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Low-income statistics by age groups, Income Highlight Tables, 2016 Census

Population in private households for income status, number of persons in low income, prevalence of low income based on the low-income concept - Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT), by age groups (total - age groups), Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 Census – 100% Data

Data table

Population in private households for income status, number of persons in low income, prevalence of low income based on the low-income concept - Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT), by age groups (total - age groups), Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 Census – 100% Data
Geographic name^{Footnote 2}	Type	Prov.	Population in private households for income status^{Footnote 3}	Number of persons in low income	Prevalence of low income (%)

Canada			33,968,295	4,809,940	14.2
Toronto	C	Ont.	2,691,665	543,390	20.2
Montréal	V	Que.	1,663,235	377,955	22.7
Calgary	CY	Alta.	1,222,325	113,505	9.3
Ottawa	CV	Ont.	916,860	115,180	12.6
Edmonton	CY	Alta.	913,580	99,735	10.9
Mississauga	CY	Ont.	715,475	105,250	14.7
Winnipeg	CY	Man.	690,005	109,540	15.9
Vancouver	CY	B.C.	618,210	116,050	18.8
Brampton	CY	Ont.	590,945	66,960	11.3
Hamilton	C	Ont.	527,930	80,915	15.3
Québec	V	Que.	516,265	63,530	12.3
Surrey	CY	B.C.	511,540	75,645	14.8
Laval	V	Que.	410,850	46,470	11.3
Halifax	RGM	N.S.	397,370	58,825	14.8
London	CY	Ont.	378,040	71,030	18.8
Markham	CY	Ont.	327,400	49,485	15.1
Vaughan	CY	Ont.	304,145	26,780	8.8
Gatineau	V	Que.	271,850	35,245	13.0
Saskatoon	CY	Sask.	241,415	30,950	12.8
Longueuil	V	Que.	234,955	34,705	14.8
Burnaby	CY	B.C.	230,080	47,315	20.6
Kitchener	CY	Ont.	230,000	31,450	13.7
Windsor	CY	Ont.	214,020	49,800	23.3
Regina	CY	Sask.	211,780	24,940	11.8
Richmond	CY	B.C.	196,665	44,000	22.4

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Note(s):

Footnote 1

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

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Footnote 2

Low-income concepts do not apply to certain geographic areas, i.e., geographic areas within territories and/or census subdivision types associated with 'on reserve' population.

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Footnote 3

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

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