Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John's, City (CY)More information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	110,525	...	...
Population, 2016¹	108,860	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	54,067	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,298	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	247.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	446.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,525	53,515	57,010
0 to 14 years	14,550	7,490	7,060
0 to 4 years	4,425	2,310	2,115
5 to 9 years	4,915	2,505	2,415
10 to 14 years	5,205	2,670	2,530
15 to 64 years	74,255	36,660	37,600
15 to 19 years	5,385	2,780	2,605
20 to 24 years	8,375	4,390	3,980
25 to 29 years	8,205	4,160	4,045
30 to 34 years	8,090	4,015	4,080
35 to 39 years	7,715	3,910	3,805
40 to 44 years	7,185	3,515	3,670
45 to 49 years	6,590	3,200	3,390
50 to 54 years	7,120	3,390	3,730
55 to 59 years	7,955	3,700	4,250
60 to 64 years	7,635	3,595	4,045
65 years and over	21,720	9,365	12,355
65 to 69 years	6,725	3,150	3,570
70 to 74 years	5,740	2,535	3,200
75 to 79 years	4,145	1,795	2,350
80 to 84 years	2,705	1,115	1,585
85 years and over	2,410	765	1,650
85 to 89 years	1,475	525	945
90 to 94 years	700	180	515
95 to 99 years	220	50	170
100 years and over	20	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.2	14.0	12.4
15 to 64 years	67.2	68.5	66.0
65 years and over	19.7	17.5	21.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.4	2.9
Average age of the population	42.8	41.3	44.2
Median age of the population	42.0	40.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,300	...	...
Single-detached house	20,865	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,095	...	...
Row house	5,115	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,895	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,555	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	540	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	120	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,295	...	...
1 person	16,605	...	...
2 persons	17,655	...	...
3 persons	7,465	...	...
4 persons	5,395	...	...
5 or more persons	2,175	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,655	51,980	55,675
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,980	46,025	49,955
Married or living common-law	48,595	24,255	24,340
Married	37,910	18,915	18,995
Living common-law	10,690	5,340	5,345
Living common law - Never married	8,605	4,255	4,350
Living common law - Separated	270	150	125
Living common law - Divorced	1,620	845	775
Living common law - Widowed	190	90	100
Not married and not living common-law	47,380	21,770	25,610
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,920	17,335	15,590
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,265	910	1,350
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,415	2,360	4,050
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,780	1,160	4,620
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,650	...	...
2 persons	16,865	...	...
3 persons	6,560	...	...
4 persons	4,770	...	...
5 or more persons	1,455	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,650	...	...
Total couple families	23,720	...	...
Married couples	18,375	...	...
With children⁶	9,100	...	...
Without children	9,275	...	...
Common-law couples	5,345	...	...
With children⁶	1,600	...	...
Without children	3,740	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,930	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,780	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,150	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,655	51,980	55,675
Total - Persons in census families	80,235	39,240	40,995
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,440	23,685	23,755
Parents in one-parent families	5,930	1,155	4,780
Children⁶	26,865	14,405	12,460
In a two-parent family	18,245	9,715	8,530
In a one-parent family	8,620	4,690	3,930
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,420	12,740	14,685
Living alone	16,605	6,815	9,795
Living with other relatives⁷	2,895	1,250	1,645
Living with non-relatives only	7,920	4,675	3,245
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,300	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,880	...	...
Couple-family households	21,945	...	...
With children⁶	9,945	...	...
Without children	11,995	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,935	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	850	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,240	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,560	...	...
One-person households	16,605	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,125	44,500	48,620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,950	42,850	47,100
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,800	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,975	42,855	47,115
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,910	37,645	40,265
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,990	31,965	32,030
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,615	31,965	39,645
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,800	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,485	5,975	5,510
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,160	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,820	12,945	12,875
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,020	44,445	48,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,825	42,795	47,030
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	62,700	48,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,855	42,810	47,045
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	49,160	40,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,840	37,440	40,395
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,650	61,450	44,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,875	31,780	32,090
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,850	59,300	44,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,500	31,965	39,535
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,310	11,950	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,620	5,875	5,750
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,990	7,760	8,220
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,570	12,620	12,950
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,060	9,020	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,020	44,445	48,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,995	15,285	14,715
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	72,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,600	92,800	72,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,125	12,320	12,815
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,800	17,000	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	32,120	24,060
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	85.8	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	70.2	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	14.2	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.7	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,125	44,505	48,625
Without total income	3,175	1,655	1,520
With total income	89,955	42,845	47,105
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,940	3,335	3,605
$10,000 to $19,999	10,965	4,895	6,075
$20,000 to $29,999	15,140	6,600	8,540
$30,000 to $39,999	11,860	5,260	6,600
$40,000 to $49,999	10,190	4,345	5,840
$50,000 to $59,999	7,630	3,425	4,205
$60,000 to $69,999	5,915	2,860	3,055
$70,000 to $79,999	4,580	2,310	2,265
$80,000 to $89,999	3,640	1,865	1,770
$90,000 to $99,999	3,070	1,485	1,580
$100,000 and over	10,020	6,450	3,565
$100,000 to $149,999	6,260	3,815	2,450
$150,000 and over	3,755	2,640	1,120
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,125	44,505	48,625
Without after-tax income	3,150	1,645	1,505
With after-tax income	89,975	42,855	47,120
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,370	3,440	3,930
$10,000 to $19,999	11,435	5,165	6,270
$20,000 to $29,999	18,090	7,995	10,100
$30,000 to $39,999	14,065	6,170	7,895
$40,000 to $49,999	11,340	5,000	6,335
$50,000 to $59,999	8,105	3,950	4,155
$60,000 to $69,999	5,755	2,900	2,855
$70,000 to $79,999	4,385	2,165	2,215
$80,000 to $89,999	2,645	1,480	1,165
$90,000 to $99,999	1,700	1,075	620
$100,000 and over	5,080	3,510	1,565
$100,000 to $124,999	2,345	1,575	770
$125,000 and over	2,735	1,940	795
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,125	44,505	48,625
Without employment income	29,135	12,535	16,595
With employment income	63,995	31,965	32,025
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,185	4,755	5,435
$5,000 to $9,999	5,355	2,540	2,815
$10,000 to $19,999	7,645	3,660	3,990
$20,000 to $29,999	5,790	2,770	3,020
$30,000 to $39,999	5,215	2,465	2,750
$40,000 to $49,999	5,200	2,360	2,845
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385	2,020	2,365
$60,000 to $69,999	3,770	1,905	1,865
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	1,630	1,560
$80,000 to $89,999	2,845	1,445	1,400
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	1,190	1,310
$100,000 and over	7,915	5,225	2,690
$100,000 to $124,999	3,255	1,940	1,315
$125,000 and over	4,660	3,285	1,375
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,125	44,500	48,620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,160	41,885	46,275
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,230	41,900	46,330
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,800	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,050	37,185	39,870
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,395	32,050	32,345
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,355	27,505	35,850
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	7,450	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,390	4,775	4,620
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	7,150	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,020	44,445	48,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,095	41,810	46,285
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	62,350	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,145	41,815	46,335
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	48,040	37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,955	36,910	40,045
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	64,100	44,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,400	31,810	32,585
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	61,300	44,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,230	27,480	35,750
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240	8,800	9,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,430	4,695	4,735
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,620	8,510	8,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,020	44,445	48,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,830	15,155	14,675
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	69,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,100	89,700	68,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,575	11,500	12,070
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	23,200	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,960	41,200	29,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	90.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	71.6	74.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)	12.3	9.3	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,295	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,605	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,690	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,260	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,585	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,295	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	595	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,035	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,470	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,130	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,980	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,095	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,060	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,440	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,060	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,495	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,750	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,625	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,510	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,675	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,295	...	...
Under $5,000	485	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,045	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,220	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,715	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,520	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,270	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,490	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,360	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,975	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,615	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,505	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,900	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,340	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,930	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,265	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,845	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,630	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,530	11,490	13,040
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	32,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	29,600	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,980	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,260	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,825	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,455	11,250	13,205
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	44,040	44,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,560	37,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,660	51,980	55,680
0 to 17 years	17,540	9,040	8,495
0 to 5 years	5,410	2,795	2,610
18 to 64 years	70,080	34,165	35,910
65 years and over	20,040	8,770	11,270
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,885	7,290	8,585
0 to 17 years	3,345	1,770	1,580
0 to 5 years	1,150	630	525
18 to 64 years	9,560	4,460	5,100
65 years and over	2,975	1,065	1,910
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8	14.0	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	19.1	19.6	18.6
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3	22.4	20.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	13.1	14.2
65 years and over (%)	14.8	12.1	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,655	51,980	55,675
0 to 17 years	17,540	9,045	8,495
0 to 5 years	5,405	2,795	2,610
18 to 64 years	70,075	34,165	35,910
65 years and over	20,045	8,770	11,270
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,565	3,950	3,610
0 to 17 years	1,155	635	525
0 to 5 years	405	225	185
18 to 64 years	6,055	3,180	2,875
65 years and over	355	140	215
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	7.6	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	7.0	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	8.0	7.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	9.3	8.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,660	51,980	55,680
In bottom half of the distribution	56,700	26,670	30,030
In bottom decile	15,735	7,730	8,005
In second decile	11,745	5,305	6,440
In third decile	10,170	4,630	5,545
In fourth decile	9,670	4,500	5,165
In fifth decile	9,380	4,510	4,870
In top half of the distribution	50,955	25,305	25,645
In sixth decile	9,535	4,605	4,930
In seventh decile	9,550	4,730	4,820
In eighth decile	10,035	4,940	5,095
In ninth decile	10,615	5,315	5,305
In top decile	11,220	5,720	5,500
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,655	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.372	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.490	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.320	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,065	52,270	55,800
English only	97,580	47,860	49,715
French only	45	20	25
English and French	9,910	4,125	5,790
Neither English nor French	530	265	265
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,065	52,270	55,800
English	106,690	51,600	55,090
French	695	340	350
English and French	195	90	105
Neither English nor French	490	240	250
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,065	52,270	55,800
Single responses	106,395	51,385	55,005
Official languages	99,200	47,480	51,715
English	98,560	47,165	51,390
French	645	315	330
Non-official languages	7,195	3,905	3,290
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10
Algonquian languages	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,175	3,890	3,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,530	835	695
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	5
Hausa	5	5	5
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	60	30	30
Bilen	10	5	5
Oromo	30	15	15
Somali	15	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Semitic languages	1,465	805	660
Amharic	25	15	15
Arabic	1,260	705	555
Aramaic languages	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	160	80	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	525	230	295
Bikol	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Cebuano	15	5	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5
Ilocano	15	5	10
Indonesian	15	10	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	190	245
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	55	35	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	5	5	5
Morisyen	35	25	10
Sango	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	250	145	110
Kannada	10	10	5
Malayalam	95	60	35
Tamil	100	50	50
Telugu	45	25	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,155	1,815	1,340
Albanian	40	15	30
Armenian	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	305	165	140
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	295	160	140
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	10
Czech	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	45	30	20
Russian	145	75	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	15
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	15	5	5
Serbian	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5
Ukrainian	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	250	145	105
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	115	60	55
German	110	55	50
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	30
Afrikaans	25	15	10
Dutch	40	25	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	65	45	20
Danish	20	15	10
Icelandic	10	5	5
Norwegian	25	20	10
Swedish	5	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Greek	25	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,890	1,160	730
Indo-Aryan languages	1,480	940	540
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	535	350	185
Gujarati	120	90	35
Hindi	185	120	60
Kacchi	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	5
Nepali	40	20	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	185	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	45	25
Urdu	185	115	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Iranian languages	410	215	190
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	25	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	5
Persian languages	355	190	165
Dari	10	5	10
Iranian Persian	310	165	145
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	615	300	315
Catalan	5	5	0
Italian	40	25	15
Portuguese	140	75	70
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	405	190	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15
Korean	70	25	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	355	190	170
Akan (Twi)	55	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	0
Éwé	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	5	5	0
Ndebele	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	30	10	20
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0
Swahili	60	35	25
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	5
Yoruba	85	50	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10
Dinka	10	5	5
Nuer	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	15
American Sign Language	35	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	965	485	480
Chinese languages	940	470	465
Hakka	5	0	5
Mandarin	700	350	350
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	200	105	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10
Burmese	10	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5
Karenic languages	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	70	40	30
Azerbaijani	5	5	0
Kazakh	5	5	5
Turkish	45	25	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Uralic languages	30	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	25	5	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,670	885	790
English and French	360	170	185
English and non-official language(s)	1,135	615	515
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	45
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,065	52,270	55,800
English	98,930	47,505	51,425
French	175	70	100
Non-official language	1,975	1,055	925
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,975	1,050	920
English and French	960	420	545
English and non-official language(s)	5,570	2,995	2,580
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	140	145
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	60
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,065	52,270	55,800
Single responses	106,625	51,530	55,090
Official languages	102,535	49,360	53,175
English	102,210	49,220	52,995
French	320	145	175
Non-official languages	4,090	2,175	1,920
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,085	2,170	1,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,035	535	505
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25
Bilen	10	5	5
Oromo	20	10	10
Somali	10	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	995	510	480
Amharic	5	0	5
Arabic	865	455	410
Aramaic languages	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	110	50	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	290	130	160
Bikol	5	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	110	145
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	20	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	10	5
Sango	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	125	70	50
Kannada	5	5	0
Malayalam	50	25	20
Tamil	45	25	20
Telugu	20	15	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,670	935	740
Albanian	25	5	15
Armenian	10	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	120	65	60
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	120	60	60
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10
Russian	70	30	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	35	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	15	10
German	25	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	5
Afrikaans	15	10	5
Dutch	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	5
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,170	685	485
Indo-Aryan languages	845	520	330
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	300	190	115
Gujarati	55	50	10
Hindi	85	55	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	35	15	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	120	85
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	15
Urdu	110	70	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	320	165	155
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	20	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	275	140	135
Dari	10	0	10
Iranian Persian	240	120	125
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	135	150
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5
Portuguese	70	35	40
Romanian	10	5	0
Spanish	200	95	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	45	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	50
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	40	30	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	10	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	25
American Sign Language	55	35	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	615	315	300
Chinese languages	600	310	295
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	475	245	230
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5
Burmese	5	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5
Karenic languages	5	5	0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	5	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,440	740	700
English and French	145	75	75
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	640	610
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,070	52,270	55,795
None	102,290	49,250	53,040
English	1,805	945	865
French	765	325	440
Non-official language	2,365	1,280	1,090
Indigenous³⁹	30	20	15
Non-Indigenous	2,340	1,265	1,080
English and French	35	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	270	145	120
French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	375	230	145
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,655	51,940	55,720
Official languages	107,115	51,645	55,470
English	107,060	51,615	55,450
French	9,940	4,300	5,645
Non-official languages	11,645	6,110	5,535
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	50
Algonquian languages	25	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	10
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	15	40
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	15	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,575	6,080	5,495
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,215	880
Berber languages	25	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	25	0	15
Hausa	20	0	15
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Semitic languages	2,045	1,185	860
Amharic	40	20	20
Arabic	1,745	1,015	730
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	40	30
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	230	135	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	80	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	130	75	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	805	355	450
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	15	0
Cebuano	55	30	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	0
Ilocano	30	20	15
Indonesian	45	20	30
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	60	20	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	635	280	360
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10
Creole languages	180	75	105
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	60	45	15
Sango	40	15	25
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30
Dravidian languages	405	205	200
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	170	85	85
Tamil	225	105	120
Telugu	75	45	25
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,790	3,120	2,670
Albanian	60	25	25
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	625	350	275
Baltic languages	10	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	620	350	270
Belarusian	10	0	10
Bulgarian	40	25	20
Czech	35	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	25	15
Russian	365	200	160
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	135	80	55
Bosnian	45	30	10
Croatian	40	20	25
Serbian	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	20	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	15	40
Irish	35	0	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	845	430	415
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	580	295	285
German	575	285	285
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	60	75
Afrikaans	20	0	15
Dutch	110	50	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	185	120	65
Danish	80	55	25
Icelandic	20	20	0
Norwegian	80	60	20
Swedish	40	25	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Greek	25	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,750	1,630	1,115
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	1,390	865
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	770	485	285
Gujarati	240	200	35
Hindi	1,070	745	325
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	15	10	0
Nepali	15	0	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	590	355	230
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	15	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	50	30
Urdu	370	205	170
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20
Iranian languages	500	245	260
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	70	45	30
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	455	220	240
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	405	205	200
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	810	930
Catalan	30	15	15
Italian	295	150	145
Portuguese	230	110	120
Romanian	85	45	35
Spanish	1,235	550	685
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	125	55	65
Korean	125	60	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	975	525	450
Akan (Twi)	125	75	50
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	15	15	0
Éwé	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	15	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	170	90	80
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10
Lingala	35	20	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	20	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	190	115	75
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	0	20
Swahili	125	50	75
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	240	130	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	50	55
Dinka	65	25	40
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15
African, n.o.s.	35	30	0
Sign languages	295	110	185
American Sign Language	285	105	180
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,140	605	535
Chinese languages	1,100	585	515
Hakka	10	0	0
Mandarin	905	490	415
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	125	130
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20
Burmese	30	10	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	35	10	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	145	70	75
Azerbaijani	45	20	25
Kazakh	25	10	20
Turkish	80	40	40
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	15	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10
Hungarian	15	0	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,660	51,935	55,720
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,585	1,655	1,930
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,350	1,535	1,815
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,225	1,000	1,225
Métis	570	265	305
Inuk (Inuit)	560	275	290
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	20	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	95	85
Non-Indigenous identity	104,075	50,290	53,790
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,660	51,935	55,720
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,335	610	725
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,320	51,325	54,995
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,255	...	...
Owner	29,920	...	...
Renter	19,335	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,255	...	...
Condominium	3,130	...	...
Not condominium	46,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,255	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...
1 bedroom	5,200	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,175	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,110	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,255	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,735	...	...
5 rooms	7,145	...	...
6 rooms	7,645	...	...
7 rooms	6,220	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,510	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,255	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,865	...	...
More than one person per room	395	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,255	...	...
Suitable	48,030	...	...
Not suitable	1,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,255	...	...
1960 or before	10,920	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,875	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,195	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,055	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,050	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,565	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,715	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,880	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,255	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,810	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,450	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,255	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,540	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,825	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,895	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,255	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,390	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,675	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,295	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,095	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,455	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,670	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,335	...	...
85 years and over	1,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,075	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,305	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,770	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,695	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,255	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,645	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,055	...	...
Not suitable only	1,005	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,810	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	555	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,610	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,000	...	...
In core need	5,435	...	...
Not in core need	42,565	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,900	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,414	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	306,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	343,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,340	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	988	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,655	51,935	55,720
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,610	725	885
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,570	705	865
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,075	450	620
Métis single ancestry	150	75	75
Inuit single ancestry	350	180	170
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,810	1,780	2,030
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,725	1,745	1,980
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,975	1,385	1,590
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	355	165	195
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395	200	200
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	40	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,235	49,425	52,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,655	51,940	55,720
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,150	47,865	52,285
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,560	8,545	8,015
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,585	39,320	44,270
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,510	4,075	3,435
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,655	51,940	55,720
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,020	45,795	50,220
Immigrants⁸¹	7,510	3,805	3,705
Before 1980	1,205	570	630
1980 to 1990	385	245	140
1991 to 2000	555	285	265
2001 to 2010	1,360	700	655
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,015	2,000	2,010
2011 to 2015	1,330	680	655
2016 to 2021	2,680	1,325	1,360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,125	2,330	1,795
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,510	3,805	3,705
Under 5 years	835	445	395
5 to 14 years	1,460	720	740
15 to 24 years	1,060	550	510
25 to 44 years	3,590	1,805	1,790
45 years and over	565	295	270
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,510	3,805	3,705
Americas	985	450	535
Brazil	35	15	20
Colombia	105	45	65
El Salvador	15	0	10
Guyana	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	90	40	50
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	0
United States of America	505	255	250
Other places of birth in Americas	175	65	110
Europe	1,795	990	805
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	10
Croatia	25	15	10
France	125	60	60
Germany	95	65	35
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Italy	30	15	15
Netherlands	40	25	15
Poland	25	15	10
Portugal	15	0	15
Romania	55	30	25
Russian Federation	100	50	50
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Ukraine	45	25	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	805	445	360
Other places of birth in Europe	375	215	160
Africa	1,380	720	655
Algeria	30	15	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	35
Egypt	105	70	35
Eritrea	155	95	60
Ethiopia	75	40	35
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	315	160	155
Somalia	15	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	25	40
Other places of birth in Africa	540	265	275
Asia	3,300	1,630	1,675
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	95	55	45
Iraq	110	50	60
Lebanon	65	35	30
Syria⁸⁹	450	220	225
Turkey	20	10	10
China⁹⁰	415	195	225
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	35	35
Korea, South⁹²	50	15	40
Taiwan	35	15	25
Philippines	625	265	360
Viet Nam	70	35	40
Bangladesh	195	115	80
India	480	280	205
Pakistan	150	55	95
Sri Lanka	40	15	20
Other places of birth in Asia	405	225	180
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	15	40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,680	1,320	1,360
Americas	210	95	110
Brazil	20	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	70	35	35
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	75	40	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	20
Europe	190	100	90
France	30	15	15
Germany	15	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10
Italy	10	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	15
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	35	10
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	30
Africa	725	370	350
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	25	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10
Eritrea	100	60	45
Ethiopia	20	0	15
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	225	120	100
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0
Sudan⁹⁷	65	35	30
Tunisia	35	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	180	85	95
Asia	1,550	745	805
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	70	35	30
China⁹⁰	140	60	80
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	200	135	65
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15
Iraq	50	15	30
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	20	15	10
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15
Lebanon	55	30	20
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	80	30	45
Philippines	350	135	215
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185
Turkey	15	10	0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	20
Viet Nam	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	40
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,660	51,940	55,720
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,445	6,545	5,905
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,000	3,550	3,445
Third generation or more¹⁰²	88,220	41,840	46,370
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,305	3,230	3,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,555	1,855	1,695
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,665	1,040	625
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,885	815	1,070
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,110	530	575
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,610	825	785
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,305	3,230	3,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	140	80	60
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,125	565	555
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	310	195	115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	840	475	365
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,860	1,900	1,960
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,660	51,935	55,720
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,915	5,840	5,075
South Asian	2,985	1,740	1,245
Chinese	1,410	745	660
Black	2,510	1,325	1,175
Filipino	840	385	455
Arab	1,410	825	585
Latin American	515	250	270
Southeast Asian	300	135	165
West Asian	485	240	245
Korean	110	50	60
Japanese	30	10	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	45	50
Multiple visible minorities	235	95	140
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,745	46,095	50,640
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,655	51,940	55,715
Canadian	19,935	9,480	10,460
English	39,365	18,575	20,785
Irish	36,600	17,325	19,275
Scottish	9,100	4,300	4,790
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,075	2,305	2,770
German	2,200	1,060	1,135
Chinese	1,445	740	705
Italian	825	410	415
Indian (India)	1,630	930	695
Ukrainian	680	380	305
Dutch	550	310	235
Polish	550	295	255
Québécois	70	25	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,995	1,830	2,160
Filipino	830	385	445
French Canadian	200	80	120
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,335	2,470	2,865
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	965	480	490
Métis	590	270	320
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,210	1,100	1,115
Russian	385	225	165
Norwegian	495	280	220
Welsh	2,005	1,080	920
Portuguese	465	210	255
American	715	295	415
Spanish	500	250	245
Swedish	290	135	160
Hungarian	130	65	70
Acadian	320	165	160
Pakistani	195	100	95
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	505	250	255
Jewish	315	190	125
Punjabi	125	40	85
Vietnamese	115	65	55
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	665	370	300
Greek	145	75	70
Jamaican	115	50	65
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	270	135	135
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	20	40
Korean	105	50	55
Romanian	155	55	100
Lebanese	365	175	190
Iranian	395	190	200
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	345	185	155
Danish	255	140	115
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	385	160	230
Sikh	70	30	40
Austrian	110	55	55
Belgian	65	15	45
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	70	40	30
Mexican	40	15	25
Mennonite	10	10	0
Swiss	70	35	35
Finnish	55	30	30
Sri Lankan	75	35	35
Croatian	30	20	10
Japanese	70	35	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	65	55
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,980	885	1,100
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	220	180
Muslim	250	130	120
Egyptian	225	150	80
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25
Tamil	60	30	25
Icelandic	75	45	30
Colombian	105	45	60
Moroccan	35	20	15
Czech	120	65	60
Syrian	240	145	95
Guyanese	20	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110	65	40
Serbian	40	20	20
Ojibway	40	20	20
Newfoundlander	6,175	2,920	3,255
Hong Konger	15	0	10
Ontarian	60	20	40
Persian	85	45	40
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	25
Turkish	65	35	30
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	725	375	350
Bangladeshi	500	300	195
Algerian	25	10	15
Brazilian	115	70	45
Nigerian	350	180	175
Armenian	25	10	15
Slovak	15	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	35	40
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	25	0
Iraqi	65	35	30
Salvadorean	15	0	10
African Caribbean	15	0	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	40	45
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	160	85	70
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0
Algonquin	20	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	40	10
Lithuanian	25	10	15
South African	120	95	20
Australian	105	30	70
Palestinian	115	75	45
Chilean	55	30	20
Congolese	100	30	70
Nova Scotian	120	55	65
Ethiopian	25	10	15
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15
Peruvian	35	15	20
Yoruba	235	125	110
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	75	30	45
Maltese	50	30	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220	90	135
New Brunswicker	40	20	20
Gujarati	25	25	0
Eritrean	180	105	80
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	15	10	0
Mohawk	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	65	30	35
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	75	55	30
Barbadian	45	15	30
African American	80	60	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	15
Tunisian	70	35	35
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	20	15
Cuban	100	50	50
Bosnian	60	35	25
Venezuelan	45	25	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	135	50	85
Latvian	35	30	10
Bengali	120	100	20
Cameroonian	15	0	15
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	10	15
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0
Northern Irish	55	15	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	95	50
British Columbian	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10
Argentinian	15	10	10
Estonian	10	10	0
Kurdish	25	20	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	45	35	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	135	70	65
Coptic	25	20	0
Thai	35	0	25
Dominican	15	15	0
Nepali	10	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	125	70	55
Byelorussian	20	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	110	65	45
Breton	10	10	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	40	20	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	15	0	10
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	40	30	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	15
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	40	25	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	40	25	10
Kenyan	25	20	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	65	40	25
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	55	30	25
Rwandan	15	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	50	30	25
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	50	30	15
Mayan	25	10	15
Honduran	10	0	10
Cherokee	45	10	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	420	220	200
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	10	15
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	20	0	10
Goan	15	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	95	60	35
Burmese	30	0	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	25	15	10
Yemeni	30	15	10
Central African	30	10	20
Libyan	85	60	30
Basque	45	25	20
Uruguayan	10	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	40	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	10
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	10	10	0
Telugu	30	15	15
Roma	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	10	0	10
Edo	10	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,660	51,935	55,720
Buddhist	285	145	140
Christian	75,965	35,200	40,760
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,990	1,965	2,020
Anabaptist	20	0	15
Anglican	13,515	6,070	7,450
Baptist	355	170	185
Catholic	41,450	19,330	22,120
Christian Orthodox	435	250	185
Jehovah's Witness	165	80	90
Latter Day Saints	45	15	35
Lutheran	70	45	30
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,515	1,215	1,295
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,180	930	1,250
Presbyterian	575	275	305
Reformed	10	0	0
United Church	9,635	4,375	5,265
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	990	465	525
Hindu	890	535	360
Jewish	175	80	95
Muslim	3,215	1,720	1,495
Sikh	475	270	200
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	190	280
No religion and secular perspectives	26,170	13,800	12,370
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,800	51,500	55,300
Non-movers	92,120	44,370	47,750
Movers	14,680	7,130	7,550
Non-migrants	10,100	4,870	5,230
Migrants	4,575	2,260	2,320
Internal migrants	3,830	1,850	1,980
Intraprovincial migrants	2,275	1,090	1,185
Interprovincial migrants	1,550	760	795
External migrants	745	410	335
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,220	49,630	53,595
Non-movers	63,755	30,225	33,530
Movers	39,465	19,405	20,060
Non-migrants	19,530	9,660	9,870
Migrants	19,935	9,750	10,190
Internal migrants	14,640	6,940	7,700
Intraprovincial migrants	10,215	4,720	5,500
Interprovincial migrants	4,420	2,220	2,200
External migrants	5,300	2,810	2,490
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,020	44,445	48,575
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,025	6,125	5,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,995	38,320	42,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,335	28,475	30,860
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,950	2,740	2,210
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,385	25,740	28,650
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,015	44,445	48,570
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,195	5,615	5,580
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,660	12,530	12,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,160	26,300	30,860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,665	12,700	14,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,820	3,875	1,945
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,250	1,715	1,535
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,570	2,155	415
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,385	7,875	11,510
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,460	950	1,510
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,495	13,600	15,895
Bachelor's degree	17,775	7,995	9,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,360	680	680
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	970	480	490
Master's degree	7,665	3,350	4,315
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,730	1,090	635
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,340	28,475	30,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,360	2,360	2,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,225	6,560	5,670
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,750	19,555	23,195
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,080	9,355	10,725
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,235	2,890	1,350
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,345	1,290	1,055
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,890	1,595	290
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,330	5,865	8,465
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,510	605	910
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,670	10,205	12,470
Bachelor's degree	13,415	6,060	7,360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,055	475	575
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	360	440
Master's degree	6,145	2,570	3,575
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,260	740	515
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,020	44,445	48,575
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,860	18,150	17,710
Education	4,700	1,340	3,360
13. Education	4,700	1,340	3,360
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555	695	860
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	135	35
50. Visual and performing arts	1,390	560	830
Humanities	3,165	1,350	1,810
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	70	200
23. English language and literature/letters	930	355	575
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	705	280	425
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	150	75	80
38. Philosophy and religious studies	310	170	140
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	165	95
54. History	325	200	125
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	220	40	180
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,785	2,005	3,785
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	20	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	180	230
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	865	80	785
22. Legal professions and studies	950	405	545
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	50
42. Psychology	1,145	275	870
45. Social sciences	2,195	1,025	1,170
Business, management and public administration	13,115	4,530	8,585
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	905	185	720
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,185	4,345	7,845
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,745	1,400	1,345
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,255	515	740
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	200	210
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	20	60
40. Physical sciences	945	650	295
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,895	1,810	1,080
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,285	1,540	745
25. Library science	210	20	185
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	210	150
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	40	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,395	9,040	1,350
04. Architecture and related services	180	125	55
14. Engineering	3,275	2,600	675
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,775	2,315	455
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,060	1,995	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,370	1,335	40
48. Precision production	730	675	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	385	425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	415	135	280
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	250	150
Health and related fields	8,750	1,855	6,895
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	555	230	330
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,810	1,415	6,390
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	370	205	165
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,240	1,890	1,355
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,695	585	1,110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	520	375	145
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,015	925	100
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,335	28,475	30,860
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,590	8,920	7,670
Education	2,820	735	2,085
13. Education	2,820	735	2,085
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,270	570	700
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	25
50. Visual and performing arts	1,150	475	675
Humanities	2,245	950	1,290
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	60	120
23. English language and literature/letters	660	245	415
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	515	195	315
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	110	50	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255	130	130
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	75	35
54. History	260	175	85
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	20	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,555	1,465	3,100
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	20	125
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	145	190
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710	60	645
22. Legal professions and studies	765	270	490
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	50
42. Psychology	870	195	675
45. Social sciences	1,685	760	930
Business, management and public administration	9,895	3,400	6,500
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	115	550
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,220	3,285	5,940
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,015	1,025	990
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	915	370	545
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	130	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	20	35
40. Physical sciences	735	490	245
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,480	1,550	930
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,020	1,360	660
25. Library science	170	20	155
27. Mathematics and statistics	260	145	115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	30	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,870	6,685	1,185
04. Architecture and related services	135	95	45
14. Engineering	2,620	2,000	615
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,705	395
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	1,605	1,545	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	870	845	20
48. Precision production	535	485	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	635	285	350
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	90	210
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	195	140
Health and related fields	6,360	1,375	4,975
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	425	180	245
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,620	1,035	4,585
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	165	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,605	1,525	1,085
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,380	480	900
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	405	300	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	825	740	85
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,335	28,475	30,860
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,590	8,920	7,670
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,750	19,555	23,195
Location of study inside Canada	38,925	17,750	21,180
Same as province or territory of residence	32,065	14,600	17,465
Different than province or territory of residence	6,865	3,150	3,715
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,825	1,810	2,015
Americas	805	355	445
United States of America	540	260	280
Mexico	15	0	15
Cuba	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	55	30	25
Brazil	65	30	45
Colombia	15	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15
Other locations of study in Americas	80	35	55
Europe	975	545	430
Belgium	20	15	10
France	70	35	35
Germany	65	40	25
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10
Romania	15	15	0
Russian Federation	50	20	25
Ukraine	15	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	100	50	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	295	190
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	30	20	10
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Europe	90	50	40
Africa	475	225	250
Nigeria	170	55	115
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	15
Tunisia	25	15	10
Egypt	65	35	35
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	170	95	75
Asia	1,505	650	855
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	120
Iraq	35	15	20
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20
Turkey	25	0	20
China⁹⁰	165	75	85
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Japan	25	10	15
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	30
Philippines	370	150	225
Viet Nam	35	15	20
Bangladesh	110	50	60
Sri Lanka	30	20	10
India	305	150	150
Pakistan	45	10	30
Other locations of study in Asia	65	30	35
Oceania	70	35	40
Australia	65	35	30
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,015	44,445	48,570
In the labour force	57,385	28,940	28,435
Employed	50,760	25,095	25,665
Unemployed	6,620	3,845	2,775
Not in the labour force	35,640	15,505	20,135
Participation rate	61.7	65.1	58.5
Employment rate	54.6	56.5	52.8
Unemployment rate	11.5	13.3	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,020	44,445	48,575
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,830	15,780	20,055
Worked	57,190	28,665	28,520
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,560	15,580	14,980
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,630	13,085	13,540
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	40.6	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,380	28,945	28,440
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	885	710
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,790	28,060	27,735
Employee	50,395	24,825	25,570
Permanent position	38,155	18,785	19,375
Temporary position	12,240	6,045	6,200
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,045	1,755	2,290
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,195	4,285	3,905
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,395	3,235	2,160
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,380	28,945	28,440
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	885	710
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,790	28,060	27,735
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	690	500	190
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,300	3,085	6,215
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,340	4,055	1,285
3 Health occupations	5,385	1,345	4,035
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,440	3,020	5,420
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,070	910	1,165
6 Sales and service occupations	16,410	7,840	8,565
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,460	5,900	560
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	755	655	95
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	945	745	200
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,380	28,945	28,440
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	885	710
All industries¹⁹¹	55,790	28,060	27,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	350	105
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,210	945	270
22 Utilities	635	430	210
23 Construction	2,785	2,465	315
31-33 Manufacturing	1,470	1,120	355
41 Wholesale trade	1,110	840	265
44-45 Retail trade	7,130	3,410	3,720
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,165	1,650	515
51 Information and cultural industries	1,255	670	580
52 Finance and insurance	1,590	705	880
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	425	310
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,610	2,730	1,880
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	45	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,310	1,475	840
61 Educational services	5,210	1,965	3,240
62 Health care and social assistance	8,895	2,195	6,705
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,290	590	705
72 Accommodation and food services	4,640	2,365	2,275
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,195	940	1,255
91 Public administration	6,020	2,760	3,260
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,115	30,670	30,445
English	59,685	30,085	29,595
French	160	50	110
Non-official language	50	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25
English and French	930	360	570
English and non-official language(s)	250	125	130
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,115	30,670	30,445
Single responses	60,925	30,585	30,345
Official languages	60,845	30,550	30,295
English	60,480	30,455	30,020
French	370	95	270
Non-official languages	80	30	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	30	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	10	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10
German	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	190	90	100
English and French	135	60	75
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,115	30,670	30,445
None	60,085	30,250	29,835
English	230	50	180
French	590	260	330
Non-official language	155	65	90
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	150	65	80
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,760	25,095	25,670
Worked at home	10,140	4,765	5,370
Worked outside Canada	125	95	30
No fixed workplace address	5,380	3,630	1,750
Usual place of work	35,120	16,600	18,515
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,120	16,600	18,515
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,735	13,535	16,205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,775	2,640	2,130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	350	245	100
Commute to a different province or territory	260	185	80
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,495	20,235	20,265
Car, truck or van	34,195	16,865	17,335
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,105	15,325	14,775
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,090	1,535	2,560
Public transit	2,170	1,065	1,105
Walked	2,830	1,465	1,365
Bicycle	100	75	30
Other method	1,195	775	425
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,495	20,235	20,265
Less than 15 minutes	21,255	10,080	11,175
15 to 29 minutes	15,435	7,915	7,515
30 to 44 minutes	2,315	1,320	995
45 to 59 minutes	505	240	265
60 minutes and over	985	675	315
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,495	20,235	20,265
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,015	740	270
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,555	2,240	1,315
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,565	6,035	5,530
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,500	5,685	6,810
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,860	2,520	3,345
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,005	3,010	2,990
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,940	9,235	8,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	830	405	430
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,105	8,830	8,275
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,165	6,750	6,410
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	600	285	310
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	155	185
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	255	130	125
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,560	6,460	6,100

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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