Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Census metropolitan area], Manitoba

Population

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex and age groups.
Characteristic	Winnipeg Manitoba [Census metropolitan area]
	Data quality , Winnipeg [Census metropolitan area], Manitoba Map : Winnipeg [Census metropolitan area], Manitoba Related data - Winnipeg
	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	761,540	92,805	91,145	38,700	52,130	320	1,280	380	668,730
Average age	39.2	30.4	30.4	26.9	33.0	29.5	27.1	40.1	40.4
Median age	38.5	27.1	27.2	22.9	30.7	23.5	20.5	41.0	40.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	629,380	66,580	65,460	25,270	39,960	220	790	335	562,795
Married or living common law	354,635	27,345	26,930	8,345	18,510	75	285	125	327,290
Married	300,850	18,125	17,850	4,730	13,065	45	190	85	282,730
Living common law	53,785	9,215	9,085	3,605	5,450	25	95	40	44,560
Not married and not living common law	274,745	39,240	38,525	16,935	21,445	145	505	210	235,505
Never married	192,615	30,680	30,150	13,750	16,275	125	390	140	161,940
Separated	15,655	2,185	2,160	970	1,190	0	10	15	13,465
Divorced	36,460	4,395	4,315	1,520	2,785	10	55	20	32,070
Widowed	30,010	1,980	1,900	690	1,195	10	50	30	28,035
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	761,540	92,810	91,150	38,700	52,130	315	1,280	380	668,730
Married spouses and common-law partners	348,515	27,060	26,645	8,215	18,360	75	290	125	321,455
Married spouses	294,730	17,840	17,565	4,605	12,915	50	190	85	276,890
Common-law partners	53,780	9,220	9,085	3,610	5,450	30	95	40	44,565
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	36,840	8,745	8,635	4,860	3,750	20	90	25	28,095
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	235,715	38,835	38,110	17,350	20,605	150	585	140	196,885
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	161,280	16,375	16,035	4,980	11,010	45	285	60	144,905
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	155,605	14,830	14,545	4,100	10,400	45	220	55	140,775
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	5,675	1,545	1,490	875	610	0	60	0	4,130
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	15,730	3,725	3,675	1,635	2,025	20	30	10	12,005
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	8,420	1,755	1,750	555	1,190	10	0	0	6,660
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	7,310	1,970	1,925	1,085	830	0	30	10	5,340
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	56,385	17,610	17,295	9,990	7,215	85	245	65	38,780
With a male lone parent	11,025	2,975	2,910	1,465	1,435	10	45	20	8,045
With a female lone parent	45,360	14,630	14,385	8,530	5,785	75	205	40	30,730
Living with grandparents without parents present	2,325	1,125	1,095	740	355	0	20	0	1,195
With two grandparents without parents present	925	480	455	260	200	0	20	0	450
With one grandparent without parents present	1,395	645	645	485	155	0	10	0	750
Persons not in census families	140,470	18,170	17,760	8,270	9,415	75	320	95	122,300
Living with other relatives	19,920	2,935	2,895	1,765	1,120	10	30	10	16,980
Foster children	3,380	2,600	2,495	1,880	595	15	110	0	775
Living with non-relatives only or alone	117,170	12,635	12,370	4,630	7,700	45	175	85	104,540
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	761,540	92,810	91,145	38,700	52,130	320	1,280	385	668,730
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	36,815	36,815	35,820	33,145	2,660	15	655	335	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	724,725	55,995	55,330	5,550	49,470	305	620	40	668,730
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	761,540	92,810	91,145	38,700	52,130	315	1,280	380	668,735
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	29,895	29,510	29,130	20,620	8,440	70	345	35	380
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	28,740	28,365	28,170	19,960	8,145	65	165	35	375
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	20,125	20,020	19,970	19,645	320	0	20	30	105
Métis single ancestry	8,545	8,280	8,135	305	7,820	10	145	0	270
Inuit single ancestry	70	65	70	10	10	50	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	1,155	1,145	965	660	295	10	180	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,115	1,110	945	655	290	0	155	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	25	10	0	0	10	20	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	10	0	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	65,515	52,035	51,110	13,680	37,215	205	855	75	13,475
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	61,735	48,485	47,900	12,715	35,005	180	520	65	13,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,045	16,290	16,040	12,155	3,875	0	200	50	4,755
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,425	32,005	31,675	555	31,115	0	320	10	8,425
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	265	195	190	0	15	175	0	0	70
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	3,780	3,550	3,205	970	2,210	30	330	10	230
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,625	3,410	3,110	940	2,170	0	290	10	215
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	65	60	30	0	20	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	70	40	0	30	10	25	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	666,130	11,260	10,910	4,400	6,475	35	75	275	654,870
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	761,540	92,810	91,145	38,700	52,130	315	1,280	380	668,730
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	95,410	81,545	80,240	34,300	45,655	280	1,200	110	13,860
First Nations ancestry	46,015	40,925	40,125	33,430	6,665	35	710	95	5,085
Abenaki	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	190	150	140	75	65	0	15	0	35
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	695	685	675	580	100	0	10	0	10
Apache	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	45	40	35	30	10	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver (Dunne-za)	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	250	195	200	135	65	0	0	0	50
Blood (Kainai)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	130	25	15	10	10	0	10	0	105
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	60	65	65	45	15	0	0	0	0
Cowichan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree	16,570	15,280	14,965	10,945	4,005	20	295	20	1,290
Dakota	460	460	445	425	15	0	15	0	10
Delaware (Lenape)	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Dene Tha (Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	210	210	195	195	0	0	10	10	0
Gitxsan	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	15	15	10	10	0	0	10	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	50	40	20	0	20	0	10	0	10
Innu/Montagnais	40	25	20	10	10	0	0	0	15
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	90	35	35	15	20	0	0	0	55
Kaska	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lakota	50	45	45	30	15	0	0	0	10
Maliseet	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	840	480	470	230	240	0	10	0	355
Mohawk	235	195	195	150	40	0	0	0	40
Musqueam	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Navajo	25	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuxalk	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	11,840	11,565	11,330	10,190	1,135	0	230	0	275
Oji-Cree	1,125	1,110	1,100	1,015	85	0	10	0	10
Okanagan (Syilx)	20	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Potawatomi	15	10	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	75	45	45	40	0	0	0	0	35
Saulteaux	1,510	1,475	1,435	1,225	215	0	30	0	35
Sechelt (Shishalh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	405	360	360	325	35	0	0	0	50
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	35	35	35	10	30	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	30	25	30	25	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wet'suwet'en	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	16,145	13,435	13,180	12,100	1,080	10	205	50	2,710
Métis ancestry	53,825	44,895	43,915	2,460	41,430	25	955	20	8,930
Inuit ancestry	520	435	365	40	60	265	65	0	85
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	731,650	63,295	62,015	18,080	43,695	240	935	350	668,350
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	761,540	92,810	91,150	38,700	52,130	315	1,280	380	668,735
English only	670,430	80,930	79,420	37,330	41,810	280	1,160	350	589,500
French only	1,000	120	120	0	115	0	0	0	880
English and French	78,850	11,670	11,520	1,305	10,175	35	115	30	67,180
Neither English nor French	11,255	85	85	60	30	0	0	0	11,170
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	761,540	92,810	91,145	38,700	52,135	320	1,280	380	668,735
English	721,870	87,890	86,280	38,490	47,485	310	1,240	370	633,970
French	25,795	4,765	4,720	135	4,580	10	30	15	21,025
English and French	2,915	100	95	30	60	0	0	0	2,810
Neither English nor French	10,960	45	40	40	10	0	0	0	10,920
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	27,255	4,820	4,770	155	4,610	10	35	15	22,430
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	3.6	5.2	5.2	0.4	8.8	3.1	2.7	3.9	3.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	761,540	92,810	91,145	38,700	52,135	315	1,280	380	668,730
Official languages	575,865	89,175	87,555	35,320	51,955	285	1,250	375	486,690
English	548,930	83,825	82,250	35,155	46,815	270	1,210	360	465,110
French	30,315	6,045	5,970	235	5,725	10	60	10	24,270
Non-official languages	205,475	4,650	4,560	4,190	325	45	75	10	200,825
Aboriginal languages	4,400	4,355	4,285	4,015	220	45	55	10	45
Algonquian languages	4,175	4,140	4,075	3,910	170	0	55	10	35
Blackfoot	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,280	1,265	1,230	1,195	40	0	35	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	25	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	60	55	55	55	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	360	365	355	355	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	30	30	25	30	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	795	785	760	725	35	0	25	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,875	2,850	2,825	2,690	125	0	20	10	25
Algonquin	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,925	1,905	1,880	1,755	125	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	950	940	940	935	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	75	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	75	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	75	75	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	45	45	0	0	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	35	35	0	0	35	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	50	45	0	50	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	20	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	25	20	25	20	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	201,070	295	275	175	100	0	20	0	200,780
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	761,540	92,810	91,150	38,695	52,130	320	1,275	385	668,730
Official languages	710,445	92,260	90,595	38,200	52,075	315	1,280	385	618,185
English	705,525	91,700	90,045	38,180	51,550	315	1,275	385	613,825
French	28,565	4,825	4,750	400	4,345	0	65	10	23,745
Non-official languages	187,130	4,890	4,775	4,225	515	30	95	20	182,235
Aboriginal languages	4,370	4,300	4,220	3,990	195	30	70	15	70
Algonquian languages	4,195	4,130	4,060	3,895	160	0	65	10	60
Blackfoot	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,350	1,340	1,300	1,270	25	0	35	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	25	25	30	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	70	70	70	70	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	370	370	355	355	10	0	15	0	0
Woods Cree	30	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	840	830	805	785	25	0	20	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,860	2,805	2,770	2,635	135	0	30	10	55
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,930	1,885	1,845	1,720	125	0	30	0	50
Oji-Cree	930	920	925	915	10	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	60	60	60	60	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	60	60	60	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	60	60	60	60	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	30	30	30	0	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	20	25	0	0	25	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	40	45	35	0	30	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	30	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	30	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	182,760	585	560	240	320	0	20	0	182,175
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	761,540	92,810	91,150	38,700	52,130	320	1,280	385	668,730
Official languages	750,285	92,725	91,060	38,640	52,105	315	1,280	380	657,560
English	749,285	92,605	90,940	38,635	51,990	315	1,280	380	656,680
French	79,850	11,790	11,640	1,310	10,290	35	115	35	68,060
Non-official languages	230,480	7,115	6,955	5,635	1,275	50	125	30	223,370
Aboriginal languages	5,805	5,710	5,615	5,255	305	50	85	15	100
Algonquian languages	5,555	5,480	5,395	5,135	260	0	80	10	75
Blackfoot	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,915	1,900	1,850	1,775	75	0	45	0	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	105	105	105	95	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	500	500	485	485	10	0	15	0	0
Woods Cree	55	50	50	50	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	1,220	1,205	1,175	1,105	65	0	30	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,800	3,735	3,690	3,495	195	0	35	10	65
Algonquin	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	2,695	2,635	2,590	2,405	180	0	40	10	55
Oji-Cree	1,100	1,095	1,095	1,080	10	0	0	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	75	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	80	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	75	75	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	55	50	50	0	0	50	0	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	10	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	30	35	0	0	35	0	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	65	65	55	0	60	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	224,740	1,440	1,380	405	970	0	40	20	223,300
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	753,255	91,140	89,520	37,885	51,320	315	1,235	380	662,115
Non-movers	647,130	72,465	71,230	27,980	43,000	250	885	345	574,670
Movers	106,125	18,680	18,290	9,900	8,320	70	355	35	87,450
Non-migrants	77,295	14,945	14,635	7,730	6,880	30	285	25	62,345
Migrants	28,830	3,735	3,655	2,175	1,445	40	70	10	25,095
Internal migrants	16,635	3,670	3,595	2,155	1,405	35	65	10	12,965
Intraprovincial migrants	9,965	2,950	2,890	1,760	1,120	10	50	0	7,015
Interprovincial migrants	6,665	715	700	395	285	25	10	0	5,955
External migrants	12,195	65	65	20	40	10	0	0	12,135
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	718,335	84,140	82,665	34,375	48,000	290	1,110	370	634,195
Non-movers	428,405	41,420	40,680	13,310	27,215	155	490	250	386,985
Movers	289,925	42,725	41,985	21,065	20,785	130	620	120	247,205
Non-migrants	189,375	33,105	32,495	15,710	16,715	70	520	90	156,270
Migrants	100,550	9,615	9,485	5,355	4,075	60	100	30	90,935
Internal migrants	47,325	9,485	9,355	5,305	3,995	55	100	30	37,840
Intraprovincial migrants	29,695	7,505	7,410	4,265	3,120	20	75	20	22,195
Interprovincial migrants	17,630	1,985	1,945	1,030	880	35	25	10	15,640
External migrants	53,230	130	130	55	75	0	0	0	53,100
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	629,375	66,580	65,455	25,275	39,960	225	790	330	562,800
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	120,080	23,290	22,835	11,085	11,655	90	320	140	96,785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	106,780	21,195	20,795	10,270	10,440	85	270	130	85,585
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	13,295	2,095	2,035	815	1,215	0	50	10	11,195
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	509,300	43,290	42,620	14,190	28,300	130	475	195	466,010
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	188,260	20,165	19,815	6,810	12,930	75	265	90	168,095
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	321,040	23,125	22,805	7,375	15,370	55	205	105	297,915
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	629,375	66,580	65,455	25,275	39,960	220	790	335	562,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	106,780	21,195	20,795	10,270	10,440	85	270	130	85,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	188,260	20,165	19,820	6,810	12,930	75	260	85	168,095
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	43,540	4,950	4,875	1,540	3,325	10	60	15	38,590
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	21,675	2,635	2,600	940	1,660	10	30	10	19,040
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	21,865	2,315	2,275	605	1,665	0	35	15	19,550
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	113,500	11,700	11,570	4,035	7,510	25	70	60	101,800
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,860	1,505	1,480	560	920	0	15	10	16,355
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	159,435	7,065	6,915	2,060	4,830	30	110	35	152,375
Bachelor's degree	112,785	5,420	5,315	1,620	3,680	15	75	25	107,365
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	46,650	1,645	1,600	435	1,155	10	35	10	45,005
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	629,380	66,580	65,460	25,270	39,955	220	790	335	562,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	295,040	41,360	40,615	17,080	23,370	160	530	215	253,685
Education	28,020	2,155	2,115	590	1,525	0	30	10	25,870
13. Education	28,025	2,155	2,115	590	1,525	10	30	10	25,870
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,515	775	750	160	590	0	15	10	9,740
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,830	200	190	50	140	0	0	10	1,630
50. Visual and performing arts	8,680	575	570	115	455	0	10	0	8,105
Humanities	16,955	900	875	305	565	0	15	10	16,055
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,530	90	90	30	60	0	0	0	1,445
23. English language and literature/letters	3,310	170	170	40	125	0	0	0	3,140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,410	330	315	140	175	0	10	0	5,080
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,125	45	40	10	30	0	0	0	1,080
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,265	105	105	50	55	0	0	10	2,160
54. History	2,660	115	120	30	80	0	0	0	2,540
55. French language and literature/letters	600	40	40	10	35	0	0	0	555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	36,585	2,885	2,830	1,095	1,740	0	45	15	33,700
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	625	185	175	130	50	0	10	0	435
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,645	200	195	60	140	0	0	0	2,445
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,165	915	910	420	495	0	0	0	6,250
22. Legal professions and studies	5,590	500	490	145	345	0	0	0	5,095
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	740	45	40	10	30	0	0	10	700
42. Psychology	6,665	395	380	115	275	0	0	10	6,260
45. Social sciences	13,160	640	635	225	410	0	10	0	12,520
Business, management and public administration	69,900	5,680	5,605	2,080	3,505	20	35	40	64,220
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	40	40	20	20	0	0	0	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,105	1,145	1,120	675	435	10	20	10	3,960
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	64,565	4,490	4,440	1,385	3,050	10	20	30	60,075
Physical and life sciences and technologies	13,160	495	490	80	410	0	0	10	12,665
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,555	215	210	20	190	0	0	0	5,340
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,555	145	145	35	115	0	0	0	3,410
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	410	20	20	10	15	0	0	0	395
40. Physical sciences	2,980	95	95	15	80	0	0	0	2,890
41. Science technologies/technicians	655	25	25	10	20	0	0	0	630
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,575	790	760	220	535	0	25	10	14,790
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,970	695	670	210	455	10	25	0	12,280
25. Library science	855	60	55	0	50	0	0	10	795
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,640	35	40	0	35	0	0	0	1,605
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	62,535	4,875	4,805	1,425	3,365	15	50	15	57,660
04. Architecture and related services	2,150	55	55	15	40	0	0	0	2,090
14. Engineering	13,730	220	215	80	130	10	10	0	13,510
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	12,435	925	920	250	665	0	0	0	11,510
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,410	1,560	1,540	510	1,020	0	20	0	10,850
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,120	1,330	1,320	320	1,005	0	10	0	13,785
48. Precision production	6,690	775	755	245	505	0	20	0	5,915
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,385	290	285	75	215	0	0	10	6,090
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,515	160	155	15	135	0	0	10	4,355
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,875	135	130	55	75	0	0	0	1,735
Health and related fields	57,675	4,245	4,230	1,445	2,765	15	20	0	53,425
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,940	195	200	50	145	10	0	0	2,745
51. Health professions and related programs	53,135	4,010	3,985	1,395	2,585	10	25	0	49,130
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,595	45	40	0	35	0	0	0	1,555
Personal, protective and transportation services	16,995	2,115	2,085	700	1,375	10	20	10	14,885
12. Personal and culinary services	10,405	1,270	1,255	430	820	10	15	0	9,140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	145
43. Security and protective services	2,880	430	430	165	265	0	0	0	2,450
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,515	410	400	105	285	0	10	10	3,100
Other	30	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	20
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	629,380	66,580	65,455	25,275	39,960	225	790	335	562,795
In the labour force	424,370	41,480	40,830	12,720	27,970	150	470	180	382,890
Employed	397,550	36,580	36,035	10,455	25,455	125	400	145	360,965
Unemployed	26,820	4,900	4,795	2,260	2,510	25	65	40	21,920
Not in the labour force	205,010	25,100	24,625	12,555	11,995	75	325	155	179,905
Participation rate	67.4	62.3	62.4	50.3	70.0	66.7	59.5	53.7	68.0
Employment rate	63.2	54.9	55.1	41.4	63.7	55.6	50.6	43.3	64.1
Unemployment rate	6.3	11.8	11.7	17.8	9.0	16.7	13.8	22.2	5.7
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	424,370	41,480	40,835	12,715	27,965	150	465	180	382,890
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	7,970	1,670	1,630	905	720	0	30	15	6,295
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	416,400	39,815	39,205	11,805	27,250	145	440	165	376,590
Employee	381,075	37,480	36,920	11,230	25,545	140	420	140	343,600
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	35,320	2,330	2,285	575	1,700	10	25	25	32,990
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	629,375	66,580	65,455	25,270	39,960	225	790	335	562,800
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	191,385	24,140	23,620	12,295	11,265	65	350	165	167,245
Worked	437,990	42,445	41,830	12,980	28,695	155	440	175	395,550
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	335,740	31,590	31,165	9,485	21,590	90	300	125	304,150
1 to 13 weeks	12,770	1,705	1,695	860	835	10	10	0	11,060
14 to 26 weeks	20,905	2,445	2,390	920	1,470	10	40	10	18,465
27 to 39 weeks	17,865	2,230	2,220	815	1,390	15	0	0	15,640
40 to 48 weeks	55,845	4,465	4,365	1,320	3,030	15	75	20	51,380
49 to 52 weeks	228,350	20,745	20,495	5,580	14,865	55	165	85	207,605
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	102,255	10,850	10,665	3,490	7,105	65	140	50	91,400
1 to 13 weeks	19,465	2,600	2,560	1,030	1,530	0	25	10	16,865
14 to 26 weeks	19,245	1,940	1,900	650	1,235	15	25	10	17,310
27 to 39 weeks	11,500	1,165	1,130	320	800	15	35	0	10,340
40 to 48 weeks	17,700	1,585	1,555	405	1,135	10	30	0	16,115
49 to 52 weeks	34,340	3,565	3,515	1,090	2,405	20	20	30	30,775
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	41.4	41.4	38.7	42.6	41.2	39.8	43.9	43.3
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	424,365	41,480	40,830	12,715	27,970	150	470	180	382,890
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	7,970	1,670	1,625	910	720	0	25	15	6,300
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	416,400	39,810	39,205	11,805	27,250	145	440	170	376,590
0 Management occupations	41,145	2,990	2,955	685	2,245	25	30	10	38,155
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	67,935	6,575	6,520	1,600	4,895	25	45	15	61,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	26,505	1,500	1,455	320	1,135	10	25	20	25,005
3 Health occupations	34,950	2,350	2,330	705	1,620	10	15	10	32,600
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	56,040	6,280	6,215	2,295	3,905	15	55	15	49,760
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	11,250	975	955	320	625	10	0	10	10,275
6 Sales and service occupations	97,655	10,055	9,860	3,080	6,730	45	155	45	87,600
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	57,895	7,300	7,180	2,215	4,940	20	95	25	50,595
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,740	635	620	235	385	0	10	10	4,110
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,285	1,140	1,120	345	775	10	0	15	17,140
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	424,370	41,480	40,830	12,715	27,965	145	465	180	382,890
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	7,970	1,670	1,625	905	720	0	30	15	6,300
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	416,400	39,810	39,205	11,810	27,245	145	440	165	376,585
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,175	225	210	60	145	0	15	0	3,950
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	805	95	100	45	55	0	0	0	700
22 Utilities	4,335	530	520	130	395	0	0	0	3,805
23 Construction	28,580	3,895	3,865	1,190	2,655	15	35	0	24,680
31-33 Manufacturing	35,870	2,340	2,305	525	1,775	15	20	15	33,530
41 Wholesale trade	15,135	1,200	1,180	240	930	15	20	10	13,930
44-45 Retail trade	45,615	4,150	4,090	1,210	2,855	20	60	0	41,465
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	23,720	2,300	2,235	605	1,610	15	35	25	21,420
51 Information and cultural industries	8,575	840	820	260	545	0	15	10	7,735
52 Finance and insurance	19,835	1,360	1,350	230	1,125	0	0	0	18,470
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,185	615	610	140	475	0	0	0	5,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,340	1,405	1,365	375	995	0	35	10	20,935
55 Management of companies and enterprises	540	25	20	0	20	10	0	0	515
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,440	1,935	1,900	745	1,155	10	20	10	14,510
61 Educational services	35,280	3,185	3,140	875	2,255	10	45	0	32,090
62 Health care and social assistance	60,505	5,980	5,925	2,265	3,645	15	30	25	54,520
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,375	1,040	1,025	320	700	0	10	10	8,340
72 Accommodation and food services	30,325	3,150	3,085	1,020	2,060	0	45	20	27,170
81 Other services (except public administration)	18,335	1,840	1,815	595	1,210	10	20	0	16,495
91 Public administration	30,445	3,685	3,640	975	2,650	15	30	15	26,755
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	397,545	36,580	36,035	10,460	25,455	125	400	140	360,970
Worked at home	18,330	1,245	1,220	290	920	10	10	10	17,080
Worked outside Canada	1,370	70	65	20	50	0	10	0	1,305
No fixed workplace address	40,525	4,855	4,770	1,625	3,130	10	65	15	35,670
Worked at usual place	337,320	30,415	29,975	8,515	21,355	100	325	115	306,910
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	337,320	30,410	29,975	8,515	21,360	100	320	115	306,905
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	292,965	25,690	25,305	7,445	17,775	85	285	105	267,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,730	715	715	145	570	0	0	0	5,015
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	37,270	3,900	3,855	890	2,945	15	35	10	33,370
Commute to a different province or territory	1,360	110	110	45	65	0	10	0	1,250
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	377,845	35,265	34,745	10,145	24,490	110	385	130	342,580
Car, truck, van - as a driver	272,065	23,420	23,110	5,715	17,325	70	225	85	248,645
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	26,895	2,685	2,660	870	1,785	10	20	10	24,205
Public transit	51,395	5,920	5,775	2,420	3,340	15	120	30	45,475
Walked	17,300	2,120	2,095	785	1,295	15	10	10	15,180
Bicycle	6,315	580	575	170	395	10	10	0	5,730
Other method	3,885	535	540	185	350	0	0	0	3,345
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	451,980	44,235	43,575	13,800	29,620	160	480	180	407,750
Official languages	449,790	44,200	43,545	13,770	29,610	165	480	175	405,590
English	448,425	44,025	43,375	13,765	29,450	165	480	175	404,395
French	16,460	2,440	2,400	150	2,250	0	30	10	14,025
Non-official languages	21,495	700	680	550	115	15	25	0	20,795
Aboriginal languages	600	545	530	505	10	10	20	0	55
Algonquian languages	555	520	505	495	10	0	20	0	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	240	230	210	210	0	0	20	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	40	40	45	0	0	0	0	10
Woods Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	170	170	150	150	0	0	15	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	320	295	295	285	10	0	0	0	25
Algonquin	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	215	200	200	200	0	0	0	0	20
Oji-Cree	100	95	95	90	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	30	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	15
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	10	15	0	0	15	0	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,895	150	150	45	105	0	0	0	20,740
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	629,380	66,580	65,455	25,270	39,960	225	790	330	562,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	599,220	61,125	60,125	22,475	37,440	215	695	300	538,100
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,803	27,942	28,022	20,258	33,733	18,265	22,169	26,120	36,658
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,029	35,440	35,439	27,623	40,164	29,779	34,822	37,065	47,232
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	599,370	61,130	60,130	22,475	37,440	210	695	305	538,245
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,581	25,753	25,826	19,705	30,032	17,437	20,754	23,815	32,176
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,459	30,296	30,297	24,893	33,570	25,216	29,790	31,220	38,272
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	545,645	48,950	48,180	15,215	32,815	150	535	235	496,700
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,147	29,479	29,519	22,803	33,385	19,944	23,046	27,676	34,597
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,151	36,897	36,876	29,739	40,192	35,282	37,505	39,827	45,965
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	437,205	48,735	47,920	19,905	27,845	165	560	255	388,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,454	4,054	4,019	5,295	3,229	1,438	5,177	5,227	3,379
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,736	7,389	7,391	8,462	6,634	5,799	7,370	7,209	6,654
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	457,590	44,555	43,880	13,830	29,900	150	490	190	413,035
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,365	29,992	30,063	24,096	34,080	19,889	24,454	27,176	35,876
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,796	36,833	36,822	30,223	39,890	33,647	36,827	39,441	45,655
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	629,375	66,580	65,455	25,270	39,960	225	790	335	562,795
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	224,065	20,305	20,055	5,355	14,650	50	165	80	203,760
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	51,884	47,770	47,760	41,507	49,828	52,169	54,275	39,338	52,347
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	62,418	53,688	53,565	46,719	56,025	65,906	64,743	61,550	63,287
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	89.3	83.4	83.4	72.9	87.7	87.4	82.9	84.2	89.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	74.3	75.7	75.8	67.3	79.3	76.2	74.6	64.5	74.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	10.7	16.6	16.6	27.1	12.3	15.3	17.1	16.3	10.2
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	629,380	66,580	65,455	25,275	39,960	220	790	335	562,795
Without total income	30,155	5,455	5,330	2,795	2,525	10	95	35	24,700
With total income	599,225	61,125	60,130	22,480	37,440	215	695	305	538,100
Percentage with total income	95.2	91.8	91.9	88.9	93.7	97.7	88.0	91.0	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	81,095	12,035	11,785	6,190	5,540	60	190	60	69,060
$10,000 to $19,999	90,185	11,365	11,170	4,950	6,165	55	125	65	78,820
$20,000 to $29,999	83,130	8,805	8,640	3,330	5,290	25	105	50	74,330
$30,000 to $39,999	77,975	7,580	7,490	2,585	4,885	25	50	40	70,390
$40,000 to $49,999	70,115	6,360	6,260	1,865	4,390	0	65	40	63,760
$50,000 to $59,999	53,235	4,700	4,640	1,265	3,360	10	35	25	48,535
$60,000 to $69,999	38,065	3,190	3,130	785	2,340	10	50	10	34,880
$70,000 to $79,999	28,560	2,300	2,270	520	1,740	10	25	0	26,260
$80,000 to $89,999	22,580	1,705	1,690	350	1,340	0	10	10	20,875
$90,000 to $99,999	14,590	980	965	195	770	0	10	10	13,615
$100,000 and over	39,690	2,120	2,075	445	1,625	10	35	10	37,570
$100,000 to $149,999	27,290	1,590	1,570	340	1,225	0	20	10	25,695
$150,000 and over	12,405	530	510	105	400	0	10	0	11,870
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	629,375	66,580	65,455	25,275	39,960	225	795	330	562,795
Without after-tax income	30,010	5,450	5,325	2,795	2,515	10	95	30	24,555
With after-tax income	599,375	61,130	60,130	22,475	37,440	215	695	305	538,245
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	91.8	91.9	88.9	93.7	95.6	87.4	92.4	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,950	12,165	11,915	6,210	5,640	60	190	60	71,785
$10,000 to $19,999	97,745	12,140	11,930	5,140	6,735	60	145	65	85,605
$20,000 to $29,999	102,020	10,265	10,090	3,755	6,315	20	115	65	91,760
$30,000 to $39,999	98,170	9,315	9,195	2,855	6,310	35	70	50	88,855
$40,000 to $49,999	75,505	6,775	6,685	1,975	4,700	10	60	35	68,725
$50,000 to $59,999	51,050	4,405	4,320	1,060	3,245	15	75	10	46,645
$60,000 to $69,999	35,005	2,755	2,740	625	2,105	10	10	0	32,250
$70,000 to $79,999	21,115	1,405	1,400	305	1,100	0	0	0	19,710
$80,000 and over	34,810	1,910	1,860	555	1,290	0	35	15	32,905
$80,000 to $89,999	11,685	735	730	230	495	0	10	0	10,945
$90,000 to $99,999	6,690	380	365	110	255	0	10	10	6,315
$100,000 and over	16,430	785	760	215	545	0	25	10	15,645
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	629,375	66,580	65,455	25,270	39,960	225	790	330	562,795
Without employment income	171,785	22,030	21,575	11,440	10,060	75	305	145	149,760
With employment income	457,590	44,550	43,875	13,830	29,895	150	490	190	413,040
Percentage with employment income	72.7	66.9	67.0	54.7	74.8	66.7	62.0	57.6	73.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	51,760	6,175	6,070	2,595	3,455	too unreliable to be published F	85	too unreliable to be published F	45,585
$5,000 to $9,999	32,430	3,880	3,790	1,485	2,280	too unreliable to be published F	70	too unreliable to be published F	28,550
$10,000 to $19,999	58,105	6,215	6,125	2,035	4,050	too unreliable to be published F	55	too unreliable to be published F	51,890
$20,000 to $29,999	56,295	5,990	5,895	2,110	3,775	too unreliable to be published F	55	too unreliable to be published F	50,310
$30,000 to $39,999	56,220	5,115	5,050	1,575	3,465	too unreliable to be published F	35	too unreliable to be published F	51,100
$40,000 to $49,999	50,020	4,910	4,850	1,220	3,620	too unreliable to be published F	45	too unreliable to be published F	45,110
$50,000 to $59,999	39,590	3,670	3,615	980	2,625	too unreliable to be published F	45	too unreliable to be published F	35,915
$60,000 to $69,999	28,730	2,590	2,555	595	1,955	too unreliable to be published F	30	too unreliable to be published F	26,140
$70,000 to $79,999	23,010	1,915	1,895	475	1,410	too unreliable to be published F	15	too unreliable to be published F	21,095
$80,000 and over	61,430	4,095	4,035	760	3,260	too unreliable to be published F	45	too unreliable to be published F	57,340
$80,000 to $89,999	18,870	1,490	1,470	250	1,215	too unreliable to be published F	15	too unreliable to be published F	17,375
$90,000 to $99,999	11,990	835	830	145	690	too unreliable to be published F	0	too unreliable to be published F	11,150
$100,000 and over	30,585	1,765	1,735	365	1,360	too unreliable to be published F	25	too unreliable to be published F	28,815
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	208,925	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,179	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,708	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,999	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,180	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	73,635	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,202	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,965	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,451	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,863	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	94,590	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,372	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,703	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,767	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,152	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,560	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,859	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,490	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,654	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,512	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	117,175	12,635	12,370	4,625	7,695	50	175	85	104,540
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	33,880	25,374	25,460	17,837	31,793	15,829	20,269	46,017	34,886
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	41,559	32,431	32,449	24,727	37,193	16,203	26,084	43,167	42,663
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	30,096	23,568	23,615	17,591	28,427	15,829	19,507	37,825	30,793
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	34,379	27,704	27,705	21,955	31,242	14,983	22,967	37,451	35,186
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	761,540	92,805	91,145	38,700	52,130	320	1,280	385	668,735
In the bottom half of the distribution	391,960	61,965	60,805	31,820	28,795	190	905	260	329,995
In the bottom decile	81,520	21,720	21,325	13,820	7,425	80	350	40	59,800
In the second decile	71,395	13,480	13,265	7,440	5,785	40	155	55	57,915
In the third decile	77,255	10,590	10,360	5,020	5,310	35	160	65	66,665
In the fourth decile	79,750	8,205	8,050	3,150	4,880	15	115	40	71,545
In the fifth decile	82,040	7,975	7,805	2,390	5,385	25	120	55	74,065
In the top half of the distribution	369,580	30,840	30,335	6,875	23,340	125	380	125	338,740
In the sixth decile	81,220	7,805	7,650	2,030	5,600	25	100	50	73,420
In the seventh decile	81,810	7,210	7,045	1,600	5,415	30	130	30	74,600
In the eighth decile	77,010	6,570	6,510	1,430	5,030	40	60	10	70,445
In the ninth decile	71,550	5,630	5,565	1,075	4,490	0	35	30	65,925
In the top decile	57,990	3,635	3,570	735	2,805	30	55	15	54,350
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	761,025	92,310	90,650	38,230	52,105	320	1,275	380	668,715
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	114,190	28,715	28,210	18,060	10,065	85	425	85	85,475
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.0	31.1	31.1	47.2	19.3	26.6	33.3	22.4	12.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	93,160	24,155	23,710	15,275	8,355	85	390	55	69,010
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.2	26.2	26.2	40.0	16.0	26.6	30.6	14.5	10.3

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

F

too unreliable to be published

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

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Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

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Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 39

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Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Winnipeg [Census metropolitan area], Manitoba (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 20, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Census metropolitan area], Manitoba

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Census metropolitan area], Manitoba