside Canada. Non‑permanent residents include persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit, or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

The non-immigrant, immigrant and non-permanent resident populations can be further delineated by Canadian citizenship status:

1. The Canadian citizens by birth category includes persons who acquired Canadian citizenship by birth under the provisions of Canadian law.
   1. The non‑immigrant population born in Canada.
   2. The non‑immigrant population born outside Canada.
2. The Canadian citizens by naturalization^{Note 1} category includes persons who were not Canadian citizens by birth but acquired citizenship under the provisions of Canadian law. They are immigrants to Canada who acquired Canadian citizenship through the citizenship application process.
   1. The immigrant population born in Canada.
   2. The immigrant population born outside Canada.
3. The Not Canadian citizens category includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.
   1. The immigrant population born in Canada.
   2. The immigrant population born outside Canada.
   3. The non‑permanent resident population.

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021.